ObjectiveTo compare the performance of different automatic evaluation methods for detecting pattern hallucinations generated by large language models （LLMs） in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation and to identify a strategy with higher overall discriminative performance against expert manual judgment. MethodsA standardized TCM syndrome-differentiation dataset containing 598 cases was constructed from case reports published in Chinese core journals indexed by Peking University Core Journals or Chinese Science Citation Database. Each of the 598 cases was submitted to five Chinese LLMs， with each model generating one syndrome-pattern output per case， yielding 2990 outputs in total. The 598 outputs generated by Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking were independently annotated for syndrome-pattern hallucinations by two licensed TCM physicians with intermediate or higher professional titles. Disagreements were adjudicated by a third licensed TCM physician with a senior associate professional title and more than 10 years of clinical experience. The resulting consensus annotations served as the reference labels for training and validating the automated evaluation method. Based on these reference labels， three categories of automated evaluation methods were developed and compared following a progressive strategy from text-level semantic similarity， to syndrome-element structural consistency， and finally multi-feature fusion. Method A employed sentence-embedding models based on semantic similarity between pattern texts. Method B adopted a rule-based threshold method using weighted Jaccard coefficients of disease-location and disease-nature syndrome elements. Method C utilized a machine-learning classifier integrating syndrome-element matching scores， missing and redundant syndrome-element counts， and multiple semantic-similarity features. Five-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of each method against manual judgment. The optimal method was then applied to uniformly assess the pattern hallucination rates of five LLMs. ResultsIn method A， text2vec-large-chinese showed best overall performance， with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUROC）， area under the precision-recall curve （PR-AUC）， F1-score， sensitivity， and specificity of 0.849， 0.884， 0.794， 0.801， and 0.691， respectively. In method B， the corresponding metrics of the rule-based syndrome-element Jaccard threshold method were 0.848， 0.851， 0.817， 0.845， and 0.684， respectively； those of the LLM-based syndrome-element Jaccard method were 0.872， 0.906， 0.795， 0.764， and 0.780， respectively. In method C， the multilayer perceptron （MLP） classifier showed the best overall performance， with AUROC， PR-AUC， F1-score， sensitivity， and specificity of 0.933， 0.951， 0.871， 0.857， and 0.846， respectively. Under the unified evaluation framework combining DeepSeek-R1 syndrome-element extraction and MLP classifier， the estimated pattern hallucination rates of the five LLMs ranged from 56.0% to 77.4%. ConclusionAmong the three automatic evaluation methods， Method C integrating syndrome-element discrepancy features and text semantic features using an MLP classifier showed the highest overall discriminative performance against manual judgment， and is more suitable for evaluating syndrome hallucinations in LLM-based TCM syndrome differentiation tasks.

Objective:Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery(CMICS) conducts an annual summary of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery procedures performed throughout the country, which includes a comprehensive survey of the total number of minimally invasive procedures by region and the distribution of minimally invasive procedures by hospital. Since CMICS first published the 2018-2019 China Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Data White Paper in 2020, the report has received great attention from peers within and outside the industry. In this statistical report, CMICS will focus on publishing the data related to minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in China from 2021 to 2023 for reference and use by industry peers.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the biomechanics of three kinds of rigid internal fixation methods for condylar head fractures. METHODS: A three dimensional finite element model of the normal mandible was constructed. It was then used to prepare condylar head fracture finite element model and three kinds of rigid internal fixation finite element model (unilateral tension screw, bilateral tension screw, tension screw+titanium plate). The mechanical characteristics and changes of the mandible condyle under the same mechanical conditions were compared among the three different rigid internal fixation methods. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of unilateral tension screw were 71.03 MPa and 4.72 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 78.45 MPa and 4.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 3.27 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of bilateral tension screw were 70.52 MPa and 4.00 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 72.49 MPa and 3.85 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.33 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of tension screw+titanium plate were 67.26 MPa and 2.66 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the free end of condyle were 69.66 MPa and 2.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.18 MPa. CONCLUSIONS The tension screw+titanium plate rigid internal fixation method is the most conducive to biomechanical distribution for condylar head fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Mandibular Condyle/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Stress, Mechanical

AIM To compare the chemical constituents in traditional decoction and formula granule decoction of classical famous prescription Wendan Decoction.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,naringin,hesperidin,6-gingerol and adenosine cyclophosphate were determined,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were adopted in the investigation of component differences,and the equivalent of formula granules was adjusted.RESULTS The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of traditional decoctions were higher than those of HPLC fingerprints for 9 batches of formula granule decoctions(P＜0.01).Adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,hesperidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate demonstrated higher contents in traditional decoctions than those in formula granule decoctions(P＜0.05),6-gingerol displayed lower content than that in the latter produced by manufacturers A,C(P＜0.05),which was higher than that in the latter produced by manufacturer B(P＜0.01).Various batches of traditional decoctions and formula granule decoctions could be obviously distinguished,adenosine,synephrine and hesperidin exhibited great influences on the classification of principal component analysis,and the quality of formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturer C was closer to that of traditional decoctions.After equivalent correction,the contents of various constituents in formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturers A,C showed no significant differences as compared with those in traditional decoction(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The formula granules of Wendan Decoction from different manufacturers exist quality differences,so the preparation process and extraction process of this preparation should be optimized to improve quality,and equivalent ratio should be adjusted according to actual requirements to ensure its scientific and rational clinical application.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:Committee of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery(CMICS) conducts an annual summary of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery procedures performed throughout the country, which includes a comprehensive survey of the total number of minimally invasive procedures by region and the distribution of minimally invasive procedures by hospital. Since CMICS first published the 2018-2019 China Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Data White Paper in 2020, the report has received great attention from peers within and outside the industry. In this statistical report, CMICS will focus on publishing the data related to minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery in China from 2021 to 2023 for reference and use by industry peers.

