1.Prognostic significance of TRIM28 elevation in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia
Siqi GONG ; Cong LI ; Mengmeng FAN ; Huiping WANG ; Wanqiu ZHANG ; Xue LIANG ; Qianshan TAO ; Qiang HONG ; Zhimin ZHAI
Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui 2026;61(2):301-308
ObjectiveTo clarify the expression of TRIM28 in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its correlation with clinical indicators and prognosis, and to further explore the effect of TRIM28 expression levels on the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells using small interfering RNA. MethodsThe GSE34577 dataset was analyzed using R software to compare TRIM28 expression between healthy controls and non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Clinical samples from non-M3 AML patients were collected, with TRIM28 expression levels measured using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The analysis focused on correlations between TRIM28 expression and various clinical indicators, treatment efficacy, and patient prognosis. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to downregulate TRIM28 expression in human primary AML cells (HL60 cell line). The effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were then assessed through CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. ResultsThe results showed that TRIM28 was up-regulated in non-M3 AML of both online database GSE34577 and clinical samples (P<0.000 1), TRIM28 expression of new diagnosis group and relapsed refractory group was higher than iron deficiency anemia group (P<0.01), and there was no significance between different French-American-British classification systems subtype. TRIM28 expression was higher in non-M3 AML patients with a poor genetic prognosis stratified as moderate than in the good prognosis group, and TRIM28 expression was associated with NPM1 combined with the FLT3-ITD mutation, positively correlated with age, bone marrow blast, peripheral blood blast and white blood cell, negatively correlated with hemoglobin. In addition, interference TRIM28 greatly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. ConclusionThis study reveals that TRIM28 is highly expressed in non-M3 AML and associated with prognosis, and plays a key role in the proliferation and apoptosis of AML cells, suggesting that TRIM28 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for non-M3 AML.
2.Application and Prospects of Simultaneous Multicomponent Extraction Technology in Biological Samples
Kun-Peng ZHANG ; Zi-Hong YE ; Zhi-Chao XUE
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(5):1400-1414
With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical field, the efficient and simultaneous extraction of multiple biological components from biological samples has become a critical process for advancing scientific research. The ability to simultaneously extract various molecular components such as metabolites, DNA, RNA, and proteins is pivotal for multi-omics studies, which aim to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Traditional methods often extract these components separately, leading to challenges such as sample loss, time consumption, contamination, and inconsistencies across different data types. In contrast, simultaneous extraction techniques address these issues by maintaining the consistency of each biological component’s physiological state, improving data reliability and facilitating integration across omic platforms. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in simultaneous extraction technologies, focusing on methods such as methanol/chloroform extraction, TRIzol reagent extraction, and modified Folch extraction, which have shown significant promise in improving the efficiency and integrity of biological sample preparation. These methods offer various advantages, such as reduced sample volume requirements, decreased contamination risk, and enhanced extraction consistency, which are crucial for studies involving small sample sizes or precious clinical specimens. Among these, methanol/chloroform extraction stands out for its simplicity, low cost, and ability to extract a wide range of biological molecules. However, it does face limitations, such as its inefficiency in extracting lipids and potential RNA contamination. On the other hand, the TRIzol reagent method has become a widely adopted technique due to its ability to simultaneously isolate RNA, proteins, and metabolites from the same sample. Despite its effectiveness, the TRIzol method has limitations in RNA quality, especially when handling complex samples or those with high protein content. Modified Folch extraction, which combines liquid-liquid extraction with commercial kits, offers a highly efficient way to extract polar metabolites, lipids, RNA, DNA, and proteins from small tissue samples. This method has proven advantageous in terms of extraction yield, especially for challenging or rare samples, although it requires precise handling to avoid cross-contamination between phases. The integration of automated platforms, microfluidics, and high-throughput systems is another exciting avenue for improving simultaneous extraction. Automation facilitates large-scale, reproducible sample processing with minimal human error, while microfluidics provides high precision in sample handling and enables real-time monitoring of extraction efficiency. These innovations not only enhance the speed and reproducibility of sample preparation but also open new possibilities for single-cell analysis, where sample volumes are often limited, and extraction efficiency is critical. In addition to the technical aspects, the review also highlights the importance of optimizing extraction protocols for specific sample types, such as clinical tissues, plants, and microorganisms. For example, the challenge of extracting multiple components from cancer tissues, where sample degradation and contamination risks are high, can be mitigated by carefully selecting extraction reagents and minimizing sample handling steps. Similarly, in plant studies, where metabolite diversity is vast, the simultaneous extraction methods must be optimized to account for the unique composition of plant tissues, which often include complex secondary metabolites and cell wall components. Looking forward, the development of more efficient and standardized simultaneous extraction methods will be crucial for advancing multi-omics research. There is a growing need for protocols that can be tailored to specific research needs, ensuring both reproducibility and flexibility in diverse applications. Additionally, combining these extraction methods with high-resolution analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing will further enhance the potential of multi-omics studies to provide comprehensive insights into biological systems. As these technologies continue to evolve, their application in personalized medicine, environmental research, and agriculture holds great promise for addressing critical scientific challenges. In conclusion, while simultaneous extraction technologies have made significant strides, several challenges remain in optimizing extraction efficiency, ensuring reproducibility, and reducing costs. Future research should focus on refining extraction protocols, developing innovative extraction reagents, and expanding the scope of these methods to cater to a broader range of biological samples. Ultimately, the continued integration of these advanced techniques will revolutionize the way biological samples are prepared, analyzed, and understood in the context of multi-omics research.
