Systemic autoimmune diseases represent a group of disorders characterized by loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens, leading to abnormal immune responses and subsequent tissue damage. Typical examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. These conditions are marked by multi-system involvement, chronic progression, and recurrent flares. The pancreas, as a vital digestive and endocrine organ rich in glandular tissue and vascular supply, can also be affected by autoimmune processes. Pancreatic injury often indicates active and difficult-to-control disease, posing a serious threat to patient survival. Due to its relative rarity, diverse underlying mechanisms across different autoimmune diseases, and frequently nonspecific clinical presentations, pancreatic involvement is easily overlooked, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment.This article focuses on the clinical features and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of pancreatic injury associated with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, aiming to enhance clinical awareness and facilitate early recognition and diagnosis of this condition.

Objective:To investigate the value of nomogram model based on CT features in differentiating ectopic pancreas (EP) from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with a long diameter less than 3 cm.Methods:This study was a case-control study. The clinical and imaging data of 43 patients with EP and 90 patients with GIST confirmed by pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from August 2013 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative CT images were analyzed to obtain qualitative features (number of lesions, location, morphology, growth pattern, borders, cystic degeneration, calcification, ulceration, catheter sign, central umbilication) and quantitative features (lesion long diameter, short diameter, long/short diameter, lesion and normal pancreas arterial-phase and venous-phase CT values, and enhancement ratio). Statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, χ2 tests, and Fisher exact tests, were performed to compare CT characteristics between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to obtain independent predictors to identify the two groups, to establish a joint model, and to draw a nomogram. The discriminative performance of the independent predictors and the combined model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, while calibration curves were used to evaluate model fit. Results:The differences in age, location, morphology, border, catheter sign, central umbilication, short diameter, long/short diameter, arteriovenous phase enhancement CT value and arteriovenous phase enhancement ratio were statistically significant between the EP group and the GIST group (all P<0.05). The logistic analysis showed that the differences in age ( OR=0.920, 95% CI 0.885-0.956, P<0.001), border ( OR=5.994, 95% CI 2.111-17.022, P=0.001), long/short diameter ( OR=7.820, 95% CI 1.841-33.224, P=0.005), and venous phase enhancement ratio ( OR=8.847, 95% CI 1.103-70.972, P=0.040) were the independent predictors for distinguishing EP from GIST, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.782 (95% CI 0.698-0.866), 0.684 (95% CI 0.600-0.767), 0.705 (95% CI 0.607-0.803), and 0.693 (95% CI 0.605-0.781), respectively. Combined age, border, long diameter/short diameter and venous phase enhancement ratio were plotted in a nomogram with an AUC of 0.881 (95% CI 0.817-0.945), sensitivity and specificity of 74.4% and 93.3%, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated a strong agreement between predicted and actual probabilities (Hosmer-Lemeschow test, P=0.267). Conclusions:CT imaging reveals significant differences between EP and small GISTs (<3 cm). EP is more likely when patients are younger and lesions exhibit indistinct borders, a higher long-to-short diameter ratio, and greater venous-phase enhancement. The nomogram derived from CT features provides a valuable tool for differentiating EP from GIST.

