BACKGROUND:In the initial stage of growth plate injury inflammation,platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes the repair of growth plate injury by promoting mesenchymal progenitor cell infiltration,chondrogenesis,osteogenic response,and regulating bone remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the action mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB after growth plate injury. METHODS:PubMed,VIP,WanFang,and CNKI databases were used as the literature sources.The search terms were"growth plate injury,bone bridge,platelet-derived growth factor BB,repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,66 articles were screened for this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Growth plate injury experienced early inflammation,vascular reconstruction,fibroossification,structural remodeling and other pathological processes,accompanied by the crosstalk of chondrocytes,vascular endothelial cells,stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and other cells.Platelet-derived growth factor BB,as an important factor in the early inflammatory response of injury,regulates the injury repair process by mediating a variety of cellular inflammatory responses.Targeting the inflammatory stimulation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor BB may delay the bone bridge formation process by improving the functional activities of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and chondrocytes,so as to achieve the injury repair of growth plate.Platelet-derived growth factor BB plays an important role in angiogenesis and bone repair tissue formation at the injured site of growth plate and intrachondral bone lengthening function of uninjured growth plate.Inhibition of the coupling effect between angiogenesis initiated by platelet-derived growth factor BB and intrachondral bone formation may achieve the repair of growth plate injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the spontaneous premature cardiac aging in SHJH^hr mice. MethodsA comparative study was conducted between SHJH^hr mice (SHJH^hr group) and wild-type ICR mice (WT group) at different ages (10 and 24 weeks). Cardiac function was analyzed using a small animal in vivo ultrasound imaging system. After euthanasia, organs were collected and weighed to assess the extent of cardiac atrophy. Cardiac pathological damage was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Cardiac fibrosis was analyzed using Masson staining. Myocardial cell area was analyzed after wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. The activities of oxidative damage indicators in myocardial tissue, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of factors associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Colorimetric assay was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. ResultsCompared to WT group mice of the same age, 10-week-old mice in the SHJH^hr group showed no significant differences in stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), or heart and lung weights. However, at 24 weeks of age, mice in the SHJH^hr group had significantly lower SV, EF, and FS values compared to mice of the same age in the WT group (P<0.05), with no significant change in lung weight but a significant reduction in heart weight (P<0.05). Histological analysis of heart tissue from 24-week-old mice revealed no significant difference in cardiac fibrosis levels between SHJH^hr and WT groups, but WGA staining showed a significant reduction in myocardial cell area in mice in the SHJH^hr group (P<0.05). PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of mRNA levels of oxidative stress factors Sod2, Gpx1, and Cat genes (P<0.05). Biochemical assays indicated significantly reduced activities of oxidative damage-related enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT in myocardial tissue (P<0.05), while the levels of oxidative damage markers 8-OHdG and MDA significantly increased (P<0.05). ConclusionMice in the SHJH^hr group exhibit premature cardiac aging, which may be associated with oxidative stress damage in myocardial tissue.

To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comprehensive value of novel oral anticoagulant drugs （NOACs） after major orthopedic surgery. METHODS The evaluation evidence was collected through literature research； evidence and value：impact on decision-making （EVIDEM） framework was introduced to integrate the evaluation process； the multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） method was used to construct a multi-dimensional evaluation system； the weights assigned to each evaluation criterion were determined by the combination of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process， and the rivaroxaban， dabigatran and apixaban were comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS The clinical comprehensive evaluation system of NOACs after major orthopedic surgery was successfully established， and the final clinical comprehensive evaluation weights of NOACs （rivaroxaban， dabigatran， apixaban） after major orthopedic surgery were calculated， with scores of 0.399 7 for rivaroxaban， 0.244 4 for apixaban， and 0.355 9 for dabigatran， indicating that rivaroxaban demonstrated the highest overall clinical value. Among them， rivaroxaban had the highest weight score in the evaluation of pharmaceutical characteristics， cost-effectiveness and other attributes in a single dimension. In terms of efficacy and safety evaluation， apixaban had the highest weighting score. CONCLUSIONS Among NOACs， rivaroxaban is more suitable for routine anticoagulation management after major orthopedic surgery， especially in terms of pharmacological properties， cost-effectiveness and other attributes.

Objective: To explore the clinical safety and efficacy of a single-position robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RRUN) in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 136 UTUC patients who underwent RRUN (n=35) and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRUN，n=101) in our hospital during Dec.2020 and Aug.2023.The perioperative and safety indicators of the two groups were compared.The intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS)，recurrence-free survival (RFS)，and overall survival (OS) of the two groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05).All surgeries were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.RRUN demonstrated superior perioperative outcomes compared to LRUN in overall postoperative complication rate [37.1%(13/35) vs. 56.4%(57/101)]，postoperative hospital stay [6(5,7) days vs. 7(6,8) days]，and catheter indwelling time [3(2，4) days vs. 4(3，5) days]，with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Safety indicators of both surgical approaches were similar (P>0.05).Survival analysis showed no significant difference in oncological outcomes between the two groups [IVRFS (1 year：92.1%，2 years：85.2%)，RFS (1 year:82.4%，2 years:74.9%)，OS (1 year:90.6%，2 years:84.2%)] (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with retroperitoneal LRUN，single-position RRUN for UTUC demonstrates comparable safety and oncological efficacy，while offering significant advantages in perioperative outcomes such as reducing postoperative complication rate and shortening hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province during the stage moving from transmission interruption to elimination (2015—2023), so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control measures during the post-elimination stage. Methods Schistosomiasis control data were retrospectively collected from departments of health, agriculture and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, water resources, and natural resources in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, and a database was created to document examinations and treatments of human and livestock schistosomiasis, and snail survey and control, conversion of paddy fields to dry fields, ditch hardening, rivers and lakes management and building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention. The completion of schistosomiasis control measures was investigated, and the effectiveness was evaluated. Results A total of 20 545 155 person-times received human schistosomiasis examinations in Sichuan Province during the period from 2015 to 2023, and 232 157 person-times were seropositive, with a reduction in the seroprevalence from 2.10% (44 299/2 107 003) in 2015 to 1.12% (9 361/837 896) in 2023 (χ² = 7.68, P < 0.001). The seroprevalence of human schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in Sichuan Province over years from 2015 to 2023 (b = −8.375, t = −10.052, P < 0.001); however, no egg positive individuals were identified during the period from 2018 to 2023, with the prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections maintained at 0. Expanded chemotherapy was administered to 2 754 515 person-times, and medical assistance of advanced schistosomiasis was given to 6 436 persontimes, with the treatment coverage increasing from 46.80% (827/1 767) in 2015 to 64.87% (868/1 338) in 2023. Parasitological tests for livestock schistosomiasis were performed in 35 113 herd-times, and expanded chemotherapy was administered to 513 043 herd-times, while the number of fenced livestock decreased from 121 631 in 2015 to 103 489 in 2023, with a reduction of 14.92%. Snail survey covered 433 621.80 hm² in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2023, with 204 602.81 hm² treated by chemical control and 4 637.74 hm² by environmental modifications. The area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 5 029.80 hm² in 2016 to 3 709.72 hm² in 2023, and the actual area of snail habitats decreased from the peak of 8 585.48 hm² in 2016 to 473.09 hm² in 2023. The mean density of living snails remained low across the study period except in 2017 (0.62 snails/0.1 m²). Schistosomiasis control efforts by departments of agriculture and rural affairs in Sichuan Province included conversion of paddy fields to dry fields covering 153 346.93 hm², hardening of 6 110.31 km ditches, building of 70 356 biogas digesters, replacement of cattle with 227 161 sets of machines, and captive breeding of 21 161 070 livestock from 2015 to 2023, and the control efforts by departments of water resources included rivers and lakes management measuring 5 676.92 km and renovation of 2 331 irrigation areas, while the control efforts by departments of forestry and grassland included building of forests for snail control and schistosomiasis prevention covering 23 913.33 hm², renovation of snail control forests covering 8 720 hm² and newly building of shelterbelts covering 764 686.67 hm². All 63 endemic counties (cities and districts) had achieved the criterion for schistosomiasis elimination criteria in Sichuan Province by the end of 2023. Conclusion Following the integrated control efforts from 2015 to 2023, remarkable achievements have been obtained in the schistosomiasis control programme in Sichuan Province, with all endemic counties successfully attaining the schistosomiasis elimination target at the county level.

