The liver performs multiple life-sustaining functions. Hepatic diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma, pose significant health and economic burdens globally. Along with the advances in nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibiting diversiform size and shape, distinct morphological properties, and favorable physico-chemical features have become an ideal choice for drug delivery systems and inspire alternative thinking for the management of hepatic diseases. Initially, we introduce the physiological structure of the liver and highlight its intrinsic cell types and correlative functions. Next, we detail the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of MSNs and their capacity for controlled drug loading and release. Particularly, we discuss the interactions between liver and MSNs with respect to the passive targeting mechanisms of MSNs within the liver by adjusting their particle size, pore diameter, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and surface functionalization. Subsequently, we emphasize the role of MSNs in regulating liver pathophysiology, exploring their value in addressing liver pathological states, such as tumors and inflammation, combined with multi-functional designs and intelligent modes to enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Lastly, we put forward the problems, challenges, opportunities, as well as clinical translational issues faced by MSNs in the management of liver diseases.

Objective In order to provide a scientific and reasonable method for the optimization of drug mix design,the application of PSO-BP neural network modeling after Logratio transformation and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)optimization in the optimization of drug prescription ratio of multi-objective mix design was explored.Methods Based on the analysis of experimental data in literature,after Logratio transformation of experimental data of compound glycyrrhiza microemulsion,PSO-BP neural network model was constructed by taking particle size and skin retention of active components as evaluation indexes,and then NSGA-Ⅱ was adopted for multi-objective optimization of the network.Finally,the optimization scheme in this paper was compared with that in the original paper.Results The fitting effect of PSO-BP neural network using particle size and active component skin retention as output is R2=0.97298 and R2=0.96334,respectively,indicating that the fitting effect of PSO-BP is better,and the fitting effect is improved compared with the Scheffe polynomial model used in the original paper.In this paper,PSO-BP was used to construct the model,and NSGA-Ⅱ scheme 3、4、6、7、10、11 etc.were superior to the original scheme.Compared with the original scheme,the microemulsion particle size was reduced by 3.02nm and the skin retention of the active ingredient was increased by 18.31 μg.Conclusion In theory,it is feasible and reasonable to use Logratio transformation and PSO-BP neural network in the model construction of mixed data and NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm to obtain the optimal ratio of drug prescription.

This article outlines the formulation process of the local standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chronic Disease Management Guideline for Menopausal Women with Emotional Disorders(DB44/T 2547-2024;hereafter referred to as the"Guideline").By analyzing its structural framework and content,this study elucidates the TCM-specific chronic disease management strategies incorporated in the Guidelines,aiming to supply references to the development of similar standards and provide guidance for TCM chronic disease management practices.The development for the Guideline involved a multi-dimensional evidence collection process,including literature review,summary of expert experience,and expert consultations.By employing a multi-dimensional evidence-based approach,the Guideline has effectively integrated diverse evidence sources,and ensures the standard formulation being scientific and precise.The Guideline proposes the requirements for TCM-specific chronic disease management of menopausal women with emotional disorders firstly.By incorporating TCM lifestyle regulation,TCM emotional management,TCM dietary therapy,medication guidance,exercise therapies,and distinctive external treatments,the Guideline has developed into a comprehensive TCM chronic disease management system for prevention,treatment,rehabilitation and health preservation.The integrated approach effectively reduces the recurrence of emotional disorder and enhances quality of life of the patients.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.

Objective In order to provide a scientific and reasonable method for the optimization of drug mix design,the application of PSO-BP neural network modeling after Logratio transformation and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)optimization in the optimization of drug prescription ratio of multi-objective mix design was explored.Methods Based on the analysis of experimental data in literature,after Logratio transformation of experimental data of compound glycyrrhiza microemulsion,PSO-BP neural network model was constructed by taking particle size and skin retention of active components as evaluation indexes,and then NSGA-Ⅱ was adopted for multi-objective optimization of the network.Finally,the optimization scheme in this paper was compared with that in the original paper.Results The fitting effect of PSO-BP neural network using particle size and active component skin retention as output is R2=0.97298 and R2=0.96334,respectively,indicating that the fitting effect of PSO-BP is better,and the fitting effect is improved compared with the Scheffe polynomial model used in the original paper.In this paper,PSO-BP was used to construct the model,and NSGA-Ⅱ scheme 3、4、6、7、10、11 etc.were superior to the original scheme.Compared with the original scheme,the microemulsion particle size was reduced by 3.02nm and the skin retention of the active ingredient was increased by 18.31 μg.Conclusion In theory,it is feasible and reasonable to use Logratio transformation and PSO-BP neural network in the model construction of mixed data and NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm to obtain the optimal ratio of drug prescription.

