The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), whose etiology is influenced by genetic and clinical risk factors, considerably impacts women's quality of life. However, the genetic underpinnings in non-European populations and comprehensive risk models integrating genetic and clinical factors remain underexplored. This study constructed the first polygenic risk score (PRS) for POP in the Chinese population by utilizing 20 disease-associated variants from the largest existing genome-wide association study. We analyzed a discovery cohort of 576 cases and 623 controls and a validation cohort of 264 cases and 200 controls. Results showed that the case group exhibited a significantly higher PRS than the control group. Moreover, the odds ratio of the top 10% risk group was 2.6 times higher than that of the bottom 10%. A high PRS was significantly correlated with POP occurrence in women older than 50 years old and in those with one or no childbirths. As far as we know, the integrated prediction model, which combined PRS and clinical risk factors, demonstrated better predictive accuracy than other existing PRS models. This combined risk assessment model serves as a robust tool for POP risk prediction and stratification, thereby offering insights into individualized preventive measures and treatment strategies in future clinical practice.
Humans ; Female ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; China/epidemiology* ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Adult ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Risk Score ; East Asian People

Congenital orofacial cleft, the most common birth defect in the maxillofacial region, exhibits a wide range of prognosis depending on the severity of deformity and underlying etiology. Non-syndromic congenital orofacial clefts typically present with milder deformities and more favorable treatment outcomes, whereas syndromic congenital orofacial clefts often manifest with concomitant organ abnormalities, which pose greater challenges for treatment and result in poorer prognosis. This consensus provides an elaborate classification system for varying degrees of orofacial clefts along with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. Results serve as a crucial resource for families to navigate prenatal screening results or make informed decisions regarding treatment options while also contributing significantly to preventing serious birth defects within the development of population.
Humans ; Cleft Lip/diagnosis* ; Cleft Palate/diagnosis* ; Consensus ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Female

Objective·To evaluate the effects of anterior maxillary segmental distraction osteogenesis(AMSDO)in treating sagittal maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate(CLP)patients and to report a 3D-printed surgical guide to facilitate the osteotomy.Methods·Twelve patients with CLP who underwent AMSDO were included in this study.Virtual osteotomy was performed in a 3-dimensional model and the osteotomy line were fabricated into a tooth-borne surgical guide by using 3D-printing technique.Lateral cephalograms taken before surgery(T0),at the end of consolidation(T1)and six months after consolidation(T2)were used to evaluate the effects of AMSDO.The accuracy of the osteotomy guide was measured by superimposing the postoperative CT data to virtual planning.Results·All the patients went through surgery without serious complications.SNA and overjet changed significantly both from T0 to T1 and from T0 to T2.ANB,facial convexity,and palatal length changed without significance from T0 to T1 and from T0 to T2.SNB remained stable.All the variables remained relatively stable from T1 to T2.The anteroposterior linear root-mean-square deviation(RMSD)between planning and actual results was 0.90 mm,while the angular RMSD in the sagittal plane was 5.07°.Conclusion·AMSDO is an effective treatment for maxillary hypoplasia secondary to CLP.The accuracy of this 3D-printed osteotomy guide is clinically acceptable,and this can simplify the surgery with fewer complications.

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition and the function of solid excipients in relieving the "nourishing and spleen-impairing" effect of Zhangbang nine steaming nine sun-dying Rehmanniae Radix(RR) by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to collect the data of Zhangbang nine steaming nine sun-dying RR, and UNIFI platform and self-built database were used for the rapid qualitative analysis and identification of the chemical components of Zhangbang nine steaming nine sun-dying RR. The effect of solid excipients on the function of RR "nourishing and spleen-impairing" was investigated by establishing a mouse model of low gastric motility and measuring its gastric residual rate and small intestine propulsion rate. RESULTS The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UNFI platforms identified 76 chemical components in nine steaming nine sun-dying RR, including 9 iridoid glycosides, 11 phenylethyl glycosides, 31 flavonoids, 6 saccharides and 19 other compounds; the results of gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion experiments on mice showed that Zhangbang nine steaming nine sun-dying RR had gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion effects. CONCLUSION This method can be used for the rapid identification and analysis of nine steaming nine sun-dying RR, which has solid excipients Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Amomi Fructus to alleviate the "nourishing and spleen-impairing" function of RR. This study can provide a reference for quality control and elucidation of the material basis of the medicinal effects of specialty beverage of Zhangbang nine steaming nine sun-dying RR.

Objective:To observe any effect of cooling on the amplitude of vibration-induced sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) in human digits.Methods:The middle fingers of 15 healthy adults were either cooled to about 22℃ using an ice pack or kept at about 32℃. A vibrator was applied to the joint connecting the middle finger and the palm vibrating with an amplitude of 2mm at a frequency of 60Hz. The amplitudes of middle finger SNAPs before, during and right after the vibration were recorded.Results:The SNAP amplitude at a given temperature was lower during vibration than before it, but it immediately returned to the pre-vibration level after the vibration ceased. The middle finger SNAP amplitudes at 22℃ were significantly higher than those at 32℃ throughout. The decrease in amplitude at 32℃ (61.7±15.1%) was significantly greater than that at 22℃ (24.1±7.0%).Conclusions:Cooling significantly reduces the effect of vibration on the amplitude of digital SNAPs. That suggests a way to protect the sensory nerves in hand-arm vibration syndrome.

