1.Study on Reducing Hepatotoxicity and Retaining Anti-osteoporosis Activity of Psoraleae Fructus Though Salt Processing Based on Zebrafish
Yiqi LIU ; Xuan WANG ; Qiqi FAN ; Zehua CHANG ; Shuo FAN ; Na WANG ; Zheng LI ; Xinfang XU ; Chongjun ZHAO ; Xiangri LI
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(9):79-90
ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus (PF) through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology, focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus (SPF) on the hepatotoxicity (using 134.17 , 178.89, 268.34 mg·L-1 as low, medium, and high dose groups of PF, 135.04, 180.06, 270.08 mg·L-1 as low, medium, and high dose groups of SPF, respectively) and anti-osteoporotic activity (using 33.54 , 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L-1 as low, medium, and high dose groups of PF, 33.76, 67.52, 135.04 mg·L-1 as low, medium, and high dose groups of SPF, respectively), which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing, and PCA, OPLS-DA, and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions, PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF, SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing, the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend, with 69 components showing a decrease in content, represented by psoralen, and 13 components showing an increase, represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF, including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF, which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.
2.Sclera Vessel Segmentation Based on Fusion Filtering and Reflection Suppression
Ming-Xuan FAN ; Zong-Qing MA ; Chu-Xiang GAO ; Yi-Xuan SHI ; Zi-Hang ZHANG ; Zhe-Xuan JIA ; Fan FAN ; Guo-Liang HUANG ; Jiang ZHU
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(5):1195-1206
ObjectiveIn traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the foundational doctrine that the eyes reflect the essence of the internal viscera establishes ocular observation as a cornerstone of diagnostic practice. Specifically, the morphological characteristics and coloration variations of the scleral microvasculature serve as critical clinical indicators for assessing the dynamic balance of Qi and Blood, as well as the pathological status of internal organs. Historically, however, TCM eye diagnosis has relied predominantly on the subjective clinical experience and visual acuity of individual practitioners, leading to inherent challenges in standardization and reproducibility. While automated computer-aided diagnostic systems offer a promising solution, existing vessel segmentation algorithms encounter significant domain-specific bottlenecks when applied to scleral imagery. These challenges primarily stem from the highly reflective and moist nature of the ocular surface, which generates severe reflective interference. Furthermore, the inherent low contrast of fine capillary networks against complex background textures, compounded by non-uniform illumination, frequently results in high false-positive rates, misdetections, and severe vessel fragmentation. To address these critical limitations and advance the objective quantification of TCM diagnostics, this paper proposes a novel, highly robust sclera vessel segmentation framework that innovatively integrates Frangi-Sato dual-filter adaptive enhancement with pixel-level reflection detection. MethodsThe proposed methodology systematically addresses the segmentation pipeline through three synergistic stages. First, to overcome the structural limitations of single-filter approaches, a multi-scale weighted fusion strategy is meticulously designed to harness the complementary extraction capabilities of both Frangi and Sato filters. This adaptive enhancement optimally balances the preservation of main vessel trunk continuity with the heightened sensitivity required for delineating delicate, low-contrast peripheral capillaries. Second, to tackle the persistent issue of reflective highlights, a sophisticated multi-feature synergistic reflection detection module is introduced. By jointly analyzing local information entropy, gradient field variations, and intensity statistical distributions, this module achieves precise, pixel-level identification and elimination of reflective artifacts without compromising the underlying vascular structures. Finally, a dual-level adaptive thresholding strategy, featuring an innovative “core protection” mechanism, is implemented. This critical step effectively suppresses complex background noise while rigorously preserving the structural and topological integrity of the intricate vessel network, preventing the structural breaks often seen in conventional binarization methods. ResultsThe efficacy of the proposed framework was rigorously evaluated using both self-constructed clinical datasets specifically acquired for TCM research and standardized public datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art traditional approaches and contemporary deep learning models. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a Dice similarity coefficient of approximately 0.71 on the private clinical dataset, and secures the best performance across the majority of quantitative metrics on both datasets. Notably, the framework exhibits exceptional robustness and generalization capabilities in highly challenging scenarios characterized by intense reflective interference, low signal-to-noise ratios, and cross-domain image variations. ConclusionThis study successfully realizes the high-integrity, automated segmentation of scleral vessel networks under complex clinical imaging conditions. By overcoming the fundamental algorithmic challenges of reflection interference and micro-vessel loss, the proposed methodology provides potential support for the digitization, objective standardization, and intelligent advancement of modern TCM eye diagnosis systems.
