Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional bowel disorder characterized primarily by abdominal pain and altered defecation habits. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made progress in multiple aspects of IBS research and treatment， including syndrome distribution， development of TCM formulas， clinical efficacy evaluation， external therapies， and psychosocial regulation. However， it still faces challenges such as over-reliance on symptomatic manifestations rather than biomarkers for diagnostic criteria， and the lack of high-quality evidence-based data supporting the efficacy of TCM formulas in treating IBS. This paper proposed that TCM diagnosis and treatment of IBS should adhere to the strategy of integrating the holistic concept with syndrome differentiation and treatment， combining TCM external therapies such as acupuncture， moxibustion and acupoint application）， and emphasizing individualized diagnosis and treatment for psychosomatic abnormalities. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies， artificial intelligence and other methods to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBS and the mechanisms of TCM formulas， so as to promote the standardization and internationalization of TCM in the diagnosis and treatment of IBS.

Hepatic fibrosis （HF） is an abnormal repair process that occurs after chronic liver injury. It is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver， resulting in fibrous tissue hyperplasia， which may further develop into cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Currently， there is a lack of specific anti-HF drugs in clinical practice. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has advantages in the treatment of HF， including multi-component and multi-target interventions with high safety， and can significantly delay the progression of HF. It has therefore become a current research hotspot. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， as a key transcription factor involved in antioxidant stress， can effectively intervene in the progression of HF by activating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes and detoxification genes. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which active components of Chinese medicine （such as flavonoids， polysaccharides， and saponins） and TCM compound prescriptions （such as Haobie Yangyin Ruanjian prescription and Biejia Xiaozheng pills） exert anti-fibrotic effects through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway， including enhancing antioxidant capacity， inhibiting inflammatory responses， reducing hepatocyte apoptosis， improving mitochondrial function， and inhibiting the ferroptosis pathway. In addition， this article points out the current shortcomings in research based on the Nrf2 signaling pathway and proposes corresponding suggestions to promote related studies. It also provides an important theoretical basis for the development of novel anti-HF Chinese medicine targeting Nrf2.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of the transperineal four-hole prostate puncture with conventional transperineal prostate puncture. Methods A total of 91 patients undergoing transperineal prostate puncture at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University during Jan. 2024 and Jan. 2025 were enrolled. Based on the puncture methods, the patients were divided into the four-hole group(n=46)and conventional group(n=45). The four-hole group underwent four-hole puncture, while the conventional group received standardized parallel needle insertion. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, pain score, positive biopsy rate, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss [(7.05±2.48)mL vs.(9.15±3.49)mL] and pain score [(2.33±1.55)vs.(3.02± 1.54)] of the four-hole group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group(P＜0.05). No significant differences were observed in the positive biopsy rate [47.8%(22/46)vs. 46.7%(21/45)] or operation time [(18.83±2.49)min vs.(18.07±1.66)min](P＞0.05). The total complication rate in the four-hole group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group [21.7%(10/46)vs. 42.2%(19/45), P＜0.05]. Conclusion Compared with the conventional parallel needle insertion method, the four-hole puncture technique reduces the intraoperative blood loss, alleviates trauma severity and pain response, and reduces the complication rate.

Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often limited by poor targeting efficiency and significant adverse effects. Nanovesicle delivery systems have emerged as a research hotspot due to their superior biocompatibility and targeting potential. This article introduces the fundamental characteristics and main types of nanovesicles， elaborates on their mechanisms in targeting the liver， deeply analyzes their application potential in the treatment of liver cancer and related research advances， and discusses future challenges and development trends， in order to provide a reference for further research and clinical application of nanovesicles in targeted therapy for liver cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the material basis and mechanism of action of Tuoli Xiaodu San in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） by integrating transcriptomics， network pharmacology， and experimental validation. MethodsNetwork pharmacology was initially employed to screen the active components and potential mechanisms of Tuoli Xiaodu San for treating UC. A UC mouse model was established by dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） induction. The mice were divided into the following groups： normal， model， high-dose （11.3 g·kg^-1） Tuoli Xiaodu San， low-dose （5.7 g·kg^-1） Tuoli Xiaodu San， and positive control （mesalazine， 0.4 g·kg^-1）. Intragastric administration commenced on day 1 of modeling and continued for 7 consecutive days. The disease activity index （DAI） was assessed daily. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe colonic pathological changes. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on mouse colonic tissues， and the results were integrated with network pharmacology findings for in-depth analysis of Tuoli Xiaodu San's potential mechanisms in treating UC. Finally， the expression of key genes and proteins in the identified signaling pathways were detected using Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsThe combined analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics results showed that the multi-pathway network with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway as its core was the key mechanism of Tuoli Xiaodu San in the treatment of UC. Tuoli Xiaodu San administration significantly ameliorated weight loss， diarrhea， and bloody stools in UC mice， reduced the DAI scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered the colonic histopathological scores （P<0.01）， alleviated colon shortening （P<0.01）， and downregulated serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Molecular biology experiments confirmed that Tuoli Xiaodu San significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression， as well as the phosphorylation levels， of PI3K， Akt， and p65 in colonic tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTuoli Xiaodu San can regulate the multi-pathway network with PI3K/Akt as its core through multi-component synergy， thereby reducing colonic inflammatory damage and exerting a therapeutic effect on UC.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) on the malignant phenotype of gliomas and its role in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity. Materials and Methods: The malignant phenotype of glioma was assessed by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, EdU assay, wound healing, and Transwell experiments. We further validated the impact of reduced SLC3A2 expression on the sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioma cells through Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was used to explore how SLC3A2 affects glioma sensitivity to ferroptosis through the AKT/NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in BALB/c-nude mice, we investigated the growth of tumors following the knockout of SLC3A2 in glioma cells. Results: Downregulation of SLC3A2 suppressed the malignant phenotype of glioma by blocking the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. On the other hand, loss of SLC3A2 not only downregulated SLC7A11 but also prevented the activation of the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis. These lead to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, ultimately enhancing the susceptibility of glioma to ferroptosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SLC3A2 is an oncogene in gliomas, promoting their occurrence and development. It plays a critical role in ferroptosis resistance through the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 axis.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of potential suitable habitats for Saussurea medusa under current climatic conditions.Methods The maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model with 125 selected distribution spots data and 9 environmental factors data of Saussurea medusa as input variables for modeling.Quantitative analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of spatial differentiation in the suitable habitat area of Saussurea medusa using geographic detector factor detection and interaction detection tools.Based on land use type data and national nature reserve distribution data,the distribution range of each land use type in the suitable habitat areas for Saussurea medusa,as well as the distribution pattern of high,medium and low suitable habitat areas in national nature reserves were refined.Results Key environmental determinants included elevation,precipitation in the warmest quarter,and solar radiation in April and May.The total potential suitable habitat area spanned 1.33×106 km2,accounting for 13.89%of China's mainland.Grasslands(67.70%),forests(19.19%),barren land(5.90%),snow-covered areas(2.59%)and croplands(2.08%)dominated the suitable habitats,with 34.98%overlapping national nature reserves.Conclusion The results of this study can provide basis for understanding the ecological needs and resource conservation of Saussurea medusa.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution patterns and environmental determinants of Lagotis brachystachya Maxim.,a keystone species in Tibetan medicine("Zhi Da Sa Zeng"),under contemporary climatic conditions in China;To provide references for the sustainable utilization of its resources and the ecological protection of alpine grassland areas.Methods Based on the maximum entropy model,the selected species distribution data and environmental factors were added to MaxEnt 4.3.1 software for modeling.The geographical detector was applied to quantify the factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the suitable areas,employing both factor detection and interaction detection functionalities.Additionally,an overlay analysis with land cover types was conducted to quantify the distribution characteristics of grassland within the potential suitable areas for Lagotis brachystachya Maxim..Results Under the current climatic conditions,dominant environmental drivers included elevation,monthly average temperature difference between day and night,average precipitation in June,wind speed in September,solar radiation in August,average precipitation in May,average precipitation in October,among which elevation demonstrated the strongest explanatory power(q=0.37)in habitat suitability analysis.The model prediction results showed that the potential suitable area for Lagotis brachystachya Maxim.was 5.31×105 km2.Considering the type of surface coverage,the main suitable habitat for Lagotis brachystachya Maxim.was grassland,with an area of 4.34×105 km2.The high suitable grassland of areas were mainly distributed in Qinghai Province(Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture),Sichuan Province(Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Aba Qiang Autonomous Prefecture),Xizang Autonomous Region(Naqu City,Shigatse City,Changdu City),and Gansu Province(Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture).Conclusion This study can provide references for the protection of wild resources and the selection of domestication and cultivation areas for Lagotis brachystachya Maxim..

Objectives:To investigate association of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) with the stroke severity and short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to evaluate the predictive value of NHHR for outcome.Methods:Patients with the first-ever AIS admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 2018 to June 2024 whose etiological types were large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small vessel occlusion (SVO) and cardiac embolism (CE) were included retrospectively. According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, the patients were divided into mild stroke group (≤8) and moderate to severe stroke group (>8). According to the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge, they were divided into good outcome group (≤2) and poor outcome group (>2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was use to determine the independent correlation between NHHR and stroke severity and short-term outcome in patients with AIS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of NHHR for short-term poor outcome in overall patients with AIS and different etiological subtypes. Results:A total of 2 865 patients with AIS were enrolled, including 1 925 males (67.2%), aged (61.00 ± 10.17) years. 2 483 patients (86.67%) had mild stroke and 382 (13.33%) had moderate to severe stroke; 2 161 (75.43%) had good short-term outcome, while 704 (24.57%) had poor short-term outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NHHR was significantly and independently associated with moderate to severe stroke (odds ratio [ OR] 2.251, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.895-2.675; P<0.001) and poor short-term outcome ( OR 3.454, 95% CI 2.936-4.063; P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that NHHR had a high predictive value for short-term poor outcome in patients with AIS (the area under the curve [AUC] 0.764, 95% CI 0.745-0.784), and it also demonstrated high predictive value in patients with various etiological types such as LAA (AUC=0.755, 95% CI 0.730-0.781), SVO (AUC=0.801, 95% CI 0.777-0.824) and CE (AUC=0.797, 95% CI 0.774-0.820). Conclusion:NHHR is significantly correlated with the severity of stroke and poor short-term outcome in patients with AIS, and has a high predictive value for poor short-term outcome.

Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.