This paper outlines the development of artificial intelligence （AI） and its applications in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research， and elucidates the roles and advantages of large language models， knowledge graphs， and natural language processing in advancing syndrome identification， prescription generation， and mechanism exploration. Using spleen-stomach diseases as an example， it demonstrates the empowering effects of AI in classical literature mining， precise clinical syndrome differentiation， efficacy and safety prediction， and intelligent education， highlighting an upgraded research paradigm that evolves from data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches to intelligence-driven models. To address challenges related to privacy protection and regulatory compliance in cross-institutional data collaboration， a "trusted federated evidence-based analysis platform for TCM spleen-stomach diseases" is proposed， integrating blockchain-based smart contracts， federated learning， and secure multi-party computation. The deep integration of AI with privacy-preserving computing is reshaping research and clinical practice in TCM spleen-stomach diseases， providing feasible pathways and a technical framework for building a high-quality， trustworthy TCM big-data ecosystem and achieving precision syndrome differentiation.

This paper systematically reviews the current status of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection， as well as recent progress in clinical and basic research both in China and internationally. It summarizes the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in Hp infection management， including improving Hp eradication rates， enhancing antibiotic sensitivity， reducing antimicrobial resistance， decreasing drug-related adverse effects， and ameliorating gastric mucosal lesions. These advantages are particularly evident in patients who are intolerant to bismuth-containing regimens， those with refractory Hp infection， and individuals with precancerous gastric lesions. An integrated， whole-process management approach and individualized， staged comprehensive treatment strategies combining TCM and western medicine are proposed for Hp infection. Future prevention and control of Hp infection should adopt an integrative Chinese-western medical strategy， emphasizing prevention， strengthening primary care， implementing proactive long-term monitoring， optimizing screening strategies， and advancing the development of novel technologies and mechanistic studies of Chinese herbal interventions. These efforts aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical pathways for the establishment and improvement of Hp infection prevention and control systems.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to conduct a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS） with deficiency of both the spleen and kidney and blockage of toxin and blood stasis with an arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound， by applying the mixed model for repeated measure （MMRM） and the method of stratified composite outcome with win ratio. The analysis includes the assessment of hematological efficacy and the composite outcome evaluation of adverse reactions， so as to more comprehensively assess the therapy of this regimen. MethodsThe MMRM and win ratio methods were used to evaluate the efficacy of a prospective，multi-center，double-blind，randomized controlled study. The blood routine （hemoglobin concentration，neutrophil count， and platelet count） and biochemical indexes （aspartate aminotransferase，alanine aminotransferase，serum creatinine，and serum ferritin） of the patients were detected at the time of enrollment and at the end of each course of treatment in the laboratory department of Xiyuan Hospital. The patients' syndromes at the time of enrollment and after treatment were recorded and scored according to the therapy standard of traditional Chinese medicine for diseases and syndromes. MMRM was used to analyze the blood routine indexes of the experimental group and the control group. This method has the advantages of high data reliability and dynamic efficacy under intervention and time. The win ratio method was used to evaluate the composite outcome of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and biochemical indexes according to the priority and to verify the clinical safety of arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound. ResultsThe results of MMRM analysis showed that the hemoglobin concentration of patients in the group with arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound increased significantly compared with that before treatment in the group，while that in the placebo group decreased significantly （P<0.01）. When compared with that after treatment in the placebo group，the hemoglobin concentration of patients in the group with arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound increased significantly，and the mean difference of least squares （LS） was statistically significant （P<0.01）. When compared with those before treatment in the group，there were no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil count and platelet count in both groups. After treatment，there were no statistically significant differences in the neutrophil count， platelet count， and the mean difference of LS between the two groups. The analysis results of win ratio showed that the group with arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound had a significant advantage in the comparison of composite outcomes，with a win ratio （95% CI） of 2.01 （1.24-3.27） （P<0.01），and that the possibility of "winning" in terms of safety was 2.01 times that of the placebo group. The safety advantage of the group with arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound mainly came from the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，renal function indexes， and iron reserve capacity indexes，and the number of winning times was less than that of losing times in the comparison of liver function outcomes. ConclusionThe MMRM analysis proves that the arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound can significantly improve the hemoglobin concentration of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenia and multilineage dysplasia （MDS-RCMD） of the type of deficiency of both the spleen and kidney and blockage of toxin and blood stasis. This conclusion is not interfered with by time trends and individual relationships and methodologically improves the credibility of the therapy of the arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound in treating MDS. Four outcomes are evaluated by the win ratio method，namely traditional Chinese medicine syndromes，liver function，renal function， and iron reserve capacity，proving that the arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound has the comprehensive advantages of improving the survival quality of the patients and reducing adverse reactions. The win ratio outcome provides clear comparative indexes for the evaluation of adverse reactions，making it easier for regulatory authorities，medical staff， and patients to understand the safety of the arsenic-containing traditional Chinese medicine compound in clinical application.