Objective:To investigate the value of nomogram model based on CT features in differentiating ectopic pancreas (EP) from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with a long diameter less than 3 cm.Methods:This study was a case-control study. The clinical and imaging data of 43 patients with EP and 90 patients with GIST confirmed by pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from August 2013 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative CT images were analyzed to obtain qualitative features (number of lesions, location, morphology, growth pattern, borders, cystic degeneration, calcification, ulceration, catheter sign, central umbilication) and quantitative features (lesion long diameter, short diameter, long/short diameter, lesion and normal pancreas arterial-phase and venous-phase CT values, and enhancement ratio). Statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, χ2 tests, and Fisher exact tests, were performed to compare CT characteristics between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to obtain independent predictors to identify the two groups, to establish a joint model, and to draw a nomogram. The discriminative performance of the independent predictors and the combined model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, while calibration curves were used to evaluate model fit. Results:The differences in age, location, morphology, border, catheter sign, central umbilication, short diameter, long/short diameter, arteriovenous phase enhancement CT value and arteriovenous phase enhancement ratio were statistically significant between the EP group and the GIST group (all P<0.05). The logistic analysis showed that the differences in age ( OR=0.920, 95% CI 0.885-0.956, P<0.001), border ( OR=5.994, 95% CI 2.111-17.022, P=0.001), long/short diameter ( OR=7.820, 95% CI 1.841-33.224, P=0.005), and venous phase enhancement ratio ( OR=8.847, 95% CI 1.103-70.972, P=0.040) were the independent predictors for distinguishing EP from GIST, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.782 (95% CI 0.698-0.866), 0.684 (95% CI 0.600-0.767), 0.705 (95% CI 0.607-0.803), and 0.693 (95% CI 0.605-0.781), respectively. Combined age, border, long diameter/short diameter and venous phase enhancement ratio were plotted in a nomogram with an AUC of 0.881 (95% CI 0.817-0.945), sensitivity and specificity of 74.4% and 93.3%, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated a strong agreement between predicted and actual probabilities (Hosmer-Lemeschow test, P=0.267). Conclusions:CT imaging reveals significant differences between EP and small GISTs (<3 cm). EP is more likely when patients are younger and lesions exhibit indistinct borders, a higher long-to-short diameter ratio, and greater venous-phase enhancement. The nomogram derived from CT features provides a valuable tool for differentiating EP from GIST.

Hepatic hemangioma(HH)is one of the most common benign liver tumors.For asymptomatic HH less than 5 cm,regular follow-up observation is recommended,while for larger or accompanying symptoms HH,surgical resection and interventional treatments are necessary.In recent years,interventional therapies of HH had been widely used in clinical practice.The advances in interventional treatments of adult HH were reviewed in this article.

To establish a medical imaging teacher competency model and evaluate its application value in group teaching for undergraduates.

Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal cancers in the world, has been increasing in incidence and mortality year by year, and the overall prognosis of patients is poor. Early detection and effective treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis and survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients. Unlike traditional imaging, emerging molecular imaging can visualize the abnormalities at the molecular or cellular level in the process of tumor development. At present, multimodality molecular imaging that integrates multiple imaging methods to achieve complementary advantages and multifunctional nanoplatforms with integrated diagnosis and treatment functions have become research hotspots in the field of molecular imaging. Remarkable progress has been made in preclinical research concerning magnetic-optical multimodality molecular imaging probes and their derived multifunctional nanoplatforms, which provides new ideas for early detection, accurate treatment and efficacy evaluation of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To construct a machine-learning model for predicting the progression of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) based on clinical and CT features, and to evaluate its predictive performance in internal/external testing cohorts.Methods:Baseline clinical and radiological data of 200 PCLs in 177 patients undergoing abdominal thin slice enhanced CT examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. PCLs were divided into progressive and non-progressive groups according to whether the signs indicated for surgery by the guidelines of the European study group on PCLs were present during three-year follow-up. 200 PCLs were randomly divided into training (150 PCLs) and internal testing cohorts (50 PCLs) at the ratio of 1∶3. 15 PCLs in 14 patients at Jinling Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from October 2011 to May 2020 were enrolled as external testing cohort. The clinical and CT radiological features were recorded. Multiple feature selection methods and machine-learning models were implemented and combined to identify the optimal machine-learning model based on the 10-fold cross-validation method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn and area under curve (AUC) was calculated. The model with the highest AUC was determined as the optimal model. The optimal model's predictive performance was evaluated on testing cohort by calculating AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Permutation importance was used to assess the importance of optimal model features. Calibration curves of the optimal model were established to evaluate the model's clinical applicability by Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Results:In training and internal testing cohorts, the progressive and non-progressive groups were significantly different on history of pancreatitis, lesions size, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation, thick cyst wall, presence of septation and thick septation (all P value <0.05) In internal testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on gender, lesion calcification and pancreatic atrophy (all P value <0.05). In external testing cohort, the two groups were significantly different on lesions size and pancreatic duct dilation (both P<0.05). The support vector machine (SVM) model based on five features selected by F test (lesion size, thick cyst wall, history of pancreatitis, main pancreatic duct diameter and dilation) achieved the highest AUC of 0.899 during cross-validation. SVM model for predicting the progression of PCLs demonstrated an AUC of 0.909, sensitivity of 82.4%, specificity of 72.7%, and accuracy of 76.0% in the internal testing cohort, and 0.944, 100%, 77.8%, and 86.7% in the external testing cohort. Calibration curved showed that the predicted probability by the model was comparable to the real progression of PCLs. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test affirmed the model's consistency with actual PCLs progression in testing cohorts. Conclusions:The SVM model based on clinical and CT features can help doctors predict the PCLs progression within three-year follow-up, thus achieving efficient patient management and rational allocation of medical resource.

Objective To compare the acute effect of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and moder-ate-intensity continuous training(MICT)on ectopic lipid levels in overweight and obese youth.Methods Twenty obese or overweight subjects,aged 24.15±1.98 years,participated in two crossover random-ized own-control trials of HIIT and MICT.In HIIT,participants performed high-intensity cycling at 85%VO2max for 9 sets of 2 minutes,interspersed with low-intensity cycling at 25%VO2max for 10 sets of 2 minutes each and the session started and ended with low-intensity cycling at 25%VO2max.Howev-er,in MICT,all participants cycled continuously at 50%VO2max for 60 minutes,maintaining a pedal-ing speed of 50-55 rpm,with a 7-day interval between the two interventions.Before,as well as im-mediately,60 and 120 minutes after exercise intervention,all subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans to observe the fat fraction(FF)and spin relaxation rate R2* of the rectus femo-ris,biceps femoris and liver.Results Rectus femoris FF decreased significantly immediately after HIIT and MICT(P<0.05),without significant differences.Moreover,sixty minutes after MICT,rectus femoris FF returned to pre-exercise levels,while 120 minutes after HIIT,the values restored to the pre-exer-cise levels.However,no significant changes were found in the biceps femoris and liver FF before and after the two exercise interventions(P>0.05).Meanwhile,the rectus femoris R2* was significantly lower in both the HIIT and MICT groups immediately after exercise(P<0.05)and remained significantly low-er in both groups 120 minutes after the exercise(P<0.05),with no significant differences between the two groups.Biceps femoris and liver R2* were significantly higher in both groups immediately after the exercise intervention(P<0.05).Liver R2* returned to pre-exercise levels 120 minutes after HIIT group,but remained significantly lower than pre-intervention levels after MICT(P<0.05).Conclusion Both acute HIIT and MICT are effective in reducing intramuscular fat in the working muscles of over-weight and obese adults but have no significant effect on liver fat.Acute HIIT and MICT show similar fat-burning effects,but a single bout of exercise proves more effective for fat loss in the active mus-cles compared to the antagonist muscles.

As the detection rate of pancreatic cystic lesions(PCL)increases,artificial intelligence(AI)has made breakthroughs in the imaging workflow of PCL,including image post-processing,lesion detection,segmentation,diagnosis and differential diagnosis.AI-based image post-processing can optimize the quality of medical images and AI-assisted models for lesion detection,segmentation,diagnosis and differential diagnosis significantly enhance the work efficiency of radiologists.This article reviews the application progress of AI in PCL imaging and provides prospects for future research directions.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown remarkable benefits in the treatment of solid tumors,while the occurrence of atypical response patterns and immune-related adverse events during treatment challenges the accuracy of therapeutic evaluation.Medical imaging is crucial for the evaluation of immunotherapy.It enables the assessment of treatment efficacy via both morphological and functional ways and offers unique a predictive val-ue when being combined with artificial intelligence.Here we review the recent research progress in imaging-based evaluation of solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.