Iron is involved in several activities in the brain, including energy metabolism, neurotransmitter transmission, and myelination. Disorder of peripheral iron metabolism and excessive iron accumulation in the brain can reduce cognitive and behavioral ability through pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory response and abnormal protein expression, leading to cognitive disorders. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), as a new non-invasive magnetic resonance technique, can quantitatively measure brain iron deposition, clarify the relationship between cognitive disorders and iron homeostasis imbalance, and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. This article reviews the latest research progress of QSM in brain iron deposition associated with cognitive disorders.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of adeno-associated virus vector 5 (AAV5)-mediated hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression on serum triglyceride (TG) metabolism and hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) in mice.Methods:Ten male C57BL/6 Lpl+/- mice were randomly divided into two groups by a random number table: the Lpl+/- control group and the Lpl+/- gene therapy group, with five mice in each group. The Lpl+/- control group received a tail vein injection of AAV5 vector carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (AAV5-EGFP), while the Lpl+/- gene therapy group received a tail vein injection of AAV5 vector carrying the human LPLS447X gene (AAV5-LPLS447X). Oral fat tolerance tests were performed at 14, 28, and 56 days post-injection. Twenty wild-type ICR mice were randomly divided into a control group and a gene therapy group, with ten mice in each group. The ICR control group was injected with AAV5-EGFP, and the ICR gene therapy group was injected with AAV5-LPLS447X. Fourteen days after injection, the mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of P407 solution (0.5 g/kg) and caerulein (200 μg/kg) to induce HTG-AP. Serum TG, total cholesterol (TC), amylase, lipase levels, and plasma LPL activity after heparin injection were measured by microplate reader. Plasma LPL concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPL mRNA expression levels in the liver, heart, and adipose tissue of Lpl+/- mice were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). LPL protein expression in the liver tissue of ICR mice was detected by immunohistochemistry at 28 days after gene therapy. Histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results:Compared to the Lpl+/- control group, the Lpl+/- gene therapy group showed a significant decrease in serum TG levels starting from day 21. After oral administration of olive oil, the increase and peak of serum TG levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. Furthermore, hepatic LPL mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (1.96±0.11 vs 1.02±0.12) with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Compared to the ICR control group, the ICR gene therapy group showed a significant decrease in serum TG and TC levels, and plasma LPL activity (0.17±0.05 mEq/L·h -1vs 0.06±0.02 mEq/L·h -1) was significantly higher at 28 days after heparin injection with statistical significance (all P value <0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed high expression of LPL protein on the hepatocyte membrane in the liver of ICR gene therapy group mice. Moreover, pancreatic edema, inflammatory infiltration, and acinar cell necrosis were significantly alleviated compared to the control group. Conclusions:LPLS447X treatment can promote LPL expression in the liver of mice, significantly reduce TG levels, and alleviate the severity of HTG-AP.

AIM To compare the chemical constituents in traditional decoction and formula granule decoction of classical famous prescription Wendan Decoction.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,naringin,hesperidin,6-gingerol and adenosine cyclophosphate were determined,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were adopted in the investigation of component differences,and the equivalent of formula granules was adjusted.RESULTS The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of traditional decoctions were higher than those of HPLC fingerprints for 9 batches of formula granule decoctions(P＜0.01).Adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,hesperidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate demonstrated higher contents in traditional decoctions than those in formula granule decoctions(P＜0.05),6-gingerol displayed lower content than that in the latter produced by manufacturers A,C(P＜0.05),which was higher than that in the latter produced by manufacturer B(P＜0.01).Various batches of traditional decoctions and formula granule decoctions could be obviously distinguished,adenosine,synephrine and hesperidin exhibited great influences on the classification of principal component analysis,and the quality of formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturer C was closer to that of traditional decoctions.After equivalent correction,the contents of various constituents in formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturers A,C showed no significant differences as compared with those in traditional decoction(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The formula granules of Wendan Decoction from different manufacturers exist quality differences,so the preparation process and extraction process of this preparation should be optimized to improve quality,and equivalent ratio should be adjusted according to actual requirements to ensure its scientific and rational clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of miglitol on regulating the energy metabolism of brown adipocytes by activating UCP1 and preventing cold injury in mice after cold exposure. Methods Primary brown adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes, the effect of miglitol on the viability of brown adipocytes was investigated by MTT method, the lipid droplet consumption level of cells after drug administration was investigated by Oil Red O staining technology, and the level of UCP1, a key protein of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, was detected by Western blotting. The activity of anti-frostbite was investigated in cold exposure at 4 ℃ and −20 ℃. KM mice, which were randomly divided into control group, cold exposure group, miglitol group and all-trans retinoic acid group, and after 7 days of repeated administration, the body surface temperature of mice was detected by infrared thermal imaging system, the anal temperature change was detected by anal thermometer, and the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC1-α in adipose tissue were detected by immunoblotting. Results Compared with the control group, the lipid droplet consumption and UCP1 expression levels in brown adipocytes in the miglitol group were significantly increased. The levels of body surface temperature and rectal temperature increased significantly after cold exposure, and the levels of UCP1 and PGC1α in the brown adipose tissue of mice increased significantly, which indicated that the miglitol could activate the critical proteins UCP1 and PGC1α of the thermogenesis pathway, increase the thermogenesis of mice after cold exposure, and thus improve the effect of cold injury for toe swelling. Conclusion Miglitol could play a role in improving cold injury and body temperature in mice by increasing the level of UCP1 and PGC1α, which are key targets of the thermogenesis pathway to promote the thermogenesis of brown fat.