Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the etiology and progression of various diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine, the whole plants of Thesium chinense Turcz. and its preparations (e.g. Bairui Granules) have been employed to manage inflammatory conditions. While flavonoids were previously considered the primary anti-inflammatory components, other potentially active constituents have been largely overlooked and not thoroughly investigated. This study presents a novel finding that the total alkaloids of T. chinense (BC-Alk) are potent active substances underlying the traditional and clinical applications of T. chinense and Bairui Granules as anti-inflammatory agents. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified the composition of BC-Alk as quinolizidine alkaloids. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of BC-Alk was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation model in mice. Results demonstrated that BC-Alk significantly mitigated LPS-induced lung inflammation, attenuated the overproduction of IL-1β and the overproduction of inflammatory factors (TNF-α), and ameliorated lung tissue hyperplasia in mice in vivo. Mechanistic studies in vitro revealed that BC-Alk upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins NQO1 and glutamate-cystine ligase and modifier subunit (GCLM), inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation, and suppressed NLRP3 activation. Collectively, these findings indicate that BC-Alk exerts potent inhibitory effects against lung inflammation by modulating Nrf2, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways. This study provides new insights into the anti-inflammatory constituents of T. chinense and Bairui Granules.
Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects* ; Alkaloids/pharmacology* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Pneumonia/genetics*

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effect of microgravity-mediated Notch1 signaling on macrophