Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, immune-mediated liver injury of unknown etiology. The onset of this disease involves the activation and recruitment of diverse immune and non-immune cells, which in turn trigger hepatic damage. Immune checkpoint molecules (ICM) are expressed on the surface of multiple cell types. By regulating cellular functional states, they help limit the intensity and duration of immune responses, thereby preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In AIH, however, this natural "braking" mechanism is impaired, leading to aberrant activation of both immune and non-immune cells and the breakdown of immune homeostasis. Consequently, ICM are likely to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AIH. A deeper understanding of the function of ICM in AIH not onlyadvances our insight into the disease mechanism, but also suggests that targeting these molecules may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AIH.

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xixing's clinical experience in treating immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis （CIP） based on the theory of "cough attributed to the five zang （脏） organs". Cough is a common predominant symptom of CIP. According to the theory of "cough attributed to the five zang organs"， drug toxicity triggers cancer toxin， leading to disharmony among the five zang organs， and then lung failing to diffuse and govern descent as the core pathogenesis. Therefore， treatment should focus on harmonizing the five zang organs to restore the normal function of lung qi to diffuse and govern descent. In clinical practice， CIP can be classified into four syndrome patterns， including lung yin depletion， deficiency of both the lung and the spleen with phlegm-dampness， liver fire harassing the lung， and lung-kidney yin deficiency. Correspondingly， Chaimai Jinluo Runfei Decoction （柴麦金络润肺汤） is used to nourish yin and moisten the lung； Qigui Peitu Huayin Decoction （芪桂培土化饮汤） is used to fortify the spleen and tonify the lung， resolve dampness and dispel phlegm； Chaidan Shuyu Runjin Decoction （柴丹疏郁润金汤） is used to drain liver and clear the lung； and Dimai Jinshui Xiangsheng Decoction （地脉金水相生汤） is used to nourish the kidney and moisten the lung.

