Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） with biliary duct tumor thrombus （BDTT） is currently not common in clinical practice and is easily misdiagnosed， and previously， it was often considered an advanced stage of the disease with a poor prognosis， making its treatment challenging. However， in-depth studies in recent years have gradually deepened our understanding of this disease， leading to significant changes in diagnostic and treatment concepts. Currently， comprehensive treatment， mainly surgery， is used for treatment， but there is still controversy over the selection of clinical treatment strategies. This article provides a detailed discussion on surgical methods and prognosis， in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment options.

Organoid technology， a rapidly advancing three-dimensional （3D） cell culture platform， can closely mimic the microarchitecture and functions of human digestive organs， effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell models and animal experiments. By systematically summarizing the distinctive strengths of organoid technology in simulating digestive physiological and pathological states， constructing digestive system disease models， enabling high-throughput drug screening， and facilitating personalized treatment， this review explored the potential applications of organoids in identifying active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulas， evaluating in vitro pharmacokinetics and toxicological parameters， and investigating multi-target synergistic mechanisms. By integrating cutting-edge engineering technologies， organoids are expected to provide a more scientific research platform for TCM， accelerate the modernization of its mechanistic studies， and enhance its scientific value and global impact.

BACKGROUND: China has made significant progress in medical accessibility and quality over the past decades, and quality improvements in gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy have been consistent. The study aimed to describe the status quo of gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy in the Chinese mainland based on the data from the National Clinical Improvement System (NCIS) and the Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS). METHODS: Data were extracted from the NCIS and the HQMS. Data analysis included general information from the Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy centers, management of inpatients and outpatients, and annual volume and quality indicators of digestive endoscopy. Acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease, and cirrhosis were identified as priority diseases and were subjected to detailed analysis. RESULTS: Data from 4620 and 7074 hospitals were extracted from the NCIS and HQMS, respectively. In 2023, 9.6 gastroenterologists, 6.7 endoscopists, and 37.3 gastroenterology beds per hospital nationwide were observed, achieving 19,252.4 outpatient visits, 1615.2 hospitalizations (97.0 for acute pancreatitis, 146.1 for gastrointestinal bleeding, 40.2 for inflammatory bowel disease, and 111.4 for cirrhosis), and 9432.7 digestive endoscopic procedures per hospital. Overall, the quality of practice improved significantly. The proportion of early cancer among gastrointestinal cancers increased from 11.1% in 2015 to 23.4% in 2023, and the adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy increased from 19.3% in 2019 to 26.9% in 2023. Regarding priority diseases, hospitalizations increased, and 31-day unplanned readmission rates decreased between 2019 and 2023. The median hospitalization costs and median proportion of medication costs decreased for acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and cirrhosis. However, it increased for inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSION This report evaluates the status quo and development of gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy in the Chinese mainland, providing guidance for future quality improvements.
Humans ; China ; Gastroenterology/statistics & numerical data* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/statistics & numerical data* ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/statistics & numerical data*

Triple-negative breast cancer is therapeutically challenging due to the low expression of tumor markers and 'cold' tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we present a dual-targeting peptide-drug conjugate (PDC) for tumor inhibition. Our PDC efficiently and selectively delivers cytotoxic Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE) into tumor cells via C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) for synergistic inhibition of growth and metastasis. Our results show that the dual-targeting PDC has potent antitumor activity in cultured human cells and several murine transplanted tumor models without apparent toxicity. The combination of dual-targeting PDC and radiotherapy modulates the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment by increasing CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and attenuating the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor and regulatory T cells. Therefore, our dual-targeting PDC represents a promising new strategy for cancer therapy that rebalances the immune system and promotes tumor regression.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Congenital orofacial cleft, the most common birth defect in the maxillofacial region, exhibits a wide range of prognosis depending on the severity of deformity and underlying etiology. Non-syndromic congenital orofacial clefts typically present with milder deformities and more favorable treatment outcomes, whereas syndromic congenital orofacial clefts often manifest with concomitant organ abnormalities, which pose greater challenges for treatment and result in poorer prognosis. This consensus provides an elaborate classification system for varying degrees of orofacial clefts along with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. Results serve as a crucial resource for families to navigate prenatal screening results or make informed decisions regarding treatment options while also contributing significantly to preventing serious birth defects within the development of population.
Humans ; Cleft Lip/diagnosis* ; Cleft Palate/diagnosis* ; Consensus ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Female

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction(SJZD)on the expression of inflammatory factors and autophagic proteins in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8)mice and its mechanism.SAMR1 mice were used as control group,and 32 SAMP8 mice were divided into model group,donepezil group,SJZD low and SJZD high dose treatment groups.Y-maze experiment was performed to detect changes in mouse memory function;the expression of NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry;the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 were detected by ELISA;the expression of A[3,caspse-1,beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱproteins in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blotting.Compared with the control group,the model group mice showed a decrease in total number of entries and alternations,an elevation in the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,Aβ protein and caspse-1 protein,and downregulation in the expression of beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ proteins.Both donepezil and SJZD(low-dose group and high-dose group)can reverse these changes in model mice.In conclusion,the mechanism of SJZD in treating Alzheimer's disease may relate to the correction of central hippocampal inflammatory factors and autophagy dysfunction.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are widely used to treat osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,and acute and chronic painful diseases.Significant interindividual heterogeneity in the efficacy of NSAIDs has been found in patients,which can lead to treatment failure or life-threatening adverse drug reactions.This review will discuss the causes of the variability in the efficacy of NSAIDs in terms of CYP2C9 enzyme gene polymorphism,cyclooxygenase enzyme gene polymorphism,and differences in the intestinal microbiota,to provide a reference for the development of individualized dosing regimens for NSAIDs.

Atractylodis rhizoma is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family,which mainly divided into A.chinensis(DC)Koidz and Atractyiodes lancea(Thunb)DC,with the effects of strengthening the spleen,drying dampness,brightening the eyes,etc.Atractylodis rhizoma is mainly used in the clinical treatment of spleen deficiency and dampness,night blindness,eye fatigue and other symptoms.According to the clinical effect,and modern pharmacological researches have confirmed,the Chinese herbal medicine Atractylodis rhizoma contains a variety of active ingredients,such as volatile oils,alkynes,glycosides,etc.In recent years,pharmacological studies on Atractylodis rhizoma have found that atractylodin in polyalkynes has good activity in anti-inflammation,treatment of bacterial resistance,and inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell migration,and its high biological activity may be related to the conjugated enyne structure.Therefore,this article summarizes the studies on chemical components and pharmacological effects of polyalkynes in Atractylodis rhizoma that have been published in recent years,and comprehensively expounds the research progress of polyalkynes in Atractylodis rhizoma,so as to provide reference for scientific researchers and promote the in-depth development and utilization of the medicinal value of Atractylodis rhizoma.