Objective To identify potential immunosenescence markers in benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and to explore BPH-related senescent phenotypes. Methods Three transcriptome datasets and one single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)dataset for BPH and normal prostate tissues were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database. The GSE7307 and GSE119195 were combined to analyze differentially expressed genes(DEGs). Enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were used to explore aging-related changes in the immune microenvironment. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)was applied to identify immune-related genes in GSE132714. ScRNA-seq data were employed to investigate the transcriptomic landscape, luminal cell heterogeneity, and aging-related alterations in BPH through cell-cell communication and pseudotime analysis. Finally, the results were validated with in vitro experiments. Results A total of 1202 DEGs and 627 immune-related genes were identified in BPH and normal prostate tissues. Enrichment analysis indicated that the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signaling pathway exhibited a downregulated aging phenotype in BPH. In scRNA-seq analysis, 9 cell types were identified. The VEGF signaling pathway in BPH exhibited an aging-related expression pattern, characterized by decreased vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)in luminal cells. Conclusion Our study identified VEGFA as a marker of immunosenescence in BPH, with changes of the VEGF pathway. Meanwhile, low expression of VEGFA, coupled with high expression of placental growth factor(PlGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR), represented a senescent phenotype of the prostate.

bjective To analyze the growth trends of height and weight among primary and secondary school students, and explore the developmental characteristics and gender differences at different age groups, and to provide a scientific basis for adolescent health policy formulation. Methods Based on 675 175 health examination records of 227 978 students aged 6-17 years in Shiyan City from 2015 to 2024, a logistic growth model was employed to fit the curves of height and weight changes with age. Results From 2015 to 2024, height and weight showed steady increases across all age groups, exhibiting typical sigmoidal growth patterns. The growth rates varied across age groups: the younger age group (6-9 years) showed a moderate growth (annual height increase of 0.5-1.0 cm, weight increase of 0.03-0.06 kg/year), while the older age group (10-17 years) demonstrated a significant growth (annual height increase of 1.5-2.0 cm, weight increase of 0.22-0.38 kg/year). The growth rate curves displayed a unimodal distribution. The growth inflection points of male students occurred later than that of female students (height inflection point: 9.87 years for males vs. 8.98 years for females; weight inflection point: 10.70 years for males vs. 9.99 years for females). Female students experienced a more concentrated but shorter period of growth and development. The peak height growth rate was 7.40 cm/year at age 9 for females and 7.09 cm/year at age 10 for males, while the peak weight growth rate was 5.04 kg/year at age 10 for females and 5.27 kg/year at age 11 for males. Conclusion The physical development of primary and secondary school students in Shiyan City follows a logistic growth pattern, with significant gender differences and characteristics of adolescent growth spurts. Female students exhibit an earlier and more concentrated growth process.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shenji Guben prescription （SJGB） on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in mice and to explore its potential therapeutic mechanism via transcriptomics. MethodsA mouse model of COPD was established by combined exposure to lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and cigarette smoke. C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into a control group， a model group， an acetylcysteine （78 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and low- （7.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium- （15 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-dose （30 g·kg^-1·d^-1） SJGB groups. After 13 weeks of modeling， oral administration was initiated and continued for 28 days. The therapeutic effects of SJGB were assessed based on body weight， lung function， lung tissue pathology， and inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） was employed to identify the active ingredients in SJGB. Transcriptomic profiling of lung tissue was performed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， followed by gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis， Kyotoencyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis， Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA）， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network construction. Key genes were further validated by Western blot and Real‑time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsAfter drug intervention， the final body weights of mice in medium- and high-dose SJGB groups were higher than those in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， SJGB groups demonstrated a significant decrease in expiratory time （Te）， along with increases in peak expiratory flow （PEF）， 50% expiratory flow （EF50）， tidal volume （TV）， and expiratory volume （EV） （P<0.05）. High-dose SJGB ameliorated pathological changes in the lung tissue， reduced peribronchial inflammation scores， and decreased mean linear intercept （MLI） （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose SJGB groups showed reductions in interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） levels （P<0.01）. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed that the five most abundant components in SJGB were （S）-actinidine， ephedrine， pyroglutamic acid， methylephedrine， and coumarin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 219 DEGs regulated by SJGB， suggesting that the anti-COPD effects of SJGB may be mediated through key genes such as cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68）， integrin subunit alpha X （ITGAX）， and cathepsin S （CTSS）， primarily involved in the lysosomal pathway. Western blot and Real-time PCR results confirmed that SJGB inhibited the expression of CD68， ITGAX， and CTSS compared with the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionSJGB effectively improved the lung function and attenuated lung tissue inflammation in the mouse model of COPD by modulating the lysosomal pathway and related genes including CD68， ITGAX， and CTSS.

Objective Jejunal interposition is an important option for restoring gastrointestinal continuity in patients with complex esophageal cancer in whom the stomach is unavailable for reconstruction due to previous gastrectomy, tumor involvement, failed gastric conduit, or other constraints. Although the jejunum offers a caliber similar to the esophagus, a rich blood supply, and preserved peristaltic function, anatomical variations in mesenteric length and vascular arcades render long-segment and high-level reconstruction susceptible to excessive tension, mesenteric torsion, venous congestion, and inadequate distal perfusion. This consensus aims to provide standardized recommendations for the application of jejunal interposition in this specific patient population. Methods This consensus was developed in accordance with the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and Chinese national guideline development standards, with reference to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ), Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), and Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR) checklists. The project was registered on the international practice guidelines registry platform (PREPARE-2026CN1384). The working group systematically searched Chinese and English evidence addressing 12 clinical questions. Evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2009 system, with structured appraisal of risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision. Recommendations were formulated through two rounds of Delphi surveys and a face-to-face consensus meeting, with an agreement threshold of ≥75%. Results The consensus generated 12 recommendations covering indications, selection between jejunum and colon, preoperative assessment, surgical approach and reconstruction route, pedicled jejunal interposition (PJI), supercharged pedicled jejunal interposition (SPJ), indocyanine green (ICG) perfusion assessment, perioperative nutrition, management of anastomotic leakage, long-term follow-up, and special treatment scenarios. Given that the available direct evidence is predominantly derived from single-center retrospective cohorts and case series, recommendations extrapolated from general esophagectomy or other gastrointestinal surgical evidence are deliberately phrased with caution. Conclusion Jejunal interposition is a safe and effective approach for digestive tract reconstruction in patients with complex esophageal cancer in whom the stomach is unavailable. This consensus emphasizes that clinical decision-making should be individualized based on the patient's prior treatment history, reconstruction height, vascular anatomy, technical availability, and institutional experience in the Chinese context.

Objective: To provide reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation of the general chapters of physical and chemical analysis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition Volume Ⅳ.
Methods: Introduce the main characteristics and content of the additions and revisions of the general chapters of physical and chemical analysis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition Volume Ⅳ.
Results: The general chapters of physical and chemical analysis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition are more harmonized with the relevant guidelines of the ICH Q series, and the inclusion of advanced and mature instrument analysis technology standards and analysis method standards related to drug safety, efficacy, and quality controllability is further increased.
Conclusion: The general chapters of physical and chemical analysis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition have provided a more convenient new bridge for China’s drugs to go international, standardized testing technology support for achieving full process quality control, and better meet the needs of drug research and development, production, quality control, and supervision in China.

Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the density and volume of left atrial-epicardial adipose tissue(LA-EAT)and the occurrence and severity of atrial fibrillation(AF)in elderly patients.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study.A total of 197 elderly patients with AF and 82 patients with sinus rhythm who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology and Geriatric Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2023 to July 2024.were selected.The AF group was further divided into paroxysmal AF(PAF)subgroup(111 cases)and persistent AF(PeAF)subgroup(86 cases). The density and volume of LA-EAT in all patients were meansured by coronary artery enhanced CT or left atrial enhanced CT.The differences in LA-EAT density, volume and related data among the 3 groups were compared, and their relationship with different severity of senile AF was analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze whether LA-EAT density and volume were risk factors for senile AF.The predictive value of LA-EAT density and volume for AF in the elderly was compared throuh restricted cubic spline analysis.Results:The average LA-EAT density in the sinus rhythm group, PAF group and PeAF group was -82.75(-87.15, -79.63), -81.70(-85.55, -75.85)and -80.45(-83.40, -76.10)HU, respectively; the standard deviation of density was 34.70(31.93, 36.28), 36.20(34.30, 37.65)and 35.45(33.63, 37.28)HU, respectively; the LA-EAT volume was 23 483.40(13 964.10, 31 645.53), 25 112.20(18 479.10, 36 917.50)and 37 836.50(25 933.80, 45 537.90)mm 3, respectively.The LA-EAT density and volume in the PAF group and PeAF group were higher than those in the sinus rhythm group(all P<0.05). The LA-EAT volume in the PeAF group was greater than that in the PAF group( P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in LA-EAT density between the two groups( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LA-EAT density and volume, left atrial diameter(LAD)and body mass index(BMI)were the independent risk factors for AF in the elderly( P<0.05). Conclusions:LA-EAT density and volume are significantly correlated with occurrence of senile AF, and show a positive dose-response relationship.LA-EAT volume is significantly related to the severity of AF( P<0.05), while the density is not significantly related to it( P>0.05).

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Severe open tibiofibular fractures account for approximately 28.1% of all open fractures. Among them, Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB/C fractures present significant clinical challenges due to associated bone and soft tissue defects, high infection rates, and risk of amputation. Inadequate preoperative assessment may lead to suboptimal emergency surgical planning or intraoperative complications. Historically, external fixation was often preferred, but this approach has been associated with limitations such as restricted joint mobility, delayed bone union, joint stiffness, and disuse osteoporosis, resulting in poor functional recovery. With advancements of debridement techniques, standardization of antibiotic use, and popularization of early soft tissue coverage, early internal fixation has gained broader acceptance. Nevertheless, controversies persist regarding the choice of fixation method, timing of definitive fixation, use of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing, and necessity of fibular fixation. To standardize the diagnosis and early management of severe open tibiofibular fractures, reduce complication rates, and improve functional recovery, the Society of Microsurgery of the Chinese Medical Association organized a panel of domestic experts to develop the Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and early fixation of severe open tibiofibular fractures ( version 2025), using evidence-based methodology. The guidelines provided 12 recommendations covering diagnostic and early fixation strategies of severe open tibiofibular fractures, aiming to provide clinicians with scientifically grounded and standardized guidance.