OBJECTIVE: Asthma imposes a significant global health burden. This study examines changes in the asthma-related disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and projects future burdens for 2050 under different scenarios. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, we analyzed asthma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021. We projected the disease burden for 2050 based on current trends and hypothetical scenarios in which all risk factors are controlled. Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were explored using Annual Percent Change. RESULTS: In 2021, the age-standardized rates for asthma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs in China were 364.17 per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval [ UI]: 283.22-494.10), 1,956.49 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1,566.68-2,491.87), 1.47 per 100,000 (95% UI: 1.15-1.79), and 103.76 per 100,000 (95% UI: 72.50-145.46), respectively. A higher disease burden was observed among Chinese men and individuals aged 70 years or older. Compared to the current trend, a combined scenario involving improvements in environmental factors, behavioral and metabolic health, child nutrition, and vaccination resulted in a greater reduction in the disease burden caused by asthma. CONCLUSION Addressing modifiable risk factors is essential for further reducing the asthma-related disease burden.
Humans ; Asthma/mortality* ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Child ; Adolescent ; Global Burden of Disease/trends* ; Child, Preschool ; Young Adult ; Infant ; Cost of Illness ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Aged, 80 and over ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of cornuside on intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and clarify its possible mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose comecarpine glycosides groups,and TREM1 inhibitor(LR12)group.HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury of small intestinal mucosa.The levels of D-lactic acid(D-LA)and diamine oxidase(DAO)in serum and secretory immunoglobulin(sIg A)in small intestine were detected by ELISA.Intestinal mucosal permeability was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-D)tracer method.ELISA was used to detect the levels of interferon(IFN)-γ,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-10 and arginase(Arg)-1 in serum.The polarization of macrophages in small intestinal tissue was detected by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1),CD86 and CD206 in small intestine.Results Compared with the normal control group,the model group had serious pathological injury of the small intestinal mucosa,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly decreased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the small intestinal mucosal injury of the rats in each dose cornuside group and LR12 group significantly improved,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly increased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Cornuside can reduce intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting TREM1-mediated M1 polarization of macrophages.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in urothelial carcinoma(UC)and its clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods Clinical data of 115 UC patients were col-lected.EnVision two-step method was used for immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in UC and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Transcriptomic data from TCGA database were used to analyze the correlation between the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in bladder cancer and the pathological stage and prognosis of bladder cancer.qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of patients.Results TCGA database analysis showed that the expression level of NECTIN-3 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma(UBUC)was significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues,and POSTN expression was positively correlated with pathological stage.Prognostic a-nalysis showed that POSTN expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival of UBUC(P＞0.05),and NECTIN-3 expression was negatively correlated with disease-free survival of UBUC(P＞0.05).The experimental re-suits showed that patients with positive POSTN expression were more prone to perineural invasion[25 cases(86.2％)vs 4 cases(13.8％),P=0.019],vascular invasion[36 cases(83.7％)vs 7 cases(16.3％),P=0.007],and lymph node metastasis[24 cases(88.9％)vs 3 cases(11.1％),P=0.033].Additionally,the positive expression rate of POSTN in UBUC was significantly higher than that in upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)(75.0％vs 54.3％,P=0.028).Higher expression levels of POSTN and NECTIN-3 were associated with shorter overall survival,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion There is no significant correlation between NECTIN-3 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma,while the expression of POSTN is correlated with the invasive clinicopathological features of UC,which has certain suggestive significance for clinical stage and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of cornuside on intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and clarify its possible mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose comecarpine glycosides groups,and TREM1 inhibitor(LR12)group.HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury of small intestinal mucosa.The levels of D-lactic acid(D-LA)and diamine oxidase(DAO)in serum and secretory immunoglobulin(sIg A)in small intestine were detected by ELISA.Intestinal mucosal permeability was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-D)tracer method.ELISA was used to detect the levels of interferon(IFN)-γ,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-10 and arginase(Arg)-1 in serum.The polarization of macrophages in small intestinal tissue was detected by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1),CD86 and CD206 in small intestine.Results Compared with the normal control group,the model group had serious pathological injury of the small intestinal mucosa,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly decreased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the small intestinal mucosal injury of the rats in each dose cornuside group and LR12 group significantly improved,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly increased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Cornuside can reduce intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting TREM1-mediated M1 polarization of macrophages.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in urothelial carcinoma(UC)and its clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods Clinical data of 115 UC patients were col-lected.EnVision two-step method was used for immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in UC and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Transcriptomic data from TCGA database were used to analyze the correlation between the expression of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in bladder cancer and the pathological stage and prognosis of bladder cancer.qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of POSTN and NECTIN-3 in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of patients.Results TCGA database analysis showed that the expression level of NECTIN-3 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma(UBUC)was significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues,and POSTN expression was positively correlated with pathological stage.Prognostic a-nalysis showed that POSTN expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival of UBUC(P＞0.05),and NECTIN-3 expression was negatively correlated with disease-free survival of UBUC(P＞0.05).The experimental re-suits showed that patients with positive POSTN expression were more prone to perineural invasion[25 cases(86.2％)vs 4 cases(13.8％),P=0.019],vascular invasion[36 cases(83.7％)vs 7 cases(16.3％),P=0.007],and lymph node metastasis[24 cases(88.9％)vs 3 cases(11.1％),P=0.033].Additionally,the positive expression rate of POSTN in UBUC was significantly higher than that in upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)(75.0％vs 54.3％,P=0.028).Higher expression levels of POSTN and NECTIN-3 were associated with shorter overall survival,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion There is no significant correlation between NECTIN-3 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma,while the expression of POSTN is correlated with the invasive clinicopathological features of UC,which has certain suggestive significance for clinical stage and prognosis.