Accommodative dysfunction, particularly accommodative lag, acts as a core hub connecting near work activity to myopic axial elongation. This review thoroughly explores the multidimensional biological mechanisms by which accommodative function drives axial growth. In addition to the classic pathway where hyperopic defocus signals induce retinal-choroidal-scleral biochemical remodeling, two other mechanisms are highlighted: a biomechanical pathway involving direct mechanical traction on the equatorial sclera caused by sustained ciliary muscle contraction, and a neural pathway where abnormal accommodative micro fluctuations degrade retinal image quality, thereby triggering abnormal ocular growth. Based on these comprehensive mechanisms, this paper systematically analyzes the principles of pharmacological(atropine), optical(orthokeratology, defocus lenses), and vision therapy interventions. Myopia progression results from the integrated regulation of optical defocus, mechanical stress, and neural dynamics. Future myopia control should advance toward precise, personalized combination strategies tailored to individual accommodative and genetic profiles.

Purpose To investigate the patterns of change in the topological organization of individual level gray matter morphological networks in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Materials and Methods The clinical and high-resolution T1 structural image data of 52 ASD children and 69 typical developing children from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange public database were selected.The individual gray matter structural networks were constructed by calculating the similarities of regional gray matter morphology.The global and local topological metrics of individual gray matter networks were analyzed using a graph theory method and compared between the two groups.Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between topological metrics showing significant between group differences and clinical characteristics in the ASD group.Results The verbal IQ was significantly lower in the ASD group compared with the typical developing group(t=-3.151,P=0.002),and no significant differences were found in full scale IQ and performance IQ between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with the typical developing group,the ASD group showed significantly higher global efficiency(P=0.014),lower clustering coefficient(P=0.044)and characteristic path length(P=0.020)of gray matter structural networks.In the ASD group,abnormal nodal centralities were found in multiple brain regions(P<0.05,false discovery rate corrected),including the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral precuneus,bilateral caudate nucleus,right superior temporal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus.No significant associations were found between the abnormal network topological metrics and IQ scores in the ASD group(r=0.069-0.187,all P>0.05).Conclusion Altered topological organization of individualized gray matter morphological networks is found in children with ASD,as characterized by decreased local segregation and increased global integration of networks.The areas with abnormal nodal centralities in children with ASD are mainly located at the brain regions involved in emotional processing,social and high-order cognitive functions.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of endovascular therapy (EVT) and standard medical therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients aged ≥85 years, and analyze the independent influencing factors for poor prognosis of AIS patients after EVT.Methods:Sixty-nine AIS patients aged ≥85 years admitted to Department of Neurology, Xi'an Third Hospital from January 2018 to April 2024, including 40 accepted EVT and 28 accepted standard medicinal therapy, were enrolled. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis of the patients 90 days after onset. General data, prognosis and complications between the EVT group and standard medical therapy group were compared. General data, treatment processes and complications between patients with good prognosis and poor prognosis in the EVT group were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients after EVT.Results:Compared with the standard medical therapy, the EVT group had significantly lower NIHSS score at discharge, greater improvement in NIHSS score (NIHSS score at admission-NIHSS score at discharge), lower mRS score 90 days after onset, higher good prognosis rate, lower mortality rate within 90 days of onset, and longer hospital stay ( P<0.05). In the EVT group, 11 patients (27.5%) had good prognosis and 29 patients (72.5%) had poor prognosis 90 days after onset. Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had significantly higher blood glucose level and lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECT) on admission ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that blood glucose on admission ( OR=2.363, 95% CI: 1.134-4.928, P=0.022) and ASPECT score on admission ( OR=0.273, 95% CI: 0.088-0.854, P=0.026) were independent influencing factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients after EVT. Conclusion:AIS patients aged ≥85 years received EVT have better prognosis compared with those accepted standard medical therapy; these patients with high glucose level and low ASPECT score on admission have poor prognosis.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of modified Jinwei Guben Decoction （金卫固本汤， MJGD） combined with Bailing Capsule （百令胶囊， BC） in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients in the stable stage with qi deficiency， blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome， in addition to conventional western medicine treatment. MethodsA total of 102 patients with stable COPD and qi deficiency， blood stasis， and phlegm obstruction syndrome were included in the study. According to the patients'preferences， they were divided into treatment group （49 cases） and control group （53 cases）. The control group received conventional western medicine treatment， while the treatment group was given MJGD （1 dose daily） combined with BC （2.0 g each time， three times a day） additionally. The treatment period was 3 months， and the patients were followed up for 1 year after the treatment. The acute exacerbation frequency （mild， moderate， severe） before treatment， during treatment， at 6-month follow-up， and at 1-year follow-up was compared between groups. Additionally， the lung function indicators such as FEV₁， FEV₁%pred， FVC， and FEV₁/FVC ratio， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， modified British Medical Research Council （mMRC） dyspnea scale， and the COPD Assessment Test （CAT） scores before and after treatment were compared. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the impact of MJGD combined with BC on clinical efficacy. ResultsFour patients dropped out from the treatment group and eight from the control group， leaving 45 patients of each group for statistical analysis. The number of mild and moderate acute exacerbations in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group during the treatment period， at 6-month follow-up and within 1 year of follow-up （P＜0.05） .The number of severe acute exacerbations was only lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 6-month follow-up （P＜0.05）. Compared with that before treatment， the number of acute exacerbations of all degrees in the treatment group was significantly reduced within 1 year of follow-up （P＜0.05），while only the number of mild acute exacerbations in the control group was significantly reduced within 1 year of follow-up （P＜0.05）. The treatment group showed significant improvement in FEV₁ and FEV₁%pred and FEV₁/FEV， while the control group showed a significant decline in FEV₁ and FVC （P＜0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in TCM syndrome scores， including coughing， sputum， wheezing， chest tightness， shortness of breath， and fatigue， as well as mMRC and CAT scores （P＜0.05）， with the treatment group having significantly lower scores than the control group （P＜0.05）. The overall clinical effective rate of in the treatment group was 93.33% （42/45）， significantly higher than that of the control group， 75.56% （34/45， P＜0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of MJGD combined with BC （OR = 4.68， 95%CI： 1.15 - 19.09， P = 0.03） was positively correlated with clinical efficacy. ConclusionsIn addition to conventional western medicine treatment， the combination of MJGD and BC can reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations， delay the decline of lung function， improve clinical symptoms， and significantly enhance the clinical efficacy in patients with stable COPD and qi deficiency， blood stasis， and phlegm obstruction syndrome.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Jinwei Pingchuan decoction combined with conventional Western medicine on the number of acute exacerbations， lung function， and clinical symptoms in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. MethodsA non-randomized controlled trial was conducted to include 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. Patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group based on whether they received Jinwei Pingchuan decoction， with 30 patients in each group. The treatment group received Jinwei Pingchuan decoction combined with conventional Western medicine therapy， while the control group received conventional Western medicine therapy alone. Both groups received treatment for 7 days. The number of acute exacerbations and lung function indices were followed up and recorded before treatment and three months after treatment. The following outcomes were observed before and after treatment： the number of acute exacerbations， lung function indices （forced expiratory volume in one second ［FEV₁］， percentage of predicted value ［FEV₁%pred］， forced vital capacity ［FVC］， and FEV₁/FVC ratio）， the degree of acute exacerbation， TCM syndrome score， COPD assessment test （CAT） score， modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire （mMRC） score， C-reactive protein （CRP）， and white blood cell （WBC） count. ResultsAfter 3 months of follow-up， the treatment group showed a significant reduction in the number of acute exacerbations compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group had fewer acute exacerbations than the control group （P<0.05）. The degree of acute exacerbation in the treatment group improved significantly compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. After treatment， the degree of acute exacerbation in the treatment group was improved compared to the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding lung function， FEV₁， FEV₁%pred， FVC， and FEV₁/FVC ratio increased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）， and similar improvements were observed in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， FEV₁ and FVC were higher in the treatment group than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding TCM syndrome scores， the scores for individual symptoms such as wheezing， cough， expectoration， chest tightness， shortness of breath， and fatigue， as well as the total score， decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. In the control group， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， fatigue， and palpitation， as well as the total score， also decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group showed significantly lower scores for wheezing， cough， chest tightness， shortness of breath， and the total score than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding the CAT score， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， climbing stairs， going out， activity， and energy， as well as the total score， decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. In the control group， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， sleep， energy， and the total score decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group showed significantly lower scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， activity， and going out than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding the mMRC score， CRP level， and WBC count， all these parameters decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）， and similar reductions were observed in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionJinwei Pingchuan decoction can reduce the number of acute exacerbations and the degree of acute exacerbation in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. It also improves lung function and symptoms such as cough and chest tightness， thereby enhancing the quality of life of patients.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Jinwei Pingchuan decoction combined with conventional Western medicine on the number of acute exacerbations， lung function， and clinical symptoms in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. MethodsA non-randomized controlled trial was conducted to include 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. Patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group based on whether they received Jinwei Pingchuan decoction， with 30 patients in each group. The treatment group received Jinwei Pingchuan decoction combined with conventional Western medicine therapy， while the control group received conventional Western medicine therapy alone. Both groups received treatment for 7 days. The number of acute exacerbations and lung function indices were followed up and recorded before treatment and three months after treatment. The following outcomes were observed before and after treatment： the number of acute exacerbations， lung function indices （forced expiratory volume in one second ［FEV₁］， percentage of predicted value ［FEV₁%pred］， forced vital capacity ［FVC］， and FEV₁/FVC ratio）， the degree of acute exacerbation， TCM syndrome score， COPD assessment test （CAT） score， modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire （mMRC） score， C-reactive protein （CRP）， and white blood cell （WBC） count. ResultsAfter 3 months of follow-up， the treatment group showed a significant reduction in the number of acute exacerbations compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group had fewer acute exacerbations than the control group （P<0.05）. The degree of acute exacerbation in the treatment group improved significantly compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. After treatment， the degree of acute exacerbation in the treatment group was improved compared to the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding lung function， FEV₁， FEV₁%pred， FVC， and FEV₁/FVC ratio increased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）， and similar improvements were observed in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， FEV₁ and FVC were higher in the treatment group than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding TCM syndrome scores， the scores for individual symptoms such as wheezing， cough， expectoration， chest tightness， shortness of breath， and fatigue， as well as the total score， decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. In the control group， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， fatigue， and palpitation， as well as the total score， also decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group showed significantly lower scores for wheezing， cough， chest tightness， shortness of breath， and the total score than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding the CAT score， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， climbing stairs， going out， activity， and energy， as well as the total score， decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）. In the control group， the scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， sleep， energy， and the total score decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the treatment group showed significantly lower scores for cough， expectoration， chest tightness， activity， and going out than the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding the mMRC score， CRP level， and WBC count， all these parameters decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the pre-treatment values （P<0.05）， and similar reductions were observed in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionJinwei Pingchuan decoction can reduce the number of acute exacerbations and the degree of acute exacerbation in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD with phlegm-heat obstruction in lung syndrome. It also improves lung function and symptoms such as cough and chest tightness， thereby enhancing the quality of life of patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of metformin （Met） on liver injury in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） rats by regulating the PI3K/AKT/PDGF signaling pathway. METHODS NASH model was constructed by feeding rats with a high- glucose and high-fat diet， and assigned into Model group， Met low-dose group （Met-L group， 100 mg/kg）， Met medium-dose group （Met-M group， 200 mg/kg）， Met high-dose group （Met-H group， 400 mg/kg）， and high dose of Met+PI3K activator group （Met-H+740 Y-P group， 400 mg/kg Met+50 mg/kg 740 Y-P）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 rats were regarded as the Control group. Each group of rats was orally administered/injected with the corresponding medication once a day for 6 consecutive weeks. The changes in body weight and liver index of rats were recorded and analyzed. The pathological damage [evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score （NAS）]， lipid deposition （calculation of the proportion of oil red O-positive staining area）， and fibrosis （calculation of collagen deposition score） were observed in liver tissue of rats. The levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] in serum and liver tissue， the levels of serum lipid metabolism indicators [total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）] and liver function indicators [aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine Δ 基金项目 武汉市知识创新专项项目（No.2022020801010588）； aminotransferase （ALT）] were measured. The expression levels of PI3K/AKT/PDGF signaling pathway-related proteins and Caspase-3 in liver tissue of rats were determined. RESULTS Compared with the Control group， body weight， liver index， the levels of serum lipid metabolism indicators and liver function indicators， the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and liver tissue， the NAS， the proportion of oil red O-positive staining area， the collagen deposition fraction， and the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and AKT proteins， as well as the expression levels of PDGF and Caspase-3 proteins in liver tissue， were all significantly increased （P＜0.05）. The liver tissue showed severe pathological damage， characterized by an abundance of lipid droplets and pronounced collagen deposition. After the intervention with Met， the aforementioned quantitative indicators and pathological changes in rats were significantly improved in a dose- dependent manner （P＜0.05）. 740 Y-P could reverse the improvement effects of high dose of Met on the above indexes of rats （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Met can improve liver damage， and alleviate inflammatory reactions and liver fibrosis of NASH rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting PI3K/AKT/PDGF signaling pathway.