The diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases, with the diagnostic criteria as main technical basis, has always been one of the emphases of China's occupational health work. This study compared the diagnostic standards for occupational radiation diseases between China and the International Labour Organization (ILO) across three aspects—types, classifications/grades, and diagnostic dose requirements—categorizing the diseases into tissue reactions and stochastic effects. ① For tissue reactions, 8 types are included both in China and ILO standards, 13 unique to China's standards, and 4 unique to the ILO standards; significant differences exist in classifaton/grading; China's standards are either consistent with or stricter (i.e., requiring higher diagnostic dose values) than the ILO standards. ② For stochastic effects (radiation-induced cancer), 12 types were included in both standards; China's standards provide more comprehensive coverage for certain malignancies (e.g., bone cancer); while 5 types were unique to the ILO standards have, some (e.g. salivary gland cancer) are primarily observed in non-occupational populations. Overall, China’s standards include more disease types and maintain more stringent diagnostic dose requirements. However, specific discrepancies require further deliberation during future revisions. Finally, based on these results, recommendations were provided for basic research and the evaluation of Chinese diagnostic criteria.

The diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases, with the diagnostic criteria as main technical basis, has always been one of the emphases of China's occupational health work. This study compared the diagnostic standards for occupational radiation diseases between China and the International Labour Organization (ILO) across three aspects—types, classifications/grades, and diagnostic dose requirements—categorizing the diseases into tissue reactions and stochastic effects. ① For tissue reactions, 8 types are included both in China and ILO standards, 13 unique to China's standards, and 4 unique to the ILO standards; significant differences exist in classifaton/grading; China's standards are either consistent with or stricter (i.e., requiring higher diagnostic dose values) than the ILO standards. ② For stochastic effects (radiation-induced cancer), 12 types were included in both standards; China's standards provide more comprehensive coverage for certain malignancies (e.g., bone cancer); while 5 types were unique to the ILO standards have, some (e.g. salivary gland cancer) are primarily observed in non-occupational populations. Overall, China’s standards include more disease types and maintain more stringent diagnostic dose requirements. However, specific discrepancies require further deliberation during future revisions. Finally, based on these results, recommendations were provided for basic research and the evaluation of Chinese diagnostic criteria.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has emerged as a significant modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with mounting evidence demonstrating its multifaceted role in accelerating AD pathogenesis through diverse molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms. SD is refined within the broader spectrum of sleep-wake and circadian disruption, emphasizing that both acute total sleep loss and chronic sleep restriction destabilize the homeostatic and circadian processes governing glymphatic clearance of neurotoxic proteins. During normal sleep, concentrations of interstitial Aβ and tau fall as cerebrospinal fluid oscillations flush extracellular waste; SD abolishes this rhythm, causing overnight rises in soluble Aβ and tau species in rodent hippocampus and human CSF. Orexinergic neurons sustain arousal, and become hyperactive under SD, further delaying sleep onset and amplifying Aβ production. At the molecular level, SD disrupts Aβ homeostasis through multiple converging pathways, including enhanced production via beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) upregulation, coupled with impaired clearance mechanisms involving the glymphatic system dysfunction and reduced Aβ-degrading enzymes (neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme). Cellular and histological analyses revealed that these proteinopathies are significantly exacerbated by SD-induced neuroinflammatory cascades characterized by microglial overactivation, astrocyte reactivity, and sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) through NF‑κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of neurotoxicity. The synaptic and neuronal consequences of chronic SD are particularly profound and potentially irreversible, featuring reduced expression of critical synaptic markers (PSD95, synaptophysin), impaired long-term potentiation (LTP), dendritic spine loss, and diminished neurotrophic support, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) depletion, which collectively contribute to progressive cognitive decline and memory deficits. Mechanistic investigations identify three core pathways through which SD exerts its neurodegenerative effects: circadian rhythm disruption via BMAL1 suppression, orexin system hyperactivity leading to sustained wakefulness and metabolic stress, and oxidative stress accumulation through mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species overproduction. The review critically evaluates promising therapeutic interventions including pharmacological approaches (melatonin, dual orexin receptor antagonists), metabolic strategies (ketogenic diets, and Mediterranean diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids), lifestyle modifications (targeted exercise regimens, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia), and emerging technologies (non-invasive photobiomodulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation). Current research limitations include insufficient understanding of dose-response relationships between SD duration/intensity and AD pathology progression, lack of long-term longitudinal clinical data in genetically vulnerable populations (particularly APOE ε4 carriers and those with familial AD mutations), the absence of standardized SD protocols across experimental models that accurately mimic human chronic sleep restriction patterns, and limited investigation of sex differences in SD-induced AD risk. The accumulated evidence underscores the importance of addressing sleep disturbances as part of multimodal AD prevention strategies and highlights the urgent need for clinical trials evaluating sleep-focused interventions in at-risk populations. The review proposes future directions focused on translating mechanistic insights into precision medicine approaches, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to identify SD-vulnerable individuals, chronotherapeutic strategies aligned with circadian biology, and multi-omics integration across sleep, proteostasis and immune profiles may delineate precision-medicine strategies for at-risk populations. By systematically examining these critical connections, this analysis positions sleep quality optimization as a viable strategy for AD prevention and early intervention while providing a comprehensive roadmap for future mechanistic and interventional research in this rapidly evolving field.