3.Application and Prospects of Simultaneous Multicomponent Extraction Technology in Biological Samples
Kun-Peng ZHANG ; Zi-Hong YE ; Zhi-Chao XUE
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(5):1400-1414
With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical field, the efficient and simultaneous extraction of multiple biological components from biological samples has become a critical process for advancing scientific research. The ability to simultaneously extract various molecular components such as metabolites, DNA, RNA, and proteins is pivotal for multi-omics studies, which aim to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Traditional methods often extract these components separately, leading to challenges such as sample loss, time consumption, contamination, and inconsistencies across different data types. In contrast, simultaneous extraction techniques address these issues by maintaining the consistency of each biological component’s physiological state, improving data reliability and facilitating integration across omic platforms. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in simultaneous extraction technologies, focusing on methods such as methanol/chloroform extraction, TRIzol reagent extraction, and modified Folch extraction, which have shown significant promise in improving the efficiency and integrity of biological sample preparation. These methods offer various advantages, such as reduced sample volume requirements, decreased contamination risk, and enhanced extraction consistency, which are crucial for studies involving small sample sizes or precious clinical specimens. Among these, methanol/chloroform extraction stands out for its simplicity, low cost, and ability to extract a wide range of biological molecules. However, it does face limitations, such as its inefficiency in extracting lipids and potential RNA contamination. On the other hand, the TRIzol reagent method has become a widely adopted technique due to its ability to simultaneously isolate RNA, proteins, and metabolites from the same sample. Despite its effectiveness, the TRIzol method has limitations in RNA quality, especially when handling complex samples or those with high protein content. Modified Folch extraction, which combines liquid-liquid extraction with commercial kits, offers a highly efficient way to extract polar metabolites, lipids, RNA, DNA, and proteins from small tissue samples. This method has proven advantageous in terms of extraction yield, especially for challenging or rare samples, although it requires precise handling to avoid cross-contamination between phases. The integration of automated platforms, microfluidics, and high-throughput systems is another exciting avenue for improving simultaneous extraction. Automation facilitates large-scale, reproducible sample processing with minimal human error, while microfluidics provides high precision in sample handling and enables real-time monitoring of extraction efficiency. These innovations not only enhance the speed and reproducibility of sample preparation but also open new possibilities for single-cell analysis, where sample volumes are often limited, and extraction efficiency is critical. In addition to the technical aspects, the review also highlights the importance of optimizing extraction protocols for specific sample types, such as clinical tissues, plants, and microorganisms. For example, the challenge of extracting multiple components from cancer tissues, where sample degradation and contamination risks are high, can be mitigated by carefully selecting extraction reagents and minimizing sample handling steps. Similarly, in plant studies, where metabolite diversity is vast, the simultaneous extraction methods must be optimized to account for the unique composition of plant tissues, which often include complex secondary metabolites and cell wall components. Looking forward, the development of more efficient and standardized simultaneous extraction methods will be crucial for advancing multi-omics research. There is a growing need for protocols that can be tailored to specific research needs, ensuring both reproducibility and flexibility in diverse applications. Additionally, combining these extraction methods with high-resolution analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing will further enhance the potential of multi-omics studies to provide comprehensive insights into biological systems. As these technologies continue to evolve, their application in personalized medicine, environmental research, and agriculture holds great promise for addressing critical scientific challenges. In conclusion, while simultaneous extraction technologies have made significant strides, several challenges remain in optimizing extraction efficiency, ensuring reproducibility, and reducing costs. Future research should focus on refining extraction protocols, developing innovative extraction reagents, and expanding the scope of these methods to cater to a broader range of biological samples. Ultimately, the continued integration of these advanced techniques will revolutionize the way biological samples are prepared, analyzed, and understood in the context of multi-omics research.