3.Sclera Vessel Segmentation Based on Fusion Filtering and Reflection Suppression
Ming-Xuan FAN ; Zong-Qing MA ; Chu-Xiang GAO ; Yi-Xuan SHI ; Zi-Hang ZHANG ; Zhe-Xuan JIA ; Fan FAN ; Guo-Liang HUANG ; Jiang ZHU
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(5):1195-1206
ObjectiveIn traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the foundational doctrine that the eyes reflect the essence of the internal viscera establishes ocular observation as a cornerstone of diagnostic practice. Specifically, the morphological characteristics and coloration variations of the scleral microvasculature serve as critical clinical indicators for assessing the dynamic balance of Qi and Blood, as well as the pathological status of internal organs. Historically, however, TCM eye diagnosis has relied predominantly on the subjective clinical experience and visual acuity of individual practitioners, leading to inherent challenges in standardization and reproducibility. While automated computer-aided diagnostic systems offer a promising solution, existing vessel segmentation algorithms encounter significant domain-specific bottlenecks when applied to scleral imagery. These challenges primarily stem from the highly reflective and moist nature of the ocular surface, which generates severe reflective interference. Furthermore, the inherent low contrast of fine capillary networks against complex background textures, compounded by non-uniform illumination, frequently results in high false-positive rates, misdetections, and severe vessel fragmentation. To address these critical limitations and advance the objective quantification of TCM diagnostics, this paper proposes a novel, highly robust sclera vessel segmentation framework that innovatively integrates Frangi-Sato dual-filter adaptive enhancement with pixel-level reflection detection. MethodsThe proposed methodology systematically addresses the segmentation pipeline through three synergistic stages. First, to overcome the structural limitations of single-filter approaches, a multi-scale weighted fusion strategy is meticulously designed to harness the complementary extraction capabilities of both Frangi and Sato filters. This adaptive enhancement optimally balances the preservation of main vessel trunk continuity with the heightened sensitivity required for delineating delicate, low-contrast peripheral capillaries. Second, to tackle the persistent issue of reflective highlights, a sophisticated multi-feature synergistic reflection detection module is introduced. By jointly analyzing local information entropy, gradient field variations, and intensity statistical distributions, this module achieves precise, pixel-level identification and elimination of reflective artifacts without compromising the underlying vascular structures. Finally, a dual-level adaptive thresholding strategy, featuring an innovative “core protection” mechanism, is implemented. This critical step effectively suppresses complex background noise while rigorously preserving the structural and topological integrity of the intricate vessel network, preventing the structural breaks often seen in conventional binarization methods. ResultsThe efficacy of the proposed framework was rigorously evaluated using both self-constructed clinical datasets specifically acquired for TCM research and standardized public datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art traditional approaches and contemporary deep learning models. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a Dice similarity coefficient of approximately 0.71 on the private clinical dataset, and secures the best performance across the majority of quantitative metrics on both datasets. Notably, the framework exhibits exceptional robustness and generalization capabilities in highly challenging scenarios characterized by intense reflective interference, low signal-to-noise ratios, and cross-domain image variations. ConclusionThis study successfully realizes the high-integrity, automated segmentation of scleral vessel networks under complex clinical imaging conditions. By overcoming the fundamental algorithmic challenges of reflection interference and micro-vessel loss, the proposed methodology provides potential support for the digitization, objective standardization, and intelligent advancement of modern TCM eye diagnosis systems.