Objective To investigate the development, role, and regulatory mechanism of macrophage efferocytosis in the liver of hosts infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods The expression of efferocytosis-related gene like efferocytosis receptors, efferocytosis-related bridging molecules,“eat me” signal and “don’t eat me” signal was detected in the livers of patients and mice infected with S. japonicum in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Ten wild-type (WT) male mice (6 ~ 8 weeks old, weighing 20 ~ 25 g) were randomly divided into a Schistosoma japonicum infection (SJ) group and a normal control (NC) group, with 5 mice in each group. The efferocytosis of neutrophils and T cells by liver macrophages was detected in mice from SJ group and NC group using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The expression of efferocytosis-related Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl) proteins was determined in mouse liver tissues using Western blotting assay, and the proportion of MerTK⁺ macrophages and the average fluorescence intensity of macrophage MerTK were detected in mouse livers using flow cytometry. Changes in liver granulomas and fibrosis were observed in mice infected with S. japonicum following injection of efferocytosis inhibitors, and S. japonicum-infected mice without injection of efferocytosis inhibitors served as controls. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from macrophage scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) conditional knockout (CKO) and wild-type (WT) mice, and changes in apoptotic neutrophils were detected in SR-A CKO mouse macrophages in vitro using flow cytometry. Then, BMDMs was divided into the WT mono-culture group, the WT and apoptotic neutrophils co-culture group, the SR-A CKO mono-culture group, and the SR-A CKO and neutrophils co-culture group, and the expression of MerTK and Axl was quantified in vitro using Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays during neutrophil efferocytosis. The efferocytosis of neutrophils and T cells by mouse liver macrophages was detected in the SR-A CKO SJ group and the WT SJ group using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay, and the expression of MerTK and Axl proteins was determined in mouse liver tissues in both groups using Western blotting. In addition, the proportion of MerTK⁺ macrophages and the average fluorescence intensity of macrophage MerTK were detected in mouse livers in both groups using flow cytometry. Results Data from the GEO database showed that the expression of some efferocytosis receptors and efferocytosis-related bridging molecules, and “eat me” and “don’t eat me” signals all appeared a tendency towards a rise in livers of patients and mice in the SJ group relative to the NC group, suggesting that S. japonicum infection-induced liver diseases may be associated with efferocytosis. Flow cytometry detected higher proportions of Ly6G⁺ cells [(13.13 ± 0.45)% vs. (6.48 ± 0.25)%; t = 22.30, P < 0.05] and CD3⁺ cells [(7.60 ± 0.33)% vs. (3.30 ± 0.42)%; t = 13.98, P < 0.05] in mouse liver macrophages in the SJ group than in the NJ group, and the expression of MerTK protein [(2.30 ± 0.14) vs. (1.14 ± 0.46); t = 4.19, P < 0.05], the mean fluorescence intensity of macrophages [(160.67 ± 15.28) vs. (94.50 ± 19.61); t = 4.81, P < 0.05], and the proportion of MerTK⁺ macrophages [(20.78 ± 4.17)% vs. (6.85 ± 0.39)%; t = 6.57, P < 0.05] were significantly higher in mouse liver tissues in the SJ group than in the NC group. The Axl expression was lower in mouse liver tissues in the SJ group than in the NC group [(1.25 ± 0.08) vs. (1.93 ± 0.37); t = 2.79, P < 0.05], and the area of granulomas around single eggs [(9.18 ± 1.81) × 10⁴μm² vs. (5.24 ± 1.35) × 10⁴ μm²; t = 3.03, P < 0.05] and proportion of collagen fibers [(25.27 ± 3.99)% vs. (15.14 ± 4.02)%; t = 3.10, P < 0.05] were significantly greater in livers of S. japonicum-infected mice with injection of efferocytosis inhibitors than in mice without injection of efferocytosis inhibitors. The in vitro efferocytosis efficiency of BMDMs [(32.83 ± 3.17)% vs. (45.43 ± 2.34)%; t = 5.54, P < 0.05], and the proportions of Ly6G⁺ [(9.37 ± 0.48)% vs. (13.13 ± 0.72)%; t = 7.50, P < 0.05] and CD3⁺ cells [(4.95 ± 0.17)% vs. (7.64 ± 0.50)%; t = 8.87, P < 0.05] in liver macrophages post-infection with S. japonicum were significantly lower in SR-A CKO mice than in WT mice, and the expression of MerTK protein [(0.65 ± 0.25) vs. (1.96 ± 0.69); t = 3.10, P < 0.05], the average fluorescence intensity of macrophages [(138.33 ± 8.39) vs. (160.67 ± 15.28); t = 3.03, P < 0.05] and the proportion of MerTK⁺ macrophages [(13.17 ± 5.01)% vs. (22.63 ± 2.06)%; t = 3.56, P < 0.05] were significantly lower in mouse liver tissues in the SR-A CKO SJ group than in the WT group. Western blotting detected no significant difference in the Axl protein expression in mouse liver tissues between the SR-A CKO SJ group and the WT SJ group [(0.48 ± 0.07) vs. (0.68 ± 0.30); t = 1.09, P > 0.05]. There were significant differences in the relative MerTK mRNA and protein expression during efferocytosis of BMDMs among the WT monoculture group, the WT and apoptotic neutrophils co-culture group, the SR-A CKO mono-culture group, and the SR-A CKO and neutrophils co-culture group (F = 9.41 and 40.68, both P values < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the relative Axl mRNA expression during efferocytosis of BMDMs among the four groups (F = 13.62, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was seen in the relative Axl protein expression (F = 1.27, P > 0.05). Conclusions Efferocytosis of liver macrophages is seen in mice infected with S. japonicum and inhibits liver fibrosis. SR-A may up-regulate the efficiency of macrophage efferocytosis through regulating the expression of efferocytosis receptors.

Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza A(H3N2) in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, from 2023 to 2025, and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of local influenza. Methods The influenza-like cases and influenza outbreak cases in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Tangshan City from January 2023 to December 2025 were included in this study. The clinical characteristics and epidemic characteristics of H3N2 influenza patients were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods and chi-square test. Results A total of 11 567 influenza case samples were tested in the study, with a positive rate of 9.34% (1 080/11 567). Influenza A (H3N2) remained the predominant circulating subtype throughout the study period. January 2023 to February 2023 marked the tailing end of the previous season’s H3N2. Then, a minor peak dominated by H1N1 occurred from March to June, and H3N2 circulated again from October to December, peaking in December. From September 2024 to December 2024, H1N1 and H3N2 circulated concurrently, with H3N2 as the dominant strain, peaking in January of the following year. From March 2025 to September 2025, influenza activity remained at low level, and activity began to rise in October, with H1N1 peaking in November before declining, and H3N2 becoming the dominant strain in December. H3N2 mainly occurred in the 5-14 years old group. Cases in the 0–4-year-old group were primarily characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, with high fever being common. Cases in the 5–59-year-old group were primarily characterized by systemic and respiratory symptoms, with better clinical outcomes. Cases aged 60 and older exhibited the highest rates of hospitalization, severe illness, and incidence of complications. Conclusion From 2023 to 2025, the influenza virus in Tangshan City, Hebei Province is dominated by influenza A (H3N2). The epidemic is characterized by a peak incidence during autumn and winter, co-circulation with H1N1, and fluctuations during the peak period. It is necessary to pay attention to the clinical management and prevention and control of influenza A (H3N2) in infants and the elderly.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors associated with 90-day mortality in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), with a particular focus on the association between hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation and 90-day mortality after hospital admission.Methods:This study was a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study investigating the impact of colloid versus crystalloid priming solutions on early hemodynamics in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT. The study enrolled intensive care unit patients who received CRRT at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2024 to May 2024. The data were collected including demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, CRRT-related parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, sequential organ failure assessment scores, and vasoactive-inotropic score, etc. The 90-day survival outcome after hospital admission of critically ill patients aged 18-80 years who received continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration was used as the primary outcome indicator. A Cox proportional hazards model analysis was conducted, and the predictive ability of the model was evaluated along with the test of the proportional hazards assumption. The risk factors associated with the 90-day mortality after hospital admission of critically ill patients receiving CRRT were explored, with a particular focus on whether hypotension occurring within the first hour of CRRT initiation was one of these risk factors.Results:A total of 208 patients were included in this study. Within 90 days after hospital admission, 141 patients (67.8%) died, among whom 102 were male (72.3%) and the median age was 61.0 (50.0, 71.5) years; 67 patients (32.2%) survived, among whom 53 were males (79.1%) and the median age was 56.0 (47.0, 68.0) years. The incidence of hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation was significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group [29.8% (42/141) vs. 16.4% (11/67), χ2=4.275, P=0.039]. Moreover, The mortality rate of the group with hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation was higher than that of the group without hypotension [79.2% (42/53) vs. 63.9% (99/155), χ2=4.275, P=0.039]. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival time of patients without hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation [39.0 d (95% CI 23.2-54.8)] was longer than that of patients with hypotension [26.0 d (95% CI 18.9-33.1)], and the 90-day cumulative survival rate after hospital admission of patients without hypotension was significantly higher than that of patients with hypotension (Log-rank test, χ2=5.100, P=0.024). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that serum albumin ( HR=0.964, 95% CI 0.933-0.997, P=0.030), sequential organ failure assessment score ( HR=1.064, 95% CI 1.012-1.118, P=0.015), and the use of mechanical ventilation ( HR=8.272, 95% CI 1.145-59.743, P=0.036) were significantly associated with 90-day mortality in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT. In contrast, the vasoactive-inotropic score ( HR=1.004, 95% CI 0.999-1.008, P=0.079) and the presence of hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation ( HR=1.236, 95% CI 0.833-1.835, P=0.293) were not significantly associated with 90-day mortality in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT. The consistency index of this model was 0.654 (95% CI 0.617-0.691), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.724 (95% CI 0.658-0.800), and the calibration curve showed that the predicted values of the model were well fitted to the actual observations, suggesting that the predictive effect of this model was relatively ideal. Conclusions:In critically ill patients undergoing CRRT, the occurrence of hypotension within the first hour of CRRT initiation was not significantly associated with 90-day mortality after hospital admission. Lower serum albumin levels, higher sequential organ failure assessment scores, and the use of mechanical ventilation may be the risk factors for 90-day mortality in this population.

By establishing a complete data organizational structure,technical architecture,quality control framework,and concept framework,hospitals can effectively regulate data management,data security,and quality monitoring,achieving full-cycle monitoring of data management.Breaking down the resource barriers of data systems,improving the efficiency of data usage and circulation,and promoting the increase in data value.It drives the hospital's scientific research innovation,medical insurance cost control,data value monetization,and the improvement of high-quality capabilities.Through the establishment of a sustainable digital culture and operational philosophy,it integrates data with hospital assets,continuously enhancing the value realization of hospital data in operations,management,diagnosis and treatment,and scientific research.

p120-catenin(p120ctn)is one of the crucial members of armadillo family,which is well known as a core stabilizing factor for vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin).Throughout the entire process of vascular development,p120ctn plays multiple roles.From neovascularization to endothelial barrier,the presence of p120ctn is indispensable.It participates in regulating the normal development of vertebrate embryo vasculature and promoting endothelial cell proliferation.Additionally,p120ctn contributes to the maintenance and remodeling of adherens junctions and can modulate adhesion strength by altering cell morphology.This review summarized the latest research progress on p120ctn from neovascular development and endothelial barrier function.

