Objective:To analyze the epidemiological information of oral leukoplakia and explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and different degrees of epithelial dysplasia.Methods:A total of 430 patients with oral leukoplakia confirmed by pathology in the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2013 to May 2021 were enrolled. Epidemiological information was recorded, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed on age, gender, smoking, drinking, lesion size, lesion site and lesion type to evaluate the correlation between the risk factors and the degree of epithelial dysplasia in oral leukoplakia.Results:A total of 430 valid samples were included in this study, among which 23 patients were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia with concurrent cancer. The age of all patients was (52.9±12.9) years (22-85 years); 213 were male and 217 were female. One hundred and seventy-six cases (40.9%) had lesions on the lateral and ventral tongue, and 254 cases (59.1%) had lesions in other locations. Three hundred and two cases (70.2%) had homogeneous lesions, and 128 cases (29.8%) had heterogeneous lesions. The degrees of epithelial dysplasia included none [11.9% (51/430)], mild [51.9% (223/430)], moderate [24.4% (105/430)], severe [6.5% (28/430)], and concurrent cancer [5.3% (23/430)]. Smoking, drinking, and gender were correlated with the degree of epithelial dysplasia in some binary classification systems, while tongue (border and ventral) and non-homogeneous damage were significantly correlated with higher degrees of epithelial dysplasia in all binary classification systems ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lesions on the lateral or ventral tongue and heterogeneous lesions are significantly associated with higher degrees of dysplasia, suggesting that clinicians should pay more attention to these types of oral leukoplakia during the follow-up monitoring process.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological information of oral leukoplakia and explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and different degrees of epithelial dysplasia.Methods:A total of 430 patients with oral leukoplakia confirmed by pathology in the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2013 to May 2021 were enrolled. Epidemiological information was recorded, and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed on age, gender, smoking, drinking, lesion size, lesion site and lesion type to evaluate the correlation between the risk factors and the degree of epithelial dysplasia in oral leukoplakia.Results:A total of 430 valid samples were included in this study, among which 23 patients were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia with concurrent cancer. The age of all patients was (52.9±12.9) years (22-85 years); 213 were male and 217 were female. One hundred and seventy-six cases (40.9%) had lesions on the lateral and ventral tongue, and 254 cases (59.1%) had lesions in other locations. Three hundred and two cases (70.2%) had homogeneous lesions, and 128 cases (29.8%) had heterogeneous lesions. The degrees of epithelial dysplasia included none [11.9% (51/430)], mild [51.9% (223/430)], moderate [24.4% (105/430)], severe [6.5% (28/430)], and concurrent cancer [5.3% (23/430)]. Smoking, drinking, and gender were correlated with the degree of epithelial dysplasia in some binary classification systems, while tongue (border and ventral) and non-homogeneous damage were significantly correlated with higher degrees of epithelial dysplasia in all binary classification systems ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lesions on the lateral or ventral tongue and heterogeneous lesions are significantly associated with higher degrees of dysplasia, suggesting that clinicians should pay more attention to these types of oral leukoplakia during the follow-up monitoring process.

OBJECTIVE: Researches on total hip replacements are always the hot spots in recent years. The replacements have obtained satisfactory outcomes in clinic. However, the long-term effect is limited because of the material and technical problems. This paper is to summarize the developmental trend and the prospect of clinical application for total hip replacements in 10 years.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify relevant articles published in English from January 1996 to January 2006 by using the keywords of "total hip replacements, surgical robot, tissue engineering, virtual endoscopy". Meanwhile,Chinese relevant articles published from January 1990 to December 2005 were searched in Wanfang database, the keywords were "total hip replacements, material, virtual endoscopy, surgical robot, tissue engineering" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The articles were primarily checked, and the references in each literature were reviewed. Articles about the study on total hip replacements were involved; Meanwhile, the repetitive studies or Meta analysis were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 39 relevant articles were collected, and 22 of them accorded with the. Inclusive criteria, 17 old or repetitive ones were excluded. Of the 22 articles, 5 were about the influence of artificial joint material on prosthetic loosening and its carcinogenesis; 2 about the microinvasion of joint replacement induced by computer-aided surgery navigation; 1 about the introduction of surgical robot; 3 about the development of custom-made and specially made artificial joint; 9 about the possibility for the surface replacement of hip; and 2 about the combination of tissue engineering technique and artificial joint.DATA SYNTHESIS: Modern researches on total hip replacements are exploring wearing tolerant prosthesis to reduce the prosthetic loosening caused by osteolysis and bone resorption. The computer-aided design/made technique is used for special design and manufacture according to the need of disease, so as to solve the fracture around prosthesis and meet the need of limb salvage surgery. The computer-aided surgery navigation realizes the microinvasion of joint replacement and the fast recovery after surgery. The successful rate of total hip replacements is improved by developing localized surgical robot in China. By using the virtual endoscopy, we can accurately know the damaged conditions of intraarticular cartilage and sub-cartilage bone, which are also able to be quantifized, so that more suitable and reliable prosthesis can be selected to increase the accuracy. The tissue engineering technique in repairing defect can increase the synostosis of prosthesis, and perfect the technique of joint replacement.CONCLUSION: In the coming 10 years, total hip replacements will develop towards stability, harmlessness, microinvasion, mechanization, individualization and diversification, so that the total hip replacements will be much stander and safer with higher successful rate.