Aim To investigate the intestinal protection and possible mechanism of magnolol(MG)in newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group(Ctrl group),model group(NEC group)and treatment group(MG group).The NEC model was induced by hypoxia,cold stimulation,deep formula milk and LPS intragastric administration in 7-day-old rats for four days.They were killed after five days of treatment with MG(20 mg·kg-1).HE staining was used to observe the intestinal pathological injury.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of IL-1 β,TNF-α,NL-RP3,ASC,caspase-1 and tight junction protein in the distal ileum of rats.Colon contents were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to understand the gut microbio-ta.Results MG improved the body mass and intesti-nal injury of NEC neonatal rats.The expressions of in-testinal IL-1β,TNF-α,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 proteins were down-regulated,and the expressions of Claudin,Occludin and ZO-1 proteins were up-regula-ted.16S rDNA showed that MG increased the diversity of intestinal flora,and at the phylum level,MG in-creased the abundance of firmicutes and bacteroides in NEC model,and decreased the abundance of pro-teobacteria.At the genus level,MG treatment in-creased the abundance of Lactobacillus,unclassified_Muribaculaceae,Racteroides,but decreased the abun-dance of Escherichia_Shigella,Rodentibacter and Fuso-bacterium.Conclusion MG intervention can protect the intestinal tract of NEC rats by potentially improving barrier function,and regulating the intestinal microbiota through the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Current treatment strategies for chronic non-healing wounds have shown unsatisfactory results,necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches.Concentrated growth factors,rich in high-concentration growth factors and possessing a stable natural three-dimensional structure,have demonstrated significant application value in the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.OBJECTIVE:To review the current status of concentrated growth factor application in chronic non-healing wounds,analyze the shortcomings of concentrated growth factor in clinical applications,and propose constructive suggestions and prospects.METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,and VIP databases were searched with the key words of"concentrated growth factor,platelet concentrate products,chronic wound,chronic ulcer,wound healing,platelet-rich plasma,platelet-rich fibrin"in Chinese.PubMed was searched with the key words of"CGF,concentrated growth factor,platelet concentrate products,chronic wound,chronic ulcer,wound healing,PRP,PRF,platelet-rich plasma,platelet-rich fibrin"in English.The articles published from 2000 to 2024 were searched and further analyzed and summarized after screening.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Concentrated growth factor,with its diverse application forms,high concentration of growth factors,natural three-dimensional structure,compatibility with various material technologies,relatively low cost,and ease of operation,has demonstrated significant clinical value in the treatment of chronic wounds.Numerous researchers have validated its positive effects in chronic wound therapy through clinical applications.However,there is currently no clear consensus on standardized concentrated growth factor application protocols,and certain deficiencies have been revealed in practical applications,including issues with dosage,centrifugation settngs,identification schemes,and preparation methods for different forms of concentrated growth factor.There is substantial room for research on concentrated growth factor,and it is believed that with a clear consensus on its application in the future,concentrated growth factor could play a significant role in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore a simple emergency management method for elderly patients with sigmoid volvulus.Methods:The clinical data of 22 elderly patients (>70 years) with sigmoid volvulus from January 2020 to March 2024 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with a self-made simple closed-loop enema decompression kit. The abdominal circumference, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) before treatment and 12 h after tube placement were measured. The patients were followed for 3 months, and the recurrence was recorded. The key indexes on recurrence, including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and procedure time, were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between age, procedure time, pain level and gas/stool output within 30 min after tube placement.Results:All 22 patients successfully underwent transanal tube decompression. The procedure time ranged from 1 to 15 min. The gas and stool output within 30 min after tube placement was 600 to 2 100 ml, The rectal tube was retained for 2 to 6 d. Compared with before treatment, the abdominal circumference, white blood cell count and CRP 12 h after tube placement were significantly lower: (85.9 ± 9.6) cm vs. (94.5 ± 10.2) cm, (9.2 ± 2.1) ×10 9/L vs. (11.4 ± 2.5) ×10 9/L and (27.8 ± 22.6) mg/L vs. (46.2 ± 38.9) mg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Four patients underwent elective surgery, while 18 were discharged smoothly after tube removal. No death occurred within 1 month after treatment. Five patients experienced recurrence 3 months after treatment, all were successfully retreated using the same method and discharged. There were no statistical differences in recurrence rates between aged ≥80 years and aged < 80 years patients, ASA class ≥ Ⅳ and ASA class Ⅲ patients, or procedure times ≤5 min and procedure times >5 min patients ( P>0.05). The gas/stool output within 30 min after tube placement was positively correlated with pain level (moderate/severe vs. mild) before tube placement ( r = 215.50, P = 0.015), but showed no significant correlation with age or procedure time ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The self-made simple closed-loop enema decompression kit provides