Atractylodis rhizoma is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family,which mainly divided into A.chinensis(DC)Koidz and Atractyiodes lancea(Thunb)DC,with the effects of strengthening the spleen,drying dampness,brightening the eyes,etc.Atractylodis rhizoma is mainly used in the clinical treatment of spleen deficiency and dampness,night blindness,eye fatigue and other symptoms.According to the clinical effect,and modern pharmacological researches have confirmed,the Chinese herbal medicine Atractylodis rhizoma contains a variety of active ingredients,such as volatile oils,alkynes,glycosides,etc.In recent years,pharmacological studies on Atractylodis rhizoma have found that atractylodin in polyalkynes has good activity in anti-inflammation,treatment of bacterial resistance,and inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell migration,and its high biological activity may be related to the conjugated enyne structure.Therefore,this article summarizes the studies on chemical components and pharmacological effects of polyalkynes in Atractylodis rhizoma that have been published in recent years,and comprehensively expounds the research progress of polyalkynes in Atractylodis rhizoma,so as to provide reference for scientific researchers and promote the in-depth development and utilization of the medicinal value of Atractylodis rhizoma.

AIM:To explore the effect of microRNA-184(miR-184)on compensatory lung growth(CLG)af-ter lobectomy in multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC)and its mechanism.METHODS:(1)Lung tissue samples(n= 16)from MPLC patients and patients with good recovery after lobectomy(CLG)were collected,and the expression of miR-184 was measured by RT-qPCR.(2)Human alveolar epithelial cells were divided into NC-mimic group,miR-184 mimic group,OE-NC group,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)overexpression(OE-TIMP-2)group,and miR-184 mimic+OE-TIMP-2 group according to the transfection(n=3).The expression of miR-184,TIMP-2 mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase-14(MMP-14)mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR,and the protein expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-14 was determined by Western blot.The proliferation of the cells was measured by CCK-8 and colony formation assays.(3)C57BL/6J mice were divided into pneumonectomy(PNX)group and PNX+miR-184 mimic group(n=5).The flexiVent system was used to measure the vital capacity and lung compliance of the mice.Lung volume was measured by water dis-placement method,and lung tissue changes were observed by HE staining.RESULTS:The expression of miR-184 was significantly higher in the patients with better recovery after lobectomy(P＜0.01).Overexpression of miR-184 promoted the proliferation of human alveolar epithelial cells and the recovery of lung function in mice after PNX.In terms of mecha-nism,miR-184 showed targeted binding with TIMP-2,and overexpression of miR-184 promoted the expression of MMP-14 by inhibiting TIMP-2,thereby promoting the proliferation of human alveolar epithelial cells and the recovery of mouse lung function after PNX.CONCLUSION:miR-184 promotes CLG after PNX through the TIMP-2/MMP-14 axis.

This study aimed to explore key quality control factors that affected the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Chinese mainland over six years (2015-2020). The data for this study were from 31 provincial and municipal hospitals (3425 hospital ICUs) and included 2 110 685 ICU patients, for a total of 27 607 376 ICU hospitalization days. We found that 15 initially established quality control indicators were good predictors of patient prognosis, including percentage of ICU patients out of all inpatients (%), percentage of ICU bed occupancy of total inpatient bed occupancy (%), percentage of all ICU inpatients with an APACHE II score ⩾15 (%), three-hour (surviving sepsis campaign) SSC bundle compliance (%), six-hour SSC bundle compliance (%), rate of microbe detection before antibiotics (%), percentage of drug deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis (%), percentage of unplanned endotracheal extubations (%), percentage of patients reintubated within 48 hours (%), unplanned transfers to the ICU (%), 48-h ICU readmission rate (%), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (per 1000 ventilator days), catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) (per 1000 catheter days), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) (per 1000 catheter days), in-hospital mortality (%). When exploratory factor analysis was applied, the 15 indicators were divided into 6 core elements that varied in weight regarding quality evaluation: nosocomial infection management (21.35%), compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (17.97%), ICU resources (17.46%), airway management (15.53%), prevention of deep-vein thrombosis (14.07%), and severity of patient condition (13.61%). Based on the different weights of the core elements associated with the 15 indicators, we developed an integrated quality scoring system defined as F score=21.35%xnosocomial infection management + 17.97%xcompliance with SSC guidelines + 17.46%×ICU resources + 15.53%×airway management + 14.07%×DVT prevention + 13.61%×severity of patient condition. This evidence-based quality scoring system will help in assessing the key elements of quality management and establish a foundation for further optimization of the quality control indicator system.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross Infection/epidemiology* ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data* ; Quality Control ; Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data* ; Sepsis/therapy* ; East Asian People/statistics & numerical data*

The prevalence of osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， gouty arthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， and intervertebral disc degeneration is increasing year by year with the growing number of elderly people， and the common clinical manifestations of these diseases include severe pain in different areas， which seriously affects the daily life of the patients. Therefore， how to relieve the pain and reduce the prevalence of bone and joint diseases and improve the quality of life of the patients is a hot spot in the medical field. Studies have confirmed that NOD-like receptor family， pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes， as pattern recognition receptors， are involved in the inflammation， chondrocyte proliferation， osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation， intervertebral disc cell inflammation and scorching， extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis， mitochondrial dysfunction， endoplasmic reticulum stress， and reactive oxygen species damage， demonstrating close link with the development of bone and joint diseases. Chinese medicine has a long history and demonstrates remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of bone and joint diseases. It can mitigate the pathological changes of bone and joint diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes to alleviate the pain， playing a role in preventing and treating these diseases. Therefore， this paper briefly describes the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasomes and the development of bone and joint diseases by reviewing the latest research progress at home and abroad. We summarize the latest studies about the active components， extracts， and compound prescriptions of Chinese medicines in the treatment of bone and joint diseases via regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review is expected to offer new insights into the in-depth research on the pathogenesis and drug treatment of bone and joint diseases and provide a basis for the clinical application of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of such diseases.