4.Mechanism of Feibi prescription on mitochondrial apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in mice with pulmonary fibrosis
Xue CHENG ; Huanxi JING ; Yunke ZHANG ; Hong FANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(11):2334-2339
BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that mitochondrial apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis,and Feibi prescription can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis and inhibit the transformation of extracellular mechanisms in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of Feibi prescription on mitochondrial apoptpsis of alveolar epithelial cells in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. METHODS:Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,pirfenidone group,and Feibi prescription group.There were 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank control group,the other three groups were intraperitoneally injected with bleomycin(7.5 mg/kg per day)for 10 continuous days to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis.On day 1 after modeling,the mice in corresponding drug groups were intragastrically administered with pirfenidone(51.43 mg/kg per day)or Feibi prescription(12.86 mg/kg per day).Drug administration lasted for 28 days.Then,morphological changes of lung tissue in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining.The levels of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 in the serum were detected by ELISA,and the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,Beclin-1,and Caspase3 in the lung tissue was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Morphological observation of lung tissue showed that in the model group,the alveolar septum and alveolar lumen were infiltrated with a large number of inflammatory cells,and there were large clusters of fibrous foci;in the pirfenidone group,alveolar septa were thickened,with a small infiltration of inflammatory cells and the appearance of pulmonary fibrous foci;in the Feibi prescription group,the alveolar structure was widened,with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration,and the alveolar structure was almost not obviously damaged,with a small number of lung fibrous foci.Compared with the blank control group,the mass concentrations of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 were significantly higher in the model group(P<0.01),while the levels were significantly lower in the two drug groups than the model group(P<0.01).Moreover,the mass concentrations of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 in the Feibi prescription group were lower than those in the pirfenidone group.Compared with the blank control group,the expression of Bax and Caspase3 proteins in the lung tissue of mice was significantly higher in the model group,while the expression of Bax and Caspase3 proteins was significantly lower in the two drug groups than the model group.Compared with the blank control group,the expression of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins in the lung tissue of mice was significantly lower in the model group,while the expression of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 proteins was significantly higher in the two drug groups than the model group.To conclude,Feibi prescription can reduce pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanism may be related to the downregulation of interleukin-1,interleukin-6,interleukin-17,and interleukin-37 levels.This prescription can also reduce the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins,Bax,Bcl-2,Beclin-1 and Caspase3.
5.Effect of Asperisochroman B on oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal damage
Xiao-ting HONG ; Xue-zhen LI ; Han HUANG ; Xiao-xue ZOU ; Yu-qin ZHANG
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin 2025;41(7):1311-1317
Aim To explore the protective effect of the isochroman compound Asperisochroman B(AB)on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury of neurons based on the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 path-way and to reveal the related mechanism.Methods Primary neurons were cultured and the OGD/R model was constructed.The primary neurons were divided in-to the blank control group,OGD/R group,and AB low,medium,and high concentration(3,10,30 μmol·L-1)groups.The effects of AB on primary neurons were determined by CCK-8 assay,lactate dehydrogen-ase(LDH)release assay,and Hoechst 33342 stai-ning.The expression levels of PI3K,AKT,and Foxo1-related proteins were detected by Western blot.After intervention with the PI3K inhibitor(LY294002)and re-modeling and intervention with high concentra-tion of AB(30 μmol·L-1),the expression of PI3K/Foxo1 pathway-related proteins was detected by West-ern blot.Results Compared with the OGD/R group,AB could significantly increase the cell survival rate of primary neurons and reduce the release of LDH.The results of Hoechst 33342 and immunofluorescence stai-ning showed that AB reduced apoptosis after OGD/R injury.Western blot results showed that compared with the OGD/R group,after AB intervention,the expres-sion levels of Bcl-2 and NeuN proteins in neurons sig-nificantly increased(P<0.01),and the expression level of Bax protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).At the same time,it upregulated the expres-sion levels of p-AKT and PI3K proteins,promoted Foxo1 phosphorylation,and downregulated the expres-sion of Foxo1.Compared with the high-dose AB group,LY294002 could inhibit the changes of the a-bove indicators and reverse the protective effect of AB on OGD/R-injured primary neurons.Conclusions AB can alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygen-ation-induced neuronal injury,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway.
6.Analysis of completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer : a national multicenter real-world study
Kexuan LI ; Tixian XIAO ; Xiaodong WANG ; Bin WU ; Guole LIN ; Yuchen GUO ; Ming QU ; Si WU ; Xiaodong YANG ; Yinshengbo′er BAO ; Baohua WANG ; Fan ZHANG ; Xiangwang YU ; Beizhan NIU ; Junyang LU ; Lai XU ; Guannan ZHANG ; Zhen SUN ; Guoyou ZHANG ; Yan SHI ; Hong JIANG ; Yongjing TIAN ; Yongxiang LI ; Hongwei YAO ; Jun XUE ; Quan WANG ; Lie YANG ; Qian LIU ; Yi XIAO
Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery 2025;24(1):113-119
Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.
7.A three-dimensional virtual simulation platform for Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy constructed based on the three-dimensional motion capture technology
Xue BAI ; Xing WANG ; Guoping HONG ; Rushuo JIA ; Qi HAN ; Huaiyu GUO ; Hongkai NIU ; Shaojie ZHANG ; Lumen CHAO
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(18):3826-3832
BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional(3D)Motion Capture Technology can build accurate,objective,and quantized medical virtual simulation model,which is conducive to clinical learners'precise and in-depth understanding and mastery of various traditional therapies.The virtual simulation model of traditional Chinese medicine based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology has been reported,but such a system of traditional Mongolian medicine therapy has not been reported.OBJECTIVE:To construct an interactive 3D visualization virtual simulation model based on the 3D Motion Capture Technology.METHODS:Motion capture data of the professor of Mongolian Medicine Department were collected using the 3D optical motion capture system(Motion Analysis)and Plantar Force Platform.The 3D motion model of brain vibration therapy was constructed using Motion Builder software,and the role model was constructed using Maya software matched with the action model.Unity3D software was used to build a virtual simulation system of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.The system integrated information on 3D animation,kinematic and dynamic parameters of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:By using 3D Motion Capture Technology and Computer Simulation Technology to reconstruct the operation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy,it can display the posture of the operator and subject and record the key parameters of spatial position and changes of joint motion to obtain kinematic and dynamic parameters.The interactive 3D virtual simulation technology is used to realize the visual presentation of 3D virtual simulation of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.It lays a foundation for the standardization,digitization and visualization of Mongolian medical brain vibration therapy.
8.Investigation on the current status and influencing factors of nursing information ability of head nurses in different levels of hospitals in Jiaozuo City based on random forest model
Haiyan ZHANG ; Yue WU ; Ying XUE ; Ran HAO ; Xiaoou WANG ; Hong WANG
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing 2025;41(27):2104-2110
Objective:To investigate the current situation of nursing information ability of head nurses in different grades of hospitals in Jiaozuo City, and analyze its influencing variables based on the random forest model, so as to provide evidence-based basis for the construction of nursing information ability improvement strategies and training programs for head nurses.Methods:From August to September 2024, the head nurses of 20 hospitals of different grades were selected by cluster sampling method in Jiaozuo City as the research subjects. General Data Questionnaire and Nursing Information Ability Scale of Head Nurses were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. Random forest model was used to evaluate the importance of variables, lasso regression analysis was applied to complete the variable screening, and the influencing factors of nursing information ability of head nurses were explored through stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.Results:A total of 305 questionnaires were ultimately collected, of which 297 were valid, the effective rate was 97.38%. Out of 297 head nurses, 6 were male and 291 were female; 49 individuals aged 20-29 years old, 127 individuals aged 30-39 years old, 92 individuals aged 40-49 years old, and 29 individuals aged ≥ 50 years old. The total score of nursing information ability was (139.06 ± 24.62). Random forest model and lasso regression analysis showed that the top 6 variables in terms of importance were the number of years serving as head nurses, participation in information function development, number of academic conferences in the past three years, hospital grade, participating in information training, and chairing or participating in scientific research in the past three years. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of years serving as head nurses, participating in information training, participating in information function development and number of academic conferences in the past three years had significant effects on nursing information ability of head nurses (t values were -4.66 to 3.81, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The nursing information ability of head nurses in Jiaozuo city is in the middle level, and the nursing information ability of head nurses in different grades of hospitals is different. It is suggested to construct a stepped information ability continuing education framework and a research-information ability coupling development mechanism, and incorporate nursing information ability into the necessary conditions for the appointment of nursing management posts, so as to realize the balanced development of nursing information management ability and the continuous iteration of nursing manager information ability.
