With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical field, the efficient and simultaneous extraction of multiple biological components from biological samples has become a critical process for advancing scientific research. The ability to simultaneously extract various molecular components such as metabolites, DNA, RNA, and proteins is pivotal for multi-omics studies, which aim to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Traditional methods often extract these components separately, leading to challenges such as sample loss, time consumption, contamination, and inconsistencies across different data types. In contrast, simultaneous extraction techniques address these issues by maintaining the consistency of each biological component’s physiological state, improving data reliability and facilitating integration across omic platforms. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in simultaneous extraction technologies, focusing on methods such as methanol/chloroform extraction, TRIzol reagent extraction, and modified Folch extraction, which have shown significant promise in improving the efficiency and integrity of biological sample preparation. These methods offer various advantages, such as reduced sample volume requirements, decreased contamination risk, and enhanced extraction consistency, which are crucial for studies involving small sample sizes or precious clinical specimens. Among these, methanol/chloroform extraction stands out for its simplicity, low cost, and ability to extract a wide range of biological molecules. However, it does face limitations, such as its inefficiency in extracting lipids and potential RNA contamination. On the other hand, the TRIzol reagent method has become a widely adopted technique due to its ability to simultaneously isolate RNA, proteins, and metabolites from the same sample. Despite its effectiveness, the TRIzol method has limitations in RNA quality, especially when handling complex samples or those with high protein content. Modified Folch extraction, which combines liquid-liquid extraction with commercial kits, offers a highly efficient way to extract polar metabolites, lipids, RNA, DNA, and proteins from small tissue samples. This method has proven advantageous in terms of extraction yield, especially for challenging or rare samples, although it requires precise handling to avoid cross-contamination between phases. The integration of automated platforms, microfluidics, and high-throughput systems is another exciting avenue for improving simultaneous extraction. Automation facilitates large-scale, reproducible sample processing with minimal human error, while microfluidics provides high precision in sample handling and enables real-time monitoring of extraction efficiency. These innovations not only enhance the speed and reproducibility of sample preparation but also open new possibilities for single-cell analysis, where sample volumes are often limited, and extraction efficiency is critical. In addition to the technical aspects, the review also highlights the importance of optimizing extraction protocols for specific sample types, such as clinical tissues, plants, and microorganisms. For example, the challenge of extracting multiple components from cancer tissues, where sample degradation and contamination risks are high, can be mitigated by carefully selecting extraction reagents and minimizing sample handling steps. Similarly, in plant studies, where metabolite diversity is vast, the simultaneous extraction methods must be optimized to account for the unique composition of plant tissues, which often include complex secondary metabolites and cell wall components. Looking forward, the development of more efficient and standardized simultaneous extraction methods will be crucial for advancing multi-omics research. There is a growing need for protocols that can be tailored to specific research needs, ensuring both reproducibility and flexibility in diverse applications. Additionally, combining these extraction methods with high-resolution analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing will further enhance the potential of multi-omics studies to provide comprehensive insights into biological systems. As these technologies continue to evolve, their application in personalized medicine, environmental research, and agriculture holds great promise for addressing critical scientific challenges. In conclusion, while simultaneous extraction technologies have made significant strides, several challenges remain in optimizing extraction efficiency, ensuring reproducibility, and reducing costs. Future research should focus on refining extraction protocols, developing innovative extraction reagents, and expanding the scope of these methods to cater to a broader range of biological samples. Ultimately, the continued integration of these advanced techniques will revolutionize the way biological samples are prepared, analyzed, and understood in the context of multi-omics research.