4.Differentiation and Treatment of Impaired Glucose Regulation from the Perspective of "Internal Generation of Turbid Pathogen"
Xuan YANG ; Junlin LIU ; Jiayao QU ; Xiangyu LI ; Xinrong FAN
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(11):1220-1224
Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is an intermediate state between normal blood glucose and diabetes, falling under the category of splenic pure heat in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The core pathogenesis is believed to be the dysfunction of the zang-fu (脏腑) organs, leading to metabolic abnormalities of subtle essence and the generation of "turbid pathogen". Its accumulation can block qi movement, damage the vessel collaterals, and promote the disease progression toward diabetes. The concept of "turbid pulse" is proposed as an early sign of IGR, characterized by full and heavy sensation with stagnated and astringent circulation, which can serve as an effective supplement to clinical screening. The differentiation and treatment approach in clinical practice is summarized as follows. If the ascending and descending mechanisms of qi movement in the middle jiao (焦) are disrupted, with mutual interference between the clear and the turbid, treatment should focus on harmonizing the ascending and the descending, and transforming dampness with aromatic medicinals. For spleen-stomach qi deficiency due to long-term restriction of the spleen and stomach's function of transportation and transformation, it is suggested to fortify spleen and harmonize stomach, and transport turbid with sweet-warm medicinals. For spleen deficiency and liver constraint induced by internal generation of damp-heat in the middle jiao, the treatment should focus on soothing the liver and opening constraint, and directing the turbid downward with sour-sweat medicinals. For solid accumulation and stagnation caused by liver qi constraint, it is recommended to unblock intestine and remove stagnation, and discharge turbid with bitter-cold medicinals. When the disease is transmitted to the lower jiao, and the kidneys are affected, the treatment should be regulating spleen and kidney, and rectifying turbid with salty-sour medicinals. In conclusion, it is emphasized to promote the transformation of turbid pathogen to restore metabolic homeostasis, providing methods for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of IGR.
5.Establishment and Evaluation of Hyperuricemia Mouse Model with Damp-Turbidity Internal Accumulation Syndrome
Yue ZHANG ; Xiangyu LI ; Xuan YANG ; Shenzhi WANG ; Xinrong FAN
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(14):1538-1545
ObjectiveTo establish and evaluate a hyperuricemia (HUA) mouse model with the damp-turbidity internal accumulation syndrome. MethodsThirty-six C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, chemically induced model group (Model), and model combined with high-fat and fatigue group (Model+HF). Twenty-four uricase gene knockout (UOX
6.Establishment and Evaluation of Hyperuricemia Mouse Model with Damp-Turbidity Internal Accumulation Syndrome
Yue ZHANG ; Xiangyu LI ; Xuan YANG ; Shenzhi WANG ; Xinrong FAN
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2026;67(14):1538-1545
ObjectiveTo establish and evaluate a hyperuricemia (HUA) mouse model with the damp-turbidity internal accumulation syndrome. MethodsThirty-six C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, chemically induced model group (Model), and model combined with high-fat and fatigue group (Model+HF). Twenty-four uricase gene knockout (UOX
7.Construction of lentiviral vectors for solute carrier family 1 member 5 overexpression and knockdown and stably transfected RAW264.7 cell line
Daxin GUO ; Susu FAN ; Zhendong ZHU ; Jianhong HOU ; Xuan ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(7):1414-1421
BACKGROUND:Solute carrier family 1 member 5(SLC1A5)plays a potential role in a variety of diseases,but the exact mechanism of action is unclear.The construction of stable SLC1A5 overexpression and knockdown cell models can provide a powerful experimental tool for in-depth study of the exact role and mechanism of SLC1A5 in diseases and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE:To construct lentiviral vectors for overexpression and knockdown of mouse SLC1A5 and establish stable transfected RAW264.7 cell lines,so as to provide an experimental foundation for further investigation of the role of SLC1A5 in inflammation. METHODS:Primers were designed and synthesized based on the SLC1A5 gene sequence,and the gene segment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction.Subsequently,the