Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder for which no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available. One of the pharmacological targets that merits further research is the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), which is found on pancreatic acinar cells and responds to the neuropeptide substance P (SP) that participates in AP. Although a few studies have stated the involvement of SP/NK1R in neurogenic inflammation in AP development, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that following activation of NK1R by SP, β-arrestin1, a scaffold protein of NK1R, down-regulated transcription of Adss, Adsl, and Ampd in the purine nucleotide cycle, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial function through fumarate depletion. Interestingly, we identified magnolol as a new and natural NK1R inhibitor with a non-nitrogenous biphenyl core structure. It exhibited a beneficial effect on AP by restoring purine nucleotide cycle metabolic enzymes and fumarate levels. Our study not only provides new therapeutic strategies, leading compounds, and drug translation possibilities for AP, but also provides important clues for the study of downstream mechanisms driven by SP in other diseases.

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Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study. METHODS: Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province. RESULTS: The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE. CONCLUSION Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.
Humans ; Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Male ; Propensity Score ; Female ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Gastroenteritis/virology* ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Rotavirus

Objective To investigate the efficacy of an interpretable integrated learning model combining clinical indicators,CT image features and radiomics features for the differential diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,so as to provide references for clincal treatment decisions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and imaging data from 220 patients(231 lesions)with primary non-small cell lung cancer at Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing(Center 1)and 83 patients(84 lesions)at Chongqing General Hospital(Center 2).In Center 1,the squamous cell carcinoma group consisted of 60 patients(60 lesions),while the adenocarcinoma group included 160 patients(171 lesions).In Center 2,the squamous cell carcinoma group comprised 18 patients(18 lesions),and the adenocarcinoma group involved 65 patients(66 lesions).The patients were categorized into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups based on pathological findings.Center 1 was randomly partitioned into a training set and a validation set at a 7∶3 ratio,while Center 2 served as the independent test set.Firstly,a deep learning model,VB-Net,was used to automatically segment the tumor region on the lung window image;secondly,the SMOTE(synthetic minority oversampling technique)method was used to balance the categories in the training set and standardize the extracted features with Z-scores;thirdly,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to select the optimal radiomics features and calculate the radiomics score(Radscore),and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to screen clinical indicators and independent clinical factors for differentiating lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in CT image features;finally,three ensemble learning algorithms(AdaBoost,Bagging decision tree and XGBoost)were used to combine independent clinical factors and Radscore to construct the model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the models.SHAP technique was used to analyze the feature contribution and model decision-making process.Results Among the evaluated ensemble models,AdaBoost and Bagging decision trees demonstrated overfitting tendencies.In contrast,the XGBoost model showed the best performance,achieving AUC values of 0.939,0.887 and 0.853 in the training,validation and independent test sets,respectively.SHAP indicated that Radscore was the most important feature affecting the performance of the model.The decision diagram enabled the visualization of the diagnostic process of the model.Conclusion The interpretable integrated learning model based on clinical indicators,CT image and radiomics features is expected to non-invasively diagnose lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma before treatment and assist clinicians make treatment decisions as early as possible.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):12-20]

Objective:This study systematically summarized the construction experience of the immunology platform at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research-oriented hospitals in building high-quality research platforms.Methods:This study employed case study analysis to elaborate on the platform development initiatives, integrating literature analysis and in-depth interviews to conduct a horizontal comparison of management models among peer research platforms.Results:Through five years of development, the platform had achieved remarkable outcomes via a model integrating ″Talent cultivation-Technological innovation-Equipment procurement″ Research talents had demonstrated breakthroughs in securing national-level research grants, publishing high-impact papers, and obtaining scientific awards. The technical service system had achieved enhancement in both service scope and professional depth, fostering robust interdisciplinary synergy. The platform had effectively expanded its societal engagement capacity.Conclusions:The sustainable advancement of research-oriented hospital immunology platform necessitates establishing standardized flow cytometry databases and implementing high-dimensional data integration. Building upon multidisciplinary convergence, it is imperative to pioneer innovative operational mechanisms characterized by efficiency, open-access, and shared frameworks.

Objective:To explore the perioperative safety and postoperative efficacy of prophylactic jejunal nutrition tube placement during early gastric body cancer pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG).Methods:The clinical data of 29 gastric cancer patients treated by Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males (58.6%) and 12 females (41.4%), aged from 43 to 74 years, with an average age of (58.9 ± 8.3) years, and an average body mass index (BMI) of (24.3 ± 3.0) kg/m 2. According to the type of catheterization, all cases were divided into jejunal nutrition tube group ( n=12) and gastric tube group( n=17). The main outcome was the incidence of delayed gastric emptying within one month after surgery in both groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS26.0 software. Results:Patients in the jejunal feeding tube group resumed oral liquid intake, soft diet and regular diet significantly earlier postoperatively compared to those in the gastric tube group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conversely, the time to removal of the tube was significantly earlier in the gastric tube group than in the jejunal feeding tube group ( P<0.05). However, the proportion of patients requiring reinsertion of a gastric or jejunal feeding tube postoperatively was significantly higher in the gastric tube group (7 cases) compared to the jejunal feeding tube group (0 case) ( P<0.05). In the jejunal feeding tube group, there were 4 cases occurred DGE, in the gastric tube group, there were 8 cases occurred DGE. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in either the overall incidence of DGE or the distribution of DGE severity grades. On postoperative 7th day , the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System (GOOSS) grade was significantly better in the jejunal feeding tube group than in the gastric tube group ( P<0.05), and all patients in the jejunal feeding tube group had resumed liquid intake, compared to only 58.8% in the gastric tube group. Conclusions:Compared with gastric tube placement, intraoperative prophylactic jejunal feeding tube placement for PPG has significant advantages in perioperative safety and postoperative recovery, but large-sample prospective studies are still needed for further verification.

This study aimed to compare the ameliorative effects of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios on retinal damage in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A retinal injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate(NaIO_3) solution. The mice were divided into the following groups: blank group, model group, positive drug(AREDS 2) group, low-and high-dose groups of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at 1∶1, low-and high-dose groups at 3∶1, and low-and high-dose groups at 1∶3. Administration was carried out 15 days after modeling. The visual acuity of the mice was assessed using the black-and-white box test. The fundus was observed using an optical coherence tomography device, and retinal thickness was measured. HE staining was used to observe the morphology and pathological changes of the retina. The levels of oxidative factors in serum and ocular tissues were measured using assay kits. The levels of inflammatory factors in serum and ocular tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NF-κB proteins in ocular tissues was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that after administration of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios, the model group showed improved retinal thinning and disordered arrangement of retinal layers, elevated content of SOD and GSH in the serum and ocular tissues, and reduced levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at 1∶1 and 1∶3 showed better improvement effects. The combination significantly upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65. These results indicate that Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios can improve retinal damage, reduce oxidative stress, and alleviate inflammation in both the body and ocular tissues of mice. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in ocular tissues. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos in the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration.
Animals ; Mice ; Retina/injuries* ; Male ; Lycium/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Chrysanthemum/chemistry* ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Humans ; Retinal Diseases/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics*