Objective To understand the effect of astaxanthin on intestinal injury of septic mice,and explore the mechanism.Methods Septic mice model was constructed by cecum ligation and puncture(CLP).Sixty-two male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups by random number method:Sham surgery+solvent control group(Sham+Vehi group,n=11),Sham surgery+astaxanthin group(Sham+Asta group,n=11),sepsis model+sol-vent control group(CLP+Vehi group,n=20),and sepsis model+astaxanthin group(CLP+Asta group,n=20).In astaxanthin-containing groups,astaxanthin was dissolved in edible olive oil(40 mg/mL),and 100 mg/(kg·d)was gavaged for 7 days before surgery.In solvent-containing groups,the solvent was treated with an equal amount of olive oil by gavage(2.5 mL/kg).Five mice from the Sham groups and 12 mice from the CLP groups were ran-domly selected to observe their 7-day survival after surgery.The remaining mice were given fluorescent isothiocya-nate dextran(FD-40)gavage at 18 hours after surgery.Changes in mice intestinal tissue morphology,intestinal functional injury indicators,intestinal tissue oxidative stress indicators,inflammatory factors expression,and ex-pression of key protein of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were detected 24 hours after surgery.Results There were no statistical differences in mice survival rate,intestinal injury indicators,intestinal inflammatory factor levels,oxidative stress indicators,and intestinal tissue injury scores between Sham+Vehi and Sham+Asta groups(all P＞0.05).Compared with the Sham+Vehi group,the survival rate of mice in the CLP+Vehi group decreased significantly;serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activities,levels of in-testinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),D-lactate,and FD-40 increased significantly;levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in intestinal tissue in-creased significantly;superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased;intestinal morphological injury score was higher;the expression of PPARγ in intestinal tissue increased,and the ratios of both p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 in-creased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the CLP+Vehi group,the survival rate of mice in the CLP+Asta group im-proved;serum DAO activities,levels of I-FABP,D-lactate and FD-40 all decreased significantly;levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA in intestinal tissue decreased significantly;SOD activity increased;intestinal morphological injury score decreased;PPARγ expression in intestinal tissue increased,and the ratios of both p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Astaxanthin decreases intestinal injury in CLP-induced septic mice,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway,as well as the inhibi-tion of inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Objective: To investigate the potential risk factors for occult lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the necessity of super-selective lateral lymph node dissection for patients harboring these metastases. Methods: This prospective study included PTC patients who were operated by the same surgeon in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2015 through October 2019. Preoperative ultrasound and enhanced Computer Tomography (CT) did not denote suspected enlarged lymph nodes in the lateral neck. All patients underwent lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ on the basis of original thyroid collar incision after LNM to level Ⅵ was confirmed by preoperative fine needlebiopsy or intraoperative frozen pathology. Results: Of all 143 patients, 74 (51.7%) had occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ confirmed by postoperative pathology. The average number of metastasized lymph nodes in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 2.64±1.80, and that in level Ⅵ was 3.77±3.27. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ and that in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r=0.341, P<0.001). That the metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ equals three was the best predictor of occult lateral LNM to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Univariate analysis showed that age <55 years, tumor size ≥2.0 cm, number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ ≥3, and percentage of metastasized lymph nodes in the total number of dissected lymph nodes in level Ⅵ >50% were associated with occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ≥3 was an independent risk factor for occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P=0.006). Conclusions: Age, tumor size and LNM in level Ⅵ were associated with occult lateral LNM in PTC patients. Lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ could be considered for selective patients, since it will help to avoid secondary operation for residual tumor or recurrence resulted from insufficient treatment without increasing the incidence of complications or affecting patients' appearances.

Objective: To investigate the potential risk factors for occult lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the necessity of super-selective lateral lymph node dissection for patients harboring these metastases. Methods: This prospective study included PTC patients who were operated by the same surgeon in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2015 through October 2019. Preoperative ultrasound and enhanced Computer Tomography (CT) did not denote suspected enlarged lymph nodes in the lateral neck. All patients underwent lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ on the basis of original thyroid collar incision after LNM to level Ⅵ was confirmed by preoperative fine needlebiopsy or intraoperative frozen pathology. Results: Of all 143 patients, 74 (51.7%) had occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ confirmed by postoperative pathology. The average number of metastasized lymph nodes in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 2.64±1.80, and that in level Ⅵ was 3.77±3.27. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ and that in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (r=0.341, P<0.001). That the metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ equals three was the best predictor of occult lateral LNM to levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Univariate analysis showed that age <55 years, tumor size ≥2.0 cm, number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ ≥3, and percentage of metastasized lymph nodes in the total number of dissected lymph nodes in level Ⅵ >50% were associated with occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that number of metastasized lymph nodes in level Ⅵ≥3 was an independent risk factor for occult LNM in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P=0.006). Conclusions: Age, tumor size and LNM in level Ⅵ were associated with occult lateral LNM in PTC patients. Lymph node dissection in levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ could be considered for selective patients, since it will help to avoid secondary operation for residual tumor or recurrence resulted from insufficient treatment without increasing the incidence of complications or affecting patients' appearances.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular biology, treatment, and prognosis of patients with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) secondary to malignancies. Methods: The clinical data of 86 patients with t-MDS/AML in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2010 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, primary tumor types, and tumor-related therapies were analyzed. Results: The study enrolled a total of 86 patients with t-MDS/AML, including 67 patients with t-AML, including 1 patient with M(0), 6 with M(1), 27 with M(2), 9 with M(3), 12 with M(4), 10 with M(5), 1 with M(6), and 1 with M(7). Sixty-two patients could be genetically stratified, with a median overall survival (OS) of 36 (95% CI 22-52) months for 20 (29.9%) patients in the low-risk group and 6 (95% CI 3-9) months for 10 (14.9%) in the intermediate-risk group. The median OS time was 8 (95% CI 1-15) months in 32 (47.8%) patients in the high-risk group. For patients with non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and AML, the median OS of the low-risk group was 27 (95% CI 18-36) months, which was significantly longer than that of the non-low-risk group (χ(2)=5.534, P=0.019). All 9 APL cases were treated according to the initial treatment, and the median OS was not reached, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 100.0%, (75.0±6.2) %, and (75.0±6.2) % respectively. Of the 58 patients with non-APL t-AML (89.7%), 52 received chemotherapy, and 16 achieved complete remission (30.8%) after the first induction chemotherapy. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates of the non-APL t-AML group were (42.0 ± 6.6) %, (22.9±5.7) %, and (13.4±4.7) %, respectively. The median OS of patients who achieved remission was 24 (95% CI 18-30) months, and the median OS of those who did not achieve remission was 6 (95% CI 3-9) months (χ(2)=10.170, P=0.001). Bone marrow CR was achieved in 7 (53.8%) of 13 patients treated with vineclar-containing chemotherapy, with a median OS of 12 (95% CI 9-15) months, which was not significantly different from that of vineclar-containing chemotherapy (χ(2)=0.600, P=0.437). In 19 patients with t-MDS, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were (46.8±11.6) %, (17.5±9.1) %, and (11.7±9.1) % with a median OS of 12 (95% CI 7-17) months, which was not significantly different from that in t-AML (χ(2)=0.232, P=0.630) . Conclusions: Breast cancer, bowel cancer, and other primary tumors are common in patients with t-MDS/AML, which have a higher risk of adverse genetics. Patients with APL had a high induction remission rate and a good long-term prognosis, whereas patients without APL had a low remission rate and a poor long-term prognosis.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy* ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/drug therapy* ; Remission Induction ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use*

Objective: To analyze the clinical and molecular diagnostic status of Fanconi anemia (FA) in China. Methods: The General situation, clinical manifestations and chromosome breakage test and genetic test results of 107 pediatric FA cases registered in the Chinese Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group (CBMTRG) and the Chinese Children Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry Group (CCBMTRG) from August 2009 to January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Children with FANCA gene variants were divided into mild and severe groups based on the type of variant, and Wilcoxon-test was used to compare the phenotypic differences between groups. Results: Of the 176 registered FA patients, 69 (39.2%) cases were excluded due to lack of definitive genetic diagnosis results, and the remaining 107 children from 15 hospitals were included in the study, including 70 males and 37 females. The age at transplantation treatment were 6 (4, 9) years. The enrolled children were involved in 10 pathogenic genes, including 89 cases of FANCA gene, 7 cases of FANCG gene, 3 cases of FANCB gene, 2 cases of FANCE gene and 1 case each of FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCF, FANCJ, and FANCN gene. Compound heterozygous or homozygous of loss-of-function variants account for 69.2% (72/104). Loss-of-function variants account for 79.2% (141/178) in FANCA gene variants, and 20.8% (37/178) were large exon deletions. Fifty-five children (51.4%) had chromosome breakage test records, with a positive rate of 81.8% (45/55). There were 172 congenital malformations in 80 children.Café-au-Lait spots (16.3%, 28/172), thumb deformities (16.3%,28/172), polydactyly (13.9%, 24/172), and short stature (12.2%, 21/172) were the most common congenital malformations in Chinese children with FA. No significant difference was found in the number of congenital malformations between children with severe (50 cases) and mild FANCA variants (26 cases) (Z=-1.33, P=0.185). Conclusions: FANCA gene is the main pathogenic gene in children with FA, where the detection of its exon deletion should be strengthened clinically. There were no phenotypic differences among children with different types of FANCA variants. Chromosome break test is helpful to determine the pathogenicity of variants, but its accuracy needs to be improved.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics* ; Chromosome Breakage ; Retrospective Studies ; Exons ; China/epidemiology*

Aim To study the protective effect of eplerenone on the contralateral kidney in pregnant rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its mechanism. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, sham-operation pregnancy group, model group and eplerenone group. The rats in the model group and eplenone group had ligation unilateral ureter, and the rats in the eplenone group were treated with 100 mg • kg

Eight compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of 80% ethanol extract of the hulls of Garcinia mangostana by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, as well as prep-HPLC methods. By HR-ESI-MS, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses, the structures of the eight compounds were identified as 16-en mangostenone E(1), α-mangostin(2), 1,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-methy-lbut-2-enyl)-3-methoxyxanthone(3), cratoxyxanthone(4), 2,6-dimethoxy-para-benzoquinone(5), methyl orselinate(6), ficusol(7), and 4-(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid(8). Compound 1 was a new xanthone, and compound 4 was a xanthone dimer, compound 5 was a naphthoquinone. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except compounds 2 and 3. Cytotoxic bioassay suggested that compounds 1, 2 and 4 possessed moderate cytotoxicity, suppressing HeLa cell line with IC_(50) va-lues of 24.3, 35.5 and 17.1 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. Compound 4 also could suppress K562 cells with an IC_(50) value of 39.8 μmol·L~(-1).
Humans ; Garcinia mangostana/chemistry* ; HeLa Cells ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Xanthones/pharmacology* ; Garcinia/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure