ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.

ObjectiveTaking Aurantii Fructus Immaturus juice（AFI）-processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） as an example， this study aims to systematically compare the volatile and non-volatile components of AMR and its processed products， investigate the key differential components， evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities， and elucidate the synergistic mechanism of processing. MethodsThe chemical compositions of volatile and non-volatile components in AMR and AFI-processed AMR were systematically characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， with relative mass fractions and response values determined separately. Volatile components were identified through searches in the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST）17 database， comparison with retention index（RI） and fragmentation pattern matching. Non-volatile components were identified by searching Waters Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） spectral library， in conjunction with PubChem and MassBank， characteristic fragmentation patterns and response values were also used to support identification. Differential components were screened using principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1. Components with high log₂fold change（FC） among major differential groups were selected as those exhibiting significant changes before and after processing. The anti-inflammatory activity of the differential compounds was evaluated by assessing their effects on nitric oxide（NO） production in a lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the effects of the differential components on tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6， and monocyte chemotactic protein（MCP）-1 levels， and immunofluorescence（IF） was employed to assess their effects on nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB p65 translocation， thereby elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. ResultsA total of 36 compounds were identified in the volatile components of AMR and AFI-processed AMR， among which， sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were significantly increased after processing. In the non-volatile components， 36 compounds were identified， and the main differential components were flavonoids， sesquiterpenoids， and triterpenoids. Flavonoids were the primary differential components distinguishing AMR from its processed products， representing compounds directly introduced during processing. Five compounds， including atractylenolide Ⅲ， tangeritin， nobiletin， hesperidin and narirutin， were selected as representatives of three classes based on their most prominent differential expression among different compound types for subsequent anti-inflammatory activity studies. The results showed that 100 μmol·L^-1 tangerine and narirutin could significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production（P<0.01） in a concentration-dependent manner. Tangeritin was able to significantly inhibit the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 secreted by RAW264.7（P<0.05）， while narirutin significantly inhibited the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， MCP-1 and IL-6（P<0.01）. IF revealed that both tangeritin and narirutin significantly blocked the translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. ConclusionAFI-processed AMR significantly alters the chemical composition profile of AMR， and the newly introduced flavonoid components during processing may be key to its enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.

Objective:To explore a simple emergency management method for elderly patients with sigmoid volvulus.Methods:The clinical data of 22 elderly patients (>70 years) with sigmoid volvulus from January 2020 to March 2024 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with a self-made simple closed-loop enema decompression kit. The abdominal circumference, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) before treatment and 12 h after tube placement were measured. The patients were followed for 3 months, and the recurrence was recorded. The key indexes on recurrence, including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and procedure time, were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between age, procedure time, pain level and gas/stool output within 30 min after tube placement.Results:All 22 patients successfully underwent transanal tube decompression. The procedure time ranged from 1 to 15 min. The gas and stool output within 30 min after tube placement was 600 to 2 100 ml, The rectal tube was retained for 2 to 6 d. Compared with before treatment, the abdominal circumference, white blood cell count and CRP 12 h after tube placement were significantly lower: (85.9 ± 9.6) cm vs. (94.5 ± 10.2) cm, (9.2 ± 2.1) ×10 9/L vs. (11.4 ± 2.5) ×10 9/L and (27.8 ± 22.6) mg/L vs. (46.2 ± 38.9) mg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Four patients underwent elective surgery, while 18 were discharged smoothly after tube removal. No death occurred within 1 month after treatment. Five patients experienced recurrence 3 months after treatment, all were successfully retreated using the same method and discharged. There were no statistical differences in recurrence rates between aged ≥80 years and aged < 80 years patients, ASA class ≥ Ⅳ and ASA class Ⅲ patients, or procedure times ≤5 min and procedure times >5 min patients ( P>0.05). The gas/stool output within 30 min after tube placement was positively correlated with pain level (moderate/severe vs. mild) before tube placement ( r = 215.50, P = 0.015), but showed no significant correlation with age or procedure time ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The self-made simple closed-loop enema decompression kit provides a straightforward, economical and minimally invasive emergency treatment method for elderly patients with sigmoid volvulus. For patients at very high surgical risk, this kit can achieve decompression and volvulus reposition, even in cases of recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of right-sided overlap and single-flap valvuloplasty (ROSF) in Da Vinci robotic proximal gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 12 patients who underwent ROSF in Da Vinci robotic proximal gastrectomy at The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 2023 to May 2024 were collected. There were 7 males and 5 females, aged 62(range, 35?75)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical conditions; (2) postoperative pathological results; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and mea-surement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical conditions. All patients successfully completed the surgery, without conversion to laparotomy. The operation time of 12 patients was (236±24)minutes. The time of single-layer fabrication and anastomosis was (105±28)minutes. The volume of intra-operative blood loss was (36±19)mL. Time to postoperative first fluid food intake was (3.5±1.1)days. The amylase levels in the abdominal drainage fluid on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were (321±121)U/L, (225±97)U/L, and (85±22)U/L, respectively. Time to postoperative drainage tube removal was (5.3±1.5)days. Duration of postoperative hospital stay was (7.6±1.1)days. All 12 patients had no anasto-motic related complications such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic stenosis, and had no functional complications such as gastric emptying disorders or gastroesophageal reflux after surgery. (2) Postoperative pathological results. The distance of the proximal tumor margin of the 12 patients was (1.8±1.1)cm. The distance of distal margin was (5.7±2.1)cm. Number of lymph node dissected was 31.0(range, 22.0?45.0). Number of positive lymph node dissected was 3.4±2.4. Number of lymph node dissected from the pancreatic superior margin was 14.7±4.3. Results of postoperative pathological examination in the 12 patients showed 8 cases of Ⅰ stage, 3 cases of Ⅱ stage, 1 case of Ⅲ stage of the TNM staging. (3) Follow-up. All 12 patients were followed up for 6 (range, 3?24)months. During the follow-up period, all 12 patients had no local tumor recurrence or distant metastasis. All 12 patients had no complications such as anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, or anastomotic stenosis, and did not experience symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux such as heartburn or vomiting.Conclusion:The ROSF in Da Vinic robotic proximal gastrectomy is safe and feasible.

BACKGROUND:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most effective method for the radical treatment of thalassemia major,but only half of patients can find compatible bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.Sib-derived umbilical cord blood stem cells have different characteristics from bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells,and are a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in patients with thalassemia major.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children.METHODS:Forty-eight children with β-thalassemia major,including 28 males and 20 females,with a median age of 4 years old,were selected from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2010 to June 2020.All of them received fresh cord blood transplantation from human leukocyte antigen matched sibling.Transplantation conditioning adopted a myeloablative regiment without anti-thymocyte globulin.A combination of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil with or without short-range methotrexate was administered for graft-versus-host disease.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The median infused doses of total nucleated cells and CD34+cells were 8.17×107/kg and 2.40×105/kg,respectively in 48 children.The median follow-up time after cord blood transplantation was 98 months,and 44 cases were successfully engrafted.The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 28 and 31 days,respectively.Among them,37 cases were found to be donor-type complete chimerism detected as evidence of implantation after transplantation,7 cases were found to be stable mixed chimerism.(2)Among the 44 children with successful implantation,four patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease,and were scored as grade Ⅰ(n=2)and grade Ⅱ(n=2).All the affected organs were skin,and no chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred.(3)After umbilical cord blood transplantation,cytomegalovirus infection and activation occurred in 5 of the 48 cases,sepsis in 12 cases,invasive fungal disease in 3 cases,stomatitis in 21 cases,hemorrhagic cystitis in 8 cases,and hepatic vein occlusion in 1 case.(4)Among 48 children,47 patients survived;1 died of severe pneumonia combined with acute heart failure 28 days after transplantation;43 survived without disease;3 had primary implantation failure,and 1 had pancytopenia after transplantation.The 5-year probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival were 98％and 89％,respectively.The cumulative incidence of transplant-related deaths at 1 year was 2.1％.(5)The above results indicate that human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation is effective in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children with a low incidence of graft-versus-host disease.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of kinesiophobia in chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), providing reference and basis for reducing the occurrence of kinesiophobia in this patient population.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to January 2024. A convenience sample of chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for LDH in Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital was selected as the study population. Data were collected by the general information questionnaire, Numerical Rating Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale, and Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale. A random forest model was constructed to rank variable importance, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of kinesiophobia.Results:The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 96.8% (270/279). Among 270 patients, there were 139 males and 131 females, 92 patients aged 18-40 years, 132 patients aged 41-60 years, and 46 patients aged >60 years old. The total kinesiophobia score for chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for LDH was (31.00 ± 5.09) points, with a kinesiophobia prevalence of 79.6% (215/270). The random forest algorithm identified eight influencing factors: pain self-efficacy, psychological flexibility, physical exercise after low back pain onset, duration of pain, pain status, understanding of LDH, marital status, and pain intensity. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that physical exercise after low back pain onset ( OR=0.583, 95% CI 0.344-0.986), pain status ( OR=0.424, 95% CI 0.206-0.873), psychological flexibility ( OR=1.102, 95% CI 1.052-1.155), pain self-efficacy ( OR=0.923, 95% CI 0.895-0.953) were significant influencing factors of kinesiophobia in chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for LDH (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of kinesiophobia is high among chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for LDH. Physical exercise after low back pain onset, pain status, psychological flexibility, and pain self-efficacy are significant influencing factors. Healthcare professionals should pay increased attention to kinesiophobia in chronic pain patients undergoing conservative treatment for LDH and implement targeted early interventions to reduce its occurrence.

Overweight and obesity have emerged as critical public health issues,posing significant threats to life expectancy and overall well-being,thereby underscoring the need for effective interventions.Electroacupuncture(EA)has shown confirmed efficacy in the treatment of simple obesity,with high safety and patient acceptance.However,its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.This article synthesized current basic research on EA for obesity,indicated the pivotal role of central nervous system(CNS)regions,including the lateral hypothalamic area(LHA),arcuate nucleus(ARC),and ventromedial nucleus(VMH)in mediating EA-induced regulation of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore,EA regulates endocrine factors,immune system,inflammatory factors,and microbiota-gut-brain axis in the body is also an important pathway and target for its intervention in obesity.By sorting out the possible mechanisms of EA treatment for simple obesity,it could provide references for related research and clinical practice of this disease.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of hospital-associated infections among the neurosurgery de-partment patients undergoing brain tumor resection and analyze the economic cost so as to provide scientific bases for formulating prevention strategies.METHODS Totally 1027 patients who underwent brain tumor resection in neurosurgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from Jan.1,2020 to Dec.31,2024 were recruited as the research subjects.The 36 patients who had postoperative hos-pital-associated infections were assigned as the infection group,and 991 patients who did not have hospital-associ-ated infection were assigned as the no infection group.The patients of the infection group and the non-infection group were matched in a 1∶1 ratio by using propensity score matching method(caliper value 0.005).The length of hospital stay and costs of medical items were compared between the infection group and the non-infection group,and the economic burden due to the hospital-associated infections was estimated.RESULTS The incidence of hospital-associated infections was 3.51％among the patients undergoing brain tumor resection,and totally 36 pairs were matched successfully with the propensity score.The hospitalization cost of the infection group was 109,103.81(73,370.21,163,628.37)yuan after the matching,which was increased by 50,087.69 yuan as com-pared with the non-infection group(Z=-5.237,P＜0.001);the length of hospital stay was 23.00(17.25,36.00)days,which was prolonged by 8.50 days(Z=-3.764,P＜0.001).Among the costs of medical items,the medial costs of western medicine,treatment materials and clinical laboratory tests increased most.CONCLUSIONS The control of the costs of western medicine,treatment materials and clinical laboratory tests is the key to reduce the costs of brain tumor resection patients with hospital-associated infections.It is necessary to carry out the real-time monitoring of the hospital-associated infections and early warning of suspected cases and reduce the incidence of hospital-associated infections so as to reduce the economic costs.