Aim To investigate the effect of triptolide(TP)on corticosterone(CORT)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice and explore the antidepressant mechanism of TP based on the CREB/BDNF/TrkB sig-naling pathway.Methods Sixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups:control group,CORT group,TP groups of low and high doses(10,30 μg·kg-1),and fluoxetine(FLU)group(10 mg·kg-1).Except for the control group,the other groups received subcutaneous injec-tions of CORT for three consecutive weeks to establish the model of depression.During the last two weeks of modeling,normal saline,TP and FLU were adminis-tered via intraperitoneal injection respectively.After the administration,depression-like behaviors in mice were assessed using forced swimming test,tail suspen-sion test,and sucrose preference test.Biochemical methods were used to measure the levels of SOD and MDA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex(PFC).Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL meth-od.Immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and Western blotting were employed to detect the expres-sion of apoptosis/autophagy-related proteins,synaptic structure markers,and proteins related to the CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.Results TP signifi-cantly ameliorated CORT-induced depression-like be-haviors in mice,mainly manifested by reduced immo-bility time in the tail suspension test and forced swim-ming test,and increased sucrose preference rate.TP alleviated CORT-induced oxidative stress by increasing SOD levels and reducing MDA production in brain tis-sue.Additionally,TP also inhibited apoptosis and ex-cessive autophagy of neurons in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex,maintained synaptic plasticity,and significantly upregulated the expression of p-CREB,BDNF,and TrkB.Conclusions TP exhibits potential antidepressant effect in mice by upregulating the CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway,reducing oxida-tive stress,inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis and autophagy,and improving synaptic plasticity.

Aim To explore the mechanism of baicalin combined with heat stimulation in treating acute lym-phoblastic leukemia(ALL)based on network pharma-cology and in vitro experiments.Methods The CCK-8 assay was used to screen the suitable conditions for heat stimulation to interfere ALL cell lines Jurkat,CCRF-CEM,Hut-78 and a normal lymphocyte HMy2.CIR,and the effects of baicalin combined with heat stimulation on the proliferation of three ALL cell lines and a normal lymphocyte were tested.The key targets of baicalin combined with fever stimulation for the treatment of ALL were obtained based on network phar-macological analysis,and the potential mechanisms were predicted by gene ontology(GO)annotation and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)en-richment.The expression levels of TNF-α,AKT1,TYMS and CASP3 mRNA in ALL cell lines Jurkat and CCRF-CEM were examined by RT-qPCR with baicalin alone and baicalin combined with heat stimulation.Results The optimal conditions for heat stimulation to intervene ALL cells were 41 ℃ for 24 h,and heat stimulation combined with baicalin synergistically inhibited the growth of ALL cell lines and effectively reduced the cy-totoxicity of baicalin.Based on the network pharmaco-logical analysis,55 intersecting targets of baicalin with ALL diseases and 77 intersecting targets of baicalin with fever were obtained.The results of GO annotation and KEGG enrichment suggested that baicalin com-bined with fever stimulation to intervene ALL might be associated with influencing intracellular reactive oxygen species metabolism,DNA transcription and apoptotic processes involved in cysteine enzymes.Apoptosis,TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways were the key pathways for baicalin combined with heat stimulation in treating ALL.Under heat stimulation at 41 ℃ using SDHA gene as housekeeping gene,in vitro experiments showed that baicalin significantly up-regulated the expression of TNF-α and CASP3,and down-regulated the expression of TYMS in ALL cells.Conclusions Based on net-work pharmacologic analyses and in vitro experiments,baicalin combined with heat stimulation can regulate TNF-α and CASP3 gene levels in ALL cells and de-stroy cellular structure to promote cell apoptosis,thus synergistically treating ALL.