[摘 要] 目的：构建绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）/萤光素酶（Luc）双荧光标记的肿瘤细胞株，建立人链式激活免疫细胞制剂对非小细胞肺癌细胞杀伤活性的检测方法，并进行初步验证。方法: 通过HLA高分辨分型筛选出HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-C基因型别为纯合子且相应等位基因的分布频率高于2.500%的非小细胞肺癌细胞系作为细胞模型，采用携带有GFP和Luc基因的重组慢病毒感染原始细胞株而获得GFP、Luc稳定表达的细胞系作为靶细胞。通过效应细胞与靶细胞共培养，并优化靶细胞前处理步骤、共培养时间、效靶比等参数，建立人链式激活免疫细胞制剂对非小细胞肺癌杀伤活性的检测方法，并进行专属性、精密度验证。结果:通过HLA高分辨分型，成功筛选出高频等位基因HLA‑A*11:01:01（20.893%）、HLA‑B*52:01:01（2.991%）、HLA‑C*12:02:02（3.139%）的非小细胞肺癌（HCC827）细胞株作为细胞模型。通过慢病毒载体成功构建GFP/Luc双荧光标记的HCC827细胞株，GFP阳性率达 96%。重组慢病毒滴度为1.83 × 10⁷ TU/mL。效靶比为5∶1、10∶1、15∶1、20∶1时，各组间杀伤活性差异显著（P < 0.05），且杀伤活性随培养时间延长显著升高（P <0.000 1）。经综合评估后确认最优参数效靶比为10∶1，共培养时间为72 h。方法学验证表明，建立的方法专属性强；重复性变异系数为0.80%~1.86%；精密度变异系数为1.00%~1.58%，方差分析显示差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），说明方法重复性良好。结论: 成功建立了人链式激活免疫细胞制剂对非小细胞肺癌杀伤活性的检测方法并验证成功，该方法有助于人链式激活免疫细胞制剂在细胞免疫治疗有效性评价中发挥重要作用。 

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) is the primary etiological factor in cervical lesions and cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors(TLRs), as important pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, play a key role in the persistence of cervical HR-HPV infection. The "latent pathogen theory" in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) holds that latent pathogens have both "latent" and "triggered" characteristics, which closely resemble the persistent infection and latent pathogenic potential of cervical HR-HPV. Guided by the "latent pathogen theory" and using contemporary immunological techniques, this paper explores the bidirectional immunomodulatory effects of TLRs in the persistence of cervical HR-HPV infection and their relationship with latent pathogens. The results indicate that TLRs play a crucial role in immune recognition and modulation. Dysregulation and overactivation of TLRs can induce chronic inflammation, allowing cervical HR-HPV to persist and evade immune detection. TLR dysfunction, coupled with a deficiency in healthy Qi that prevents the expulsion of pathogens, is a critical factor in the pathogenicity of latent pathogens. Restoring healthy Qi to modulate the immune functions of TLRs emerges as an important strategy for clearing cervical HR-HPV infection. By harmonizing the spleen and kidney and regulating immune balance, it is possible to reverse cervical HR-HPV infection, providing a scientific basis for clinical research.
Humans ; Toll-Like Receptors/genetics* ; Female ; Papillomavirus Infections/genetics* ; Papillomaviridae/immunology* ; Persistent Infection/genetics* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Cervix Uteri/immunology* ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) in children and to enhance the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 6 children diagnosed with DPB who were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2011 to December 2019. RESULTS: Among the 6 patients, there were 2 males and 4 females; the age at diagnosis ranged from 7 to 12 years. All patients presented with cough, sputum production, and exertional dyspnea, and all had a history of sinusitis. Two cases showed positive serum cold agglutinin tests, and 5 cases exhibited pathological changes consistent with chronic bronchiolitis. High-resolution chest CT in all patients revealed centrilobular nodules diffusely distributed throughout both lungs with a tree-in-bud appearance. Five patients received low-dose azithromycin maintenance therapy, but 3 showed inadequate treatment response. After empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment, non-tuberculous Mycobacteria were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Follow-up over 2 years showed 1 case cured, 3 cases significantly improved, and 2 cases partially improved. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of DPB is non-specific and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. In cases where DPB is clinically diagnosed but does not show improvement with low-dose azithromycin treatment, special infections should be considered.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Bronchiolitis/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Child ; Haemophilus Infections/diagnosis*