a straightforward, economical and minimally invasive emergency treatment method for elderly patients with sigmoid volvulus. For patients at very high surgical risk, this kit can achieve decompression and volvulus reposition, even in cases of recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of right-sided overlap and single-flap valvuloplasty (ROSF) in Da Vinci robotic proximal gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 12 patients who underwent ROSF in Da Vinci robotic proximal gastrectomy at The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 2023 to May 2024 were collected. There were 7 males and 5 females, aged 62(range, 35?75)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical conditions; (2) postoperative pathological results; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and mea-surement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical conditions. All patients successfully completed the surgery, without conversion to laparotomy. The operation time of 12 patients was (236±24)minutes. The time of single-layer fabrication and anastomosis was (105±28)minutes. The volume of intra-operative blood loss was (36±19)mL. Time to postoperative first fluid food intake was (3.5±1.1)days. The amylase levels in the abdominal drainage fluid on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were (321±121)U/L, (225±97)U/L, and (85±22)U/L, respectively. Time to postoperative drainage tube removal was (5.3±1.5)days. Duration of postoperative hospital stay was (7.6±1.1)days. All 12 patients had no anasto-motic related complications such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic stenosis, and had no functional complications such as gastric emptying disorders or gastroesophageal reflux after surgery. (2) Postoperative pathological results. The distance of the proximal tumor margin of the 12 patients was (1.8±1.1)cm. The distance of distal margin was (5.7±2.1)cm. Number of lymph node dissected was 31.0(range, 22.0?45.0). Number of positive lymph node dissected was 3.4±2.4. Number of lymph node dissected from the pancreatic superior margin was 14.7±4.3. Results of postoperative pathological examination in the 12 patients showed 8 cases of Ⅰ stage, 3 cases of Ⅱ stage, 1 case of Ⅲ stage of the TNM staging. (3) Follow-up. All 12 patients were followed up for 6 (range, 3?24)months. During the follow-up period, all 12 patients had no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis. All 12 patients had no complications such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, or anastomotic stenosis, and did not experience symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux such as heartburn or vomiting.Conclusion:The ROSF in Da Vinic robotic proximal gastrectomy is safe and feasible.

Objective:To explore the value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) derived left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement (LV LGE) for the primary prevention of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients.Methods:This was a single-center retrospective study. Consecutive ARVC patients who underwent CMR at Fuwai Hospital between January 2016 and September 2020, with no history of malignant ventricular arrhythmias at diagnosis, were enrolled. Clinical data and CMR characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was defined as new-onset malignant ventricular arrhythmias related events, including sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation/flutter, sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrest, and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge. Follow-up via telephone interviews and medical records was conducted to confirm endpoint occurrences, and patients were categorized into event-free and event groups based on endpoint status. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in ARVC patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the ARVC 5-year risk score (cutoff: 25%) and the median value of LV LGE percentage (cutoff: 13%). Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted, and log-rank tests were used to compare the difference in the incidence of primary endpoint events between subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratio test were used to evaluate the incremental prognostic value of LV LGE percentage beyond the ARVC 5-year risk score.Results:A total of 172 ARVC patients were enrolled, aged (39.0±16.6) years, including 73 females (42.4%). During a follow-up of 53.1 (25.4, 76.9) months, 51 patients (29.7%) experienced malignant ventricular arrhythmias related events, including 3 cases of sudden cardiac death, 1 cardiac arrest, 33 sustained ventricular tachycardia and 14 appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that the ARVC 5-year risk score ( HR=1.028, 95% CI 1.015-1.041, P<0.001) and LV LGE percentage ( HR=1.059, 95% CI 1.032-1.087, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of the primary endpoint events. Kaplan-Meier analysis using composite stratification (ARVC 5-year risk score cutoff: 25%; LV LGE percentage cutoff: 13%) demonstrated that patients with both high risk scores (≥25%) and extensive LV LGE (≥13%) had the highest risk of primary endpoint events. Notably, among patients with ARVC 5-year risk scores <25%, those with LV LGE≥13% had a higher incidence of primary endpoint events than those without (log-rank P=0.037). The composite prediction model combining the 5-year risk score and left ventricular LGE percentage demonstrated significantly improved predictive performance (area under the curve ( AUC)=0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.90; likelihood ratio test all P<0.001) compared to single-variable models (left ventricular LGE percentage alone: AUC=0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.82, P=0.01; 5-year risk score alone: AUC=0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.81, P=0.02). Conclusion:LV LGE percentage independently predict new-onset malignant ventricular arrhythmias in ARVC patients and provided incremental prognostic value based on the existing ARVC 5-year risk score.