target gene segment was directionally inserted into the GV492 vector plasmid,which had been digested with AgeI/NheI enzymes,to construct recombinant lentiviral plasmids.Positive clones were further selected,and their sequences were confirmed.The pHelper1.0 plasmid vector and pHelper2.0 plasmid vector,along with the target plasmid vector,was co-cultured with 293T cells for transfection,resulting in the production and titration of lentiviral stocks.Furthermore,RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro,and the working concentration of puromycin was determined.Lentiviruses were separately co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells,and transfection efficiency was determined by measuring fluorescence intensity.Stable transfected cells were selected using puromycin,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay were employed to assess the gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 in stably transfected cell lines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Sequencing results indicated a perfect match between the sequencing and target sequences,confirming the successful construction of recombinant lentiviral vectors.(2)The titer for the overexpression SLC1A5 lentivirus was 1×109 TU/mL,while the titer for the knockdown SLC1A5 lentivirus was 3×109 TU/mL.(3)The working concentration of puromycin for RAW264.7 cells was determined to be 3 μg/mL.(4)The optimal conditions for transfecting RAW264.7 cells with overexpression/knockdown expression of SLC1A5 lentivirus involved the use of HiTransG P transfection enhancer with a multiplicity of infection value of 50.(5)A significant upregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 was detected in cell lines stably overexpressing SLC1A5,while gene and protein expression levels of SLC1A5 were significantly decreased in the knockdown stable cell lines.These findings indicate that lentiviral vectors for mouse SLC1A5 overexpression and knockdown have been successfully constructed and a stably transfected RAW264.7 cell line has been obtained.
8.Analysis of risk factors for diaphragmatic dysfunction after cardiovascular surgery with extracorporeal circulation: A retrospective cohort study
Xupeng YANG ; Yi SHI ; Fengbo PEI ; Simeng ZHANG ; Hao MA ; Zengqiang HAN ; Zhou ZHAO ; Qing GAO ; Xuan WANG ; Guangpu FAN
Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2025;32(08):1140-1145
Objective To clarify the risk factors of diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients who underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of bedside diaphragm ultrasound: a DD group and a control group. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative indicators of the patients were compared and analyzed, and independent risk factors for DD were screened using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 281 patients were included, with 32 patients in the DD group, including 23 males and 9 females, with an average age of (64.0±13.5) years. There were 249 patients in the control group, including 189 males and 60 females, with an average age of (58.0±11.2) years. The body mass index of the DD group was lower than that of the control group [(18.4±1.5) kg/m2 vs. (21.9±1.8) kg/m2, P=0.004], and the prevalence of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and renal insufficiency was higher in the DD group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraoperative indicators (operation method, extracorporeal circulation time, aortic clamping time, and intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature) between the two groups (P>0.05). In terms of postoperative aspects, the peak postoperative blood glucose in the DD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.001), and the proportion of patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.001). The postoperative reintubation rate, tracheotomy rate, mechanical ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay time in the DD group were higher or longer than those in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low body mass index [OR=0.72, 95%CI (0.41, 0.88), P=0.011], preoperative dialysis [OR=2.51, 95%CI (1.89, 4.14), P=0.027], low left ventricular ejection fraction [OR=0.88, 95%CI (0.71, 0.93), P=0.046], and postoperative hyperglycemia [OR=3.27, 95%CI (2.58, 5.32), P=0.009] were independent risk factors for DD. Conclusion The incidence of DD is relatively high after cardiac surgery, and low body mass index, preoperative renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and postoperative hyperglycemia are risk factors for DD.