Objective Based on the"preventive treatment of disease"theory and real-world data,this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Shugan Formula in patients with ovarian dysfunction characterized by the syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression at different stages and to provide evidence for optimizing the timing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)management.Methods Ovarian dysfunction patients under 40 years old characterized by syndrome of kidney deficiency and liver depression,registered in the outpatient electronic medical records of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023,were stratified into three groups:subclinical POI,POI,and premature ovarian failure(POF)groups.The therapeutic outcomes of the three groups of patients were compared,including TCM syndrome total response rates,menstrual total response rates/normalization(cured)rates,base follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)total response rate/normalization rates and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels.Results A total of 307 patients meeting the research criteria were included(97 cases in subclinical POI group,112 cases in POI group,and 98 cases in POF group).The TCM syndrome total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(98.97%,96/97)>POI group(95.54%,107/112)>POF group(83.67%,82/98),with the POF group was lower than that of the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.017);while the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Menstrual total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(97.22%,70/72)>POI group(72.32%,81/112)>POF group(51.02%,50/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017);normalization rates ranked as subclinical POI group(90.28%,65/72)>POI group(54.46%,61/112)>POF group(26.53%,26/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).FSH total response rates ranked as subclinical POI group(89.69%,87/97)>POI group(81.25%,91/112)>POF group(60.20%,59/98),while POF group was lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.017),and the difference of the subclinical POI group with the POI group was not significant.Normalization FSH rates ranked as subclinical POI group(71.13%,69/97)>POI group(53.57%,60/112)>POF group(16.33%,16/98),the differences among the three groups and in the post-hoc comparisons were significant(P<0.01,P<0.017).Compared with before treatment,the FSH levels in all three groups decreased after treatment(P<0.01).The reduction of FSH in the POF and POI groups were better than that in the subclinical P OI group(P<0.017).No significant difference was observed in the reduction of FSH between the POI and POF groups.Post-treatment AMH elevation observed in the subclinical POI and POI groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Formula improves the menstrual conditions and TCM syndromes across all the stages.It also improves elevated FSH levels across all the stages and has a specific effect on normalizing FSH and menstruation.Yangyin Shugan Formula increases the AMH levels of patients with subclinical POI and POI,highlighting the applicability of TCM in staged preventive management.

Objective Based on the real-world data,we aimed to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangyin Shugan(method of nourishing yin and soothing liver)Decoction,an empirical prescription of famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners,in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression.Methods A total of 618 POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression who registered in the outpatient electronic medical record system of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were collected from January 2020 to December 2023.After 1:1 propensity matching,a total of 222 patients with POI who met the criteria were included and assigned to a Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(treated with Yangyin Shugan Decoction only)and a hormone control group(hormone treatment only),with 111 cases in each group.Age,age at menarche,marriage status,duration,times of pregnancy,times of miscarriage,menstrual total score,total score of TCM syndrome,basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were recorded and compared.After 3 to 4 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy between the two groups include TCM syndromes,menstrual,bFSH,and menstrual normalization rates during the follow-up period(3 months after discontinuation of medication)were compared.Additionally,comparisons were also made before and after treatment for the total score of TCM syndrome and scores of individual symptom,menstrual total score and scores of indicator,bFSH level,and AMH levels in both groups.Results(ⅰ)The total effective rate of the TCM syndrome in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and hormone control group were 85.59%and 52.25%,respectively;the total effective rate of menstrual were 54.95%and 90.99%,respectively;the menstrual normalization rate during the follow-up period were 31.53%and 9.01%,respectively;and regarding bFSH efficacy,the total effective rate were 70.27%and 27.03%,respectively,and the normalization rate of bFSH were 35.14%and 9.01%,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅱ)The bFSH value in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group decreased after treatment compared to before treatment(P<0.01),while the bFSH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The AMH value increased after treatment compared to before treatment in Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01),while the AMH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The difference of bFSH and AMH between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅲ)After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the total score of TCM syndrome,scores of hot flushes and sweating,hyposexuality,and insomnia in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01).After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those in the hormone control group(P<0.01).(ⅳ)After treatment,the menstrual total score,scores of menstrual cycle,period,menstrual flow,and menstrual blood color in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the menstrual total score,score of menstrual cycle,period,and menstrual flow in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);after treatment,the menstrual total score and menstrual cycle score in the hormone control group were better than those in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01).(ⅴ)No adverse reactions were observed in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and 29 cases of adverse reactions were observed in the hormone control group.Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Decoction can effectively improve TCM syndrome in POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression;downregulate the elevated bFSH level,increase the low AMH level,and effectively improve ovarian function,even continue to maintain menstruation after drug withdrawal.In the real world,Yangyin Shugan Decoction got satisfactory efficacy and good safety in the treatment of POI,which deserves clinical promotion and application.

Objective Based on the real-world data,we aimed to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangyin Shugan(method of nourishing yin and soothing liver)Decoction,an empirical prescription of famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners,in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression.Methods A total of 618 POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression who registered in the outpatient electronic medical record system of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were collected from January 2020 to December 2023.After 1:1 propensity matching,a total of 222 patients with POI who met the criteria were included and assigned to a Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(treated with Yangyin Shugan Decoction only)and a hormone control group(hormone treatment only),with 111 cases in each group.Age,age at menarche,marriage status,duration,times of pregnancy,times of miscarriage,menstrual total score,total score of TCM syndrome,basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)were recorded and compared.After 3 to 4 months of treatment,the clinical efficacy between the two groups include TCM syndromes,menstrual,bFSH,and menstrual normalization rates during the follow-up period(3 months after discontinuation of medication)were compared.Additionally,comparisons were also made before and after treatment for the total score of TCM syndrome and scores of individual symptom,menstrual total score and scores of indicator,bFSH level,and AMH levels in both groups.Results(ⅰ)The total effective rate of the TCM syndrome in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and hormone control group were 85.59%and 52.25%,respectively;the total effective rate of menstrual were 54.95%and 90.99%,respectively;the menstrual normalization rate during the follow-up period were 31.53%and 9.01%,respectively;and regarding bFSH efficacy,the total effective rate were 70.27%and 27.03%,respectively,and the normalization rate of bFSH were 35.14%and 9.01%,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅱ)The bFSH value in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group decreased after treatment compared to before treatment(P<0.01),while the bFSH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The AMH value increased after treatment compared to before treatment in Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01),while the AMH value in the hormone control group showed no change before and after treatment.The difference of bFSH and AMH between the two groups after treatment was statistically significant(P<0.01).(ⅲ)After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the total score of TCM syndrome,scores of hot flushes and sweating,hyposexuality,and insomnia in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01).After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of individual symptom in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those in the hormone control group(P<0.01).(ⅳ)After treatment,the menstrual total score,scores of menstrual cycle,period,menstrual flow,and menstrual blood color in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);the menstrual total score,score of menstrual cycle,period,and menstrual flow in the hormone control group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.01);after treatment,the menstrual total score and menstrual cycle score in the hormone control group were better than those in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group(P<0.01).(ⅴ)No adverse reactions were observed in the Yangyin Shugan Decoction group and 29 cases of adverse reactions were observed in the hormone control group.Conclusion Yangyin Shugan Decoction can effectively improve TCM syndrome in POI patients with pattern of kidney deficiency and liver depression;downregulate the elevated bFSH level,increase the low AMH level,and effectively improve ovarian function,even continue to maintain menstruation after drug withdrawal.In the real world,Yangyin Shugan Decoction got satisfactory efficacy and good safety in the treatment of POI,which deserves clinical promotion and application.

Group psychological counseling techniques commonly used in nurses' mental health promotion include mindfulness-based group counseling, Balint groups, psychodrama, and the Satir model. Group psychological counseling mainly promotes the mental health of nurses by decreasing nurses' stress, relieving negative emotions, reducing job burnout, enhancing the perceived professional benefit, improving interpersonal relationships and adaptability. This paper reviews the common techniques and application of group psychological counseling, and analyzes the advantages and challenges of group psychological counseling in the promotion of nurses' mental health, with a view to providing a reference for the research and practice of nurses' mental health promotion based on group psychological counseling for researchers.

Group psychological counseling techniques commonly used in nurses' mental health promotion include mindfulness-based group counseling, Balint groups, psychodrama, and the Satir model. Group psychological counseling mainly promotes the mental health of nurses by decreasing nurses' stress, relieving negative emotions, reducing job burnout, enhancing the perceived professional benefit, improving interpersonal relationships and adaptability. This paper reviews the common techniques and application of group psychological counseling, and analyzes the advantages and challenges of group psychological counseling in the promotion of nurses' mental health, with a view to providing a reference for the research and practice of nurses' mental health promotion based on group psychological counseling for researchers.