9.The protective effect of Gualou Guizhi granules on neuronal injury induced by LPS-activated microglia based on Notch signaling pathway
Xue-zhen LI ; Xiao-xue ZOU ; Wen-ting CHEN ; Yi FENG ; Ya-nan LI ; Yu-qin ZHANG ; Li-hong NAN
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin 2025;41(4):781-786
Aim To investigate the protective effect of Gualou Guizhi granules(GLGZG)on neuronal injury induced by LPS-activated microglia based on Notch signaling pathway.Methods LPS-activated microglia were co-cultured with neurons to construct neuron inju-ry models,and the cells were divided into the control group,model group,Notch inhibitor(DAPT)group,GLGZG(50,100,200 mg·L-1)group,DAPT+100 mg·L-1GLGZG group.After intervention,the activity of HT22 cells was detected by CCK-8 method,and rel-ative mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR.The relative protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,after GLGZG intervention,the cell activity was significantly improved,GLGZG decreased IL-6,IL-12,Bax,Notch 1,caspase-3,Delta-1,NICD,RBPSUH,HES1 expression,and increased Bcl-2 expression(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the NICD,RBPSUH and HES1 mRNA and protein expressions significantly decreased after DAPT treatment(P<0.05),and there was no superposition effect with GLG-ZG.Conclusion GLGZG may play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting inflammatory factors and apoptosis,and inhibiting Notch signaling pathway.
10.Distribution and resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in hospitals across China:results from the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program,2015-2021
Juan MA ; Lixia ZHANG ; Yang YANG ; Fupin HU ; Demei ZHU ; Han SHEN ; Wanqing ZHOU ; Wenen LIU ; Yanming LI ; Yi XIE ; Mei KANG ; Dawen GUO ; Jinying ZHAO ; Zhidong HU ; Jin LI ; Shanmei WANG ; Yafei CHU ; Yunsong YU ; Jie LIN ; Yingchun XU ; Xiaojiang ZHANG ; Jihong LI ; Bin SHAN ; Yan DU ; Ping JI ; Fengbo ZHANG ; Chao ZHUO ; Danhong SU ; Lianhua WEI ; Fengmei ZOU ; Xiaobo MA ; Yanping ZHENG ; Yuanhong XU ; Ying HUANG ; Yunzhuo CHU ; Sufei TIAN ; Hua YU ; Xiangning HUANG ; Sufang GUO ; Xuesong XU ; Chao YAN ; Fangfang HU ; Yan JIN ; Chunhong SHAO ; Wei JIA ; Gang LI ; Jinsong WU ; Yuemei LU ; Fang DONG ; Zhiyong LÜ ; Lei ZHU ; Jinhua MENG ; Shuping ZHOU ; Yan ZHOU ; Chuanqing WANG ; Pan FU ; Yunjian HU ; Xiaoman AI ; Ziyong SUN ; Zhongju CHEN ; Hong ZHANG ; Chun WANG ; Yuxing NI ; Jingyong SUN ; Kaizhen WEN ; Yirong ZHANG ; Ruyi GUO ; Yan ZHU ; Jinju DUAN ; Jianbang KANG ; Xuefei HU ; Shifu WANG ; Yunsheng CHEN ; Qing MENG ; Yong ZHAO ; Ping GONG ; Ruizhong WANG ; Hua FANG ; Jilu SHEN ; Jiangshan LIU ; Hongqin GU ; Jiao FENG ; Shunhong XUE ; Bixia YU ; Wen HE ; Lin JIANG ; Longfeng LIAO ; Chunlei YUE ; Wenhui HUANG
Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2025;25(3):279-289
Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3%)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7%).Overall,19.6%of the isolates were from children and 80.4%were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0%and 32.0%,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0%of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2%in children and 45.6%in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6%in adults and 69.5%in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2%)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1%)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2%and 76.4%in children,70.5%and 63.5%in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3%and 47.7%in children,6.4%and 47.9%in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0%and 37.1%in children,81.7%and 39.9%in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

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