With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical field, the efficient and simultaneous extraction of multiple biological components from biological samples has become a critical process for advancing scientific research. The ability to simultaneously extract various molecular components such as metabolites, DNA, RNA, and proteins is pivotal for multi-omics studies, which aim to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Traditional methods often extract these components separately, leading to challenges such as sample loss, time consumption, contamination, and inconsistencies across different data types. In contrast, simultaneous extraction techniques address these issues by maintaining the consistency of each biological component’s physiological state, improving data reliability and facilitating integration across omic platforms. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in simultaneous extraction technologies, focusing on methods such as methanol/chloroform extraction, TRIzol reagent extraction, and modified Folch extraction, which have shown significant promise in improving the efficiency and integrity of biological sample preparation. These methods offer various advantages, such as reduced sample volume requirements, decreased contamination risk, and enhanced extraction consistency, which are crucial for studies involving small sample sizes or precious clinical specimens. Among these, methanol/chloroform extraction stands out for its simplicity, low cost, and ability to extract a wide range of biological molecules. However, it does face limitations, such as its inefficiency in extracting lipids and potential RNA contamination. On the other hand, the TRIzol reagent method has become a widely adopted technique due to its ability to simultaneously isolate RNA, proteins, and metabolites from the same sample. Despite its effectiveness, the TRIzol method has limitations in RNA quality, especially when handling complex samples or those with high protein content. Modified Folch extraction, which combines liquid-liquid extraction with commercial kits, offers a highly efficient way to extract polar metabolites, lipids, RNA, DNA, and proteins from small tissue samples. This method has proven advantageous in terms of extraction yield, especially for challenging or rare samples, although it requires precise handling to avoid cross-contamination between phases. The integration of automated platforms, microfluidics, and high-throughput systems is another exciting avenue for improving simultaneous extraction. Automation facilitates large-scale, reproducible sample processing with minimal human error, while microfluidics provides high precision in sample handling and enables real-time monitoring of extraction efficiency. These innovations not only enhance the speed and reproducibility of sample preparation but also open new possibilities for single-cell analysis, where sample volumes are often limited, and extraction efficiency is critical. In addition to the technical aspects, the review also highlights the importance of optimizing extraction protocols for specific sample types, such as clinical tissues, plants, and microorganisms. For example, the challenge of extracting multiple components from cancer tissues, where sample degradation and contamination risks are high, can be mitigated by carefully selecting extraction reagents and minimizing sample handling steps. Similarly, in plant studies, where metabolite diversity is vast, the simultaneous extraction methods must be optimized to account for the unique composition of plant tissues, which often include complex secondary metabolites and cell wall components. Looking forward, the development of more efficient and standardized simultaneous extraction methods will be crucial for advancing multi-omics research. There is a growing need for protocols that can be tailored to specific research needs, ensuring both reproducibility and flexibility in diverse applications. Additionally, combining these extraction methods with high-resolution analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing will further enhance the potential of multi-omics studies to provide comprehensive insights into biological systems. As these technologies continue to evolve, their application in personalized medicine, environmental research, and agriculture holds great promise for addressing critical scientific challenges. In conclusion, while simultaneous extraction technologies have made significant strides, several challenges remain in optimizing extraction efficiency, ensuring reproducibility, and reducing costs. Future research should focus on refining extraction protocols, developing innovative extraction reagents, and expanding the scope of these methods to cater to a broader range of biological samples. Ultimately, the continued integration of these advanced techniques will revolutionize the way biological samples are prepared, analyzed, and understood in the context of multi-omics research.

In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

The general models for intermediates quality analysis in the production process of Yaobitong capsule were established by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics, realizing the rapid determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd and moisture. The spray-dried fine powder and total mixed granule were selected as research objects. The contents of five saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the moisture content was determined by drying method. The measured contents were used as reference values. Meanwhile, NIR spectra were collected. After removing abnormal samples by Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MC-UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select feature variables respectively. Based on the feature variables, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and ant lion optimization least squares support vector machine (ALO-LSSVM). The results showed that CARS-ALO-LSSVM model had the optimum effect. The correlation coefficients of the six index components were greater than 0.93, and the relative standard errors were controlled within 6%. ALO-LSSVM was more suitable for a large number of samples with rich information, and the prediction effect and stability of the model were significantly improved. The general models with good predicting effect can be used for the rapid quality determination of Yaobitong capsule intermediates.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36)points combined with Sanhuang Decoction fumigation for postoperative hemorrhoid wound healing and repair.Methods A total of 110 postoperative hemorrhoidal patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,55 cases in each group.The control group was treated by Potassium Permanganate Solution for sitz bath,and the observation group was treated by acupuncture at Zusanli points combined with Sanhuang Decoction fumigation on the basis of the control group's treatment.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 14 days.After two weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups were evaluated,and changes in the anal canal resting pressure,anal canal systolic blood pressure,anal maximal squeeze pressure,as well as the wound granulation tissue,wound area,wound effusion,and wound edema,and wound pain scores of the patients were observed before and after the treatment.The changes of levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin 6(IL-6)in the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Moreover,the total complication rate and wound healing time of the two groups were compared.Results(1)The total effective rate was 96.36%(53/55)in the observation group and 74.55%(41/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the anal canal resting pressure,anal canal systolic blood pressure,anal maximal squeeze pressure of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the wound granulation tissue,wound area,wound effusion,and wound edema,and wound pain scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly improved in both groups(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)The total complication rate of the observation group was 7.27%(4/55),and that of the control group was 27.27%(15/55),and the total complication rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)The wound healing time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Zusanli points combined with Sanhuang Decoction fumigation for postoperative hemorrhoidal patients can effectively relieve their symptoms such as perianal pain and edema,improve the anal function,reduce inflammatory responses and the incidence of complications,promote wound repair.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the evaluation of military physical function(EMPF)system in predicting the occurrence of military training injuries among new recruits to provide scientific guidance and methodological choice for military training.Methods A total of 527 new recruits from 5 grassroots units from July 2016 to February 2018 were selected for the study.The recruits underwent EMPF testing,and their military training injuries were monitored over a 2-year follow-up period.Those who sustained injuries during training were divided into injury group(n=163),while the remaining recruits were placed in healthy group(n=364).The predictive ability of the total EMPF score for training injuries was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC),and the correlation between the total EMPF score,individual test scores,and military training injuries were analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results The total EMPF score of new recruits in injury group(19.52±1.97)was significantly lower than that of healthy group(24.31±1.54)(P<0.001),which also demonstrated a high diagnostic value in predicting the risk of military training injuries,with an area under the curve(AUC)of ROC of 0.971(P<0.001).A cut-off value of 22 scores was found to have the highest accuracy in predicting future training injuries,with an odds ratio(OR)of 25.63,sensitivity of 0.939,specificity of 0.879,positive likelihood ratio of 7.76,and a post-test probability of 0.67.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that 6 EMPF tests,including holding the ball over and leaning back,bending forward and touching the ground with the ball,lunge squat and twist,swallow balance with holding the ball afterward,vertical jump,and respiratory pattern assessment,were negatively associated with the risk of military training injuries(P<0.0001).Conclusion The EMPF system can effectively predict the risk of military training injuries,with military personnel whose total EMPF score is less than 22 being at higher risk of sustaining such injuries.

Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative visit in operating room based on"internet plus"on perioperative negative emotion,sleep quality and stress response of elderly patients.Methods:142 elderly patients who underwent surgery in the Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital from From February 2022 to February 2024 were selected,the patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=71,preoperative visit in operating room based on"internet plus")and control group(n=71,traditional preoper ative visit).The perioperative indicators(heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure),negative emotions[Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS)],sleep quality[Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score],stress response indicators[C-reactive protein(CRP),cortisol(Cor),norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)]were compared between the two groups.Results:Heart rate after intervention increased,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,SAS,SDS scores,PSQI scores,CRP,Cor,NE and E decreased,and the change range of observation group was greater than that of control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Preoperative visit in operating room based on"internet plus"can effectively reduce the negative emotions of elderly patients,improve the quality of sleep,and alleviate the stress reaction through early communication,rich information,convenient,efficient and personalized service.

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and methyltransferase methyltransferase like protein 3(METTL3),key molecules in N6-methyladenosine(m6A)modification,on the replication and proliferation of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV).Recombinant lentiviruses were generated by packaging the FTO and green fluorescent protein into lentiviral vectors.Neuro2a cells,a mouse neuroblastoma cell line,were infected with the lentivirus,and stable FTO-expressing cell lines were obtained through puromycin selection.Successful overexpression of FTO was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy,real-time quantitative PCR,and western blot analysis.When Neuro2a cells overexpressing FTO were infected with JEV,the overexpression of FTO decreased JEV replication in the cells,and increased the expression of interferon(IFN)and related molecules.Additionally,treatment of JEV-infected Neuro2a cells with the METTL3-specific inhibitor STM2457 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in JEV replication and viral protein expression.These findings suggested that lowering m6A methylation levels inhibits JEV replication,thus shedding light on the regulatory role of methylation modification in JEV replication.

Objective To propose a dynamic electrical impedance tomography imaging algorithm based on complementary information fusion network(CIFN)to enhance image quality of dynamic electrical impedance imaging.Methods There were three modules for initialization,multi-frame complementary information extraction and information fusion involved in the CIFN.Firstly,multi-frame dynamic conductivity distribution images were obtained by the initialization module;secondly,spatial complementary information was extracted from the images by using the multi-frame complementary information extraction module;finally,the fusion of lesion target distribution information and target re-reconstruction were realized by the information fusion module to aquire high-quality EIT images.With a 16-electrode multilayer cranial simulation model,the CIFN-based imaging method was compared with Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm in terms of imaging results of types of lesions to verify its performance.Results Compared with the Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm,the proposed CIFN-based algorithm exhibited the lowest mean absolute error(MAE)and the highest structural similarity(SSIM)when used to image different lesion targets,which accurately reconstructed the distribution of lesion targets and gained high imaging stability under common noise levels.Conclusion The proposed CIFN-based imaging algorithm obtains high imaging quality on a cranial simulation model and reconstruction results close to the real model distribution,which provides algorithmic support for subsequent clinical studies on electrical impedance imaging.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):1-6]

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.