To investigate the phenotype and genomic characterization of a mucoid-type Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 isolate from a urinary tract infection patient,promoting clinical diagnosis and treatment for urinary tract infections caused by Salmo-nella spp.Culture-based quantitative counts of midstream urine sample from the patient were conducted,and further biochemi-cal identification,mass spectrometry detection,serum agglutination test and antimicrobial susceptibility test(AST)were con-ducted on Salmonella isolate(2024JD5).Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on isolate 2024JD5 to predict sero-type,multilocus sequence type(MLST),resistance genes,and virulence genes.Two smooth-type of Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 were selected as comparative genomic reference strains from the Chinese local Salmonella genome database.The literature reviews of global Salmonella serotype of urinary tract infection were summarized.Specific serum agglutination confir-mation of isolate 2024JD5 failed due to characterization of the mucus type.The strain 2024JD5 was predicted as Salmonella Saintpaul(4,5,12:e,h:1,2)ST50 using WGS,and was resistant to ciprofloxacin,nalidixic acid,chloramphenicol and tetracy-cline with carrying aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6')-Ⅰaa and aph(3)-Ⅱa,chloramphenicol resistance gene floR,tetra-cycline resistance gene tet,quinolone resistance gene qnrS1,and S83Y substitution in the gyrA gene was found in the quinolo-ne resistance determination region(QRDR).In addition,the strain 2024JD4 carried six types of non-plasmid-based mobile ge-netic elements and 144 virulence genes,including 71 secretion transporter genes and 58 fimbriae adhesion genes,respectively.Four types of fimbriae regulatory genes(csgB,csgC,fimW,fimY)were absent in comparison with smooth-type Salmonella Saintpaul.The literature reviews showed Salmonella Saintpaul was currently a rare Salmonella serotype in cases of urinary tract infections worldwide.Salmonella Saintpaul ST50 with mucoid-type is the pathogen of urinary tract infection with multi-drug resistant phenotypic and genotypic characteristics,and the high mucoid expression may be related to the compensatory mechanism of fimbriae regulatory genes absence in urinary tract colonization and adaptation.WGS combined with the Chinese local Salmonella genome database can effectively solve the diagnosis and biosafety assessments of rare Salmonella phenotypes.

Objective:To explore the effect of empowerment-authorized health management on the rehabilitation,self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS)after per-cutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 100 NSTE-ACS patients ad-mitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2021 and June 2023.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=50,routine nursing)and intervention group(n=50,empowerment-authorized health management).Both groups were intervened for 6 months.The scores of heart health self-efficacy and self-man-agement(HH-SESM)scale,China questionnaire of quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases(CQQC),cardi-ac function indexes,serum levels of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and cardiac troponin I(cTnI),6min walking distance(6MWD),satisfaction and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Re-sults:Compared to patients in the control group after nursing,those in the intervention group had significant higher HH-SESM total score[(79.34±6.18)points vs.(62.33±6.17)points],CQQC total score[(116.24±7.13)points vs.(83.27±7.11)points],left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(59.32±4.36)％vs.(51.22±4.63)％],6min walk-ing distance(6MWD)[(363.61±12.51)m vs.(299.13±13.54)m]and satisfaction(86.96％vs.68.09％)(P＜0.05 or＜0.01),and significant lower left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESd)[(32.44±3.91)mm vs.(39.25±3.61)mm],left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd)[(41.23±4.18)mm vs.(46.17±5.41)mm],NT-proBNP[(6.16±1.58)pg/ml vs.(12.51±3.27)pg/ml]and cTnI[(2.65±0.62)ng/ml vs.(5.60±1.81)ng/ml](P＜0.001 all).The incidence of adverse events in the intervention group(4.35％)was significantly lower than that of control group(19.15％,P=0.027).Conclusion:Empowerment-authorized health management mode was beneficial to the recovery of cardiac function and significantly improved self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with non-ST-segment elevation a-cute coronary syndrome.

Objective:To explore the effect of early cardiac rehabilitation strategies on functional prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)who received coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods:A total of 158 ACS patients who underwent CABG in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between Jan-uary 2022 and December 2023 were included in this randomized control trial.Participants were randomly divided in-to early cardiac rehabilitation group(n=79)and control group(n=79).Patients in the control group received con-ventional nursing measures,while those in the early rehabilitation group received additional early cardiac rehabilita-tion strategies.Both groups were continuously intervened for 1 month.We compared the changes in cardiac function[left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and 6-miniute walk distance(6MWD)],myocardial injury markers[cardiac troponin I(cTnI),N-terminal pro brain natriuretic pep-tide(NT-proBNP)and cystatin C(CysC)],quality of life[China questionnaire of quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases(CQQC)score],ability of daily living(ADL)score,and incidence of major adverse cardio-vascular events(MACE)during the intervention period between two groups.Results:Compared to participants in the control group,those in the early rehabilitation group had significantly higher LVEF[(53.31±1.73)％vs.(52.09±1.72)％,P＜0.001],6MWD[(407.60±25.00)m vs.(395.17±19.20)m,P＜0.001],CQQC score[(84.75±8.44)points vs.(75.98±7.60)points,P＜0.001]and ADL score[(88.67±2.58)points vs.(78.87±3.05)points,P＜0.001],and significantly lower LVEDd[(47.02±2.28)mm vs.(52.93±2.57)mm,P＜0.001],cTnI[(0.48±0.04)μg/L vs.(0.52±0.05)μg/L,P＜0.001],NT-proBNP[(213.74±23.54)ng/ml vs.(287.26±41.99)ng/ml,P＜0.001],CysC[(0.87±0.08)mg/L vs.(1.06±0.10)mg/L,P＜0.001]and in-cidence of MACE(9.21％vs.24.32％,P=0.013).Conclusion:Early cardiac rehabilitation strategy may improve cardiac function and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome who received coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective:This paper investigates residents'awareness and preference for Traditional Chinese Medicine intelligent diagnostic device(hereinafter referred to as the device),and provides basis and suggestions for further promoting the integrated development of artificial intelligence and traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis.Method:A random sampling survey was conducted,and a Discrete Choice Experiment was designed to conduct an offline survey in Beijing.Use chi square test,count analysis,and conditional Logit model for data analysis.Result:A total of 480 valid questionnaires were collected and surveyed.Most respondents have heard of it(58.96%),a few have used it(31.67%),and most would recommend the device(71.25%).Knowing and using experience will increase the probability of recommendation.Residents attach the highest importance to annual average expenses;More inclined to use devices in the community that can see family data,connect data and hospitals,monitor electrocardiogram,provide comprehensive health reports,and have low annual costs;Willing to pay an additional 572 yuan per year for the comprehensive health report device.Conclusion:There should be more collaboration with hospitals in usage scenarios and cloud data.In addition,manufacturers should enrich output information and service methods of the e.

Aim To perform high-throughput screen-ing of immunomodulatory traditional Chinese medicine(TCMs)based on an in vitro B cell differentiation-antibody secretion model,identifying active herbal candidates with immune-enhancing properties to pro-vide novel therapeutic options and theoretical support for influenza virus treatment in immunocompromised in-dividuals.Methods B cells were stimulated with dif-ferent concentrations of cytosine-phosphate-guanine oli-godeoxynucleotide 2006(CpG)and nterleukin-2(IL-2)to promote proliferation,differentiation,and anti-body secretion,and the effects of varying concentra-tions of the solvent DMSO were also evaluated.The op-timal conditions for the B cell differentiation-anti-body secretion model were determined based on the se-cretion levels of three antibody isotypes.The feasibility of the model was further validated using rapamycin,a known B cell function inhibitor.On this basis,a high-throughput screening platform for immunomodulatory a-gents was optimized and established.Subsequently,the immune-enhancing activity of 465 polarity extract from TCMs was evaluated.Results The optimal con-ditions for the model were determined as 2 mg·L-1 CpG,1.67 × 106 nkat·L-1 IL-2,and DMSO with a volume fraction of 0.1％.Rapamycin effectively inhib-ited B cell differentiation into plasmablast and signifi-cantly reduced antibody production,indicating the reli-ability of the model.Multiple rounds of screening re-vealed that the dichloromethane extract of licorice,the dichloromethane extract of Vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma,the cyclohexane extract of Honey-prepared Radix Asteris,and the aqueous extract of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth were identified to significantly promote both B cell proliferation and differentiation and anti-body secretion at a concentration of 600 μg·L-1.Conclusion This study successfully optimizes an in vitro B cell differentiation-antibody secretion model and identifies several TCM extracts,including licorice,with potential immune-enhancing activity.