Objective:To construct an integrated management model for early screening and diagnosis of PCa based on the In-novative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework(ICCC)and the 1+1 contract-based tiered diagnosis and treatment system(TDTS)in China.Methods:Based on the 1+1 contract-based TDTS platform,we conducted PCa screening for the male residents aged 60 years and above during health check-ups in Pujin Community Health Center from January 1,2023 to December 31,2023.For those with abnormal total prostate-specific antigen(tPSA)≥4 μg/L,we promptly referred them to higher-level hospitals for further diagno-sis and treatment via the two-way referral green channel platform and information sharing service using the 1+1 contract model.We further analyzed the relevant data on screening and diagnosis.Results:A total of 4 080 males aged 71.39±5.059 years received PCa screening from January to December 2023.PSA screening was performed in 43.96％of the male residents,revealing 654 cases of PSA abnormality,with a PSA positivity rate of 16.03％,which was higher than that found in the previous large-scale PCa screenings in other regions of China.Among the males with PSA abnormality,292(44.65％)expressed their willingness for medical referral,while the others did not seek further medical attention for reasons of being asymptomatic,low awareness of the disease,no accompany for medical visits,and concerns about further costs of diagnosis and treatment.Prostate biopsy was recommended to 154 cases after further examinations,which was accepted by 92(59.74％).Fifty-eight cases were diagnosed with Pa,and thedetection rate reached 63.04％.Conclusion:The integrated management model for PSA examination-based early screening and diagnosis of PCa using the 1+1 contract-based TDTS platform is plays a significant role in enhancing peoples awareness and knowledge of PCa and improving the early detection rate of the malignancy.

Objective To observe and analyze the clinical efficacy of Hewei Jiangni Formula in treating patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease(NERD)and cold-heat complex syndrome and explore its regulatory mechanism on visceral hypersensitivity.Methods Sixty patients with NERD and cold-heat complex syndrome diagnosed at the Gastroenterology Clinic of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to Decemer 2023,were randomly divided into the Hewei Jiangni Formula group and omeprazole group,with 30 patients per group.The Hewei Jiangni Formula group was treated with Hewei Jiangni Formula and omeprazole enteric-coated tablets placebo,whereas the omeprazole group was treated with omeprazole enteric-coated tablets and Hewei Jiangni Formula placebo.The treatment period was scheduled to last for 8 weeks.The primary outcome indicators(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire(GERD-Q)scale score:response rate,total score,and single symptom score)and secondary outcome indicators(traditional Chinese medicine clinical scores scale)were recorded before and after treatment in both groups.Ten healthy individuals were recruited from the Physical Examination Center of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,as the healthy control group.The expression levels of mast cell tryptase(MCT),protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2),transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1),substance P(SP),calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor(5-HT3R)were recorded.These indicators were then used for the following comparisons:the NERD patients vs.the healthy group before treatment;the Hewei Jiangni Formula group vs.the omeprazole group after treatment;the intra-group comparisons within both NERD groups.Changes in serum levels of these indicators were observed before and after treatment in both NERD groups.Results According to the GERD-Q scores before and after treatment,the effective rate was 90.00%in the Hewei Jiangni Formula group and 86.67%in the omeprazole group,with no significant differences.Both groups exhibited improved symptoms of heartburn,regurgitation,upper abdominal pain,and sleep disorders caused by heartburn or regurgitation(P<0.05);however,neither group exhibited significantly improved nausea(P>0.05).Before treatment,MCT,PAR2,TRPV1,SP,CGRP,5-HT,and 5-HT3R expression levels in both NERD groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(P<0.05).After treatment with Hewei Jiangni Formula or omeprazole enteric-coated tablets,the expression levels of these indicators decreased in both groups(P<0.05).The omeprazole group was superior to Hewei Jiangni Formula in reducing 5-HT3R expression(P<0.05).Conclusion Hewei Jiangni Formula significantly improves the symptoms of patients with NERD and cold-heat complex syndrome,with efficacy comparable to that of omeprazole enteric-coated tablets.It is superior to omeprazole in improving symptoms of spleen yang deficiency,such as loss of appetite,fatigue,borborygmus with loose stools,and cold extremities.Hewei Jiangni Formula reduces MCT,PAR2,TRPV1,SP,CGRP,5-HT,and 5-HT3R expression levels,regulates related signaling pathways,and alleviates visceral hypersensitivity.

Objective To investigate the needs of the main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury following neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the whole process of intestinal management.Methods Nine main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in Jiangsu Province Hospital from January to Decem-ber,2024 were selected with objective sampling method.They were investigated face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews,and the data were analyzed,summarized and extracted by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results Three themes and eight sub-themes were extracted:the needs of professional knowledge and skills standards in intestinal management(lack of intestinal training knowledge,lack of ability to acquire knowledge and different standards of medical institutions);the needs of physical ability and decision making ability participating in intesti-nal training(lack of participation,single decision-making behavior,excessive dependence on medical personnel);the desire for therapeutic benefits and the needs for building psychological confidence(concerns about the pa-tient's prognosis,overdependence on medication).Conclusion Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the actual needs and difficulties faced by the main caregivers of patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the entire intestinal management,and construct targeted training programs,strengthen the skills and knowledge training,to enhance their autonomy and responsi-bility,to achieve the rehabilitation goal better.