9.Effects of mircoRNA-874-3p on biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma cells through targeted regulation of plakophilin 3 and its mechanism
Fan CHEN ; Zhao-Hu TENG ; Tao FANG ; Jun-Xu REN ; Jing ZHANG ; Xue LI ; Yi-Xuan WANG ; Xu LIN ; Jing-Fang WU
Acta Anatomica Sinica 2025;56(2):188-201
Objective The study aims to investigate the impact of microRNA-874-3p(miR-874-3p)regulation of plakophilin 3(PKP3)on the malignant biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma cells and its underlying mechanism.Methods Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of PKP3 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray and lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells respectively,and the relationship between PKP3 and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma patients was analyzed.Select lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549,the experiment was divided into A549 cell group(blank control group),miR-NC group(transfected with miR-NC)and miR-mimics group(transfected with miR-874-3p mimics),sh-NC group(control group transfected with PKP3 silencing plasmid),sh-PKP3 group(transfected with PKP3 silencing plasmid),miR+pcDNA-PKP3 group(transfected with miR-874-3P mimics+pcDNA-PKP3,rescue group)and miR+pcDNA-NC group(transfected with miR-874-3p mimics+pcDNA-NC).The proliferation,invasion,migration and apoptosis of cells in each group were detected.ENCORI database was used to predict the upstream gene of PKP3,and dual luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-874-3p and PKP3.MAPK/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The expression of PKP3 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues.The high expression of PKP3 was related to clinical stage,tumor size,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Compared with the human normal lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B),the expression of PKP3 in A549 cells increased significantly,and the expression of miR-874-3p decreased(P<0.05).Overexpression of miR-874-3p decreased the PKP3 expression level(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,both overexpression of miR-874-3p and silenced PKP3 inhibited the cloning and invasion ability of A549 cells,caused cell cycle arrest,and decreased the expression levels of cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4),cyclin D1,cyclin E1 proteins in A549 cells(P<0.05).The expressions of Bax protein and Caspase-3 protein were up-regulated(P<0.05),and apoptosis increased.Overexpression of PKP3 could reverse the biological behavior of overexpression of miR-874-3p.Overexpression of miR-874-3p and silencing of PKP3 significantly decreased the expressions of P38 MAPK and mTOR phosphorylated proteins.Conclusion MiR-874-3p can negatively regulate PKP3 expression and inhibit the malignant biological behavior of A549 cells through MAPK/mTOR pathway.
10.Relationship between the Platelet Autophagy-related Factor Expression and Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Cancer
Xiaoxiao FAN ; Xuan ZENG ; Pingping ZHOU ; Xi LIU ; Feifei ZHU ; Yanji LUO ; Yi WU
Journal of Kunming Medical University 2025;46(7):125-130
Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of platelet autophagy related factors and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods The data of 360 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to May 2023 were reviewed.Patients were divided into non-peritoneal metastasis group(n=322)and peritoneal metastasis group(n=38)according to whether peritoneal metastasis occurred or not.The following information was collected:patient's personal information(i.e.age,sex,body mass index)and tumor characteristics(i.e.location,size,pathological type,histopathological differentiation,lymphatic infiltration).Platelets were collected from all subjects,and the levels of autophagy-associated protein 7(ATG7),benzalkonium chloride 1(BECN1),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and sequestosome 1(p62)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Among the 360 patients included,peritoneal metastasis was detected in 38 cases.Compared with the non-peritoneal metastasis group,the peritoneal metastasis group exhibited decreased BMI(P<0.05),while the tumor size,non-ulcerative tumor,number of lymph node metastasis,infiltration depth,number of cases of lymphatic invasion,platelet count,platelet LC3-Ⅱ level,platelet ATG7 level and CEA level were increased(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI(OR=1.094),lymphatic invasion(OR=2.658),and LC3-Ⅱ(OR=3.793)and ATG7(OR=2.010)were independent influencing factors for peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(P<0.05).LC3-Ⅱ>2.59ng/ml had the highest ability to predict peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer(AUC=0.932),followed by ATG7(AUC=0.916).Conclusions Elevated levels of platelet LC3-Ⅱ and ATG7 are independently related to peritoneal metastasis in patients with gastric cancer,and can be used to predict the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis,which is helpful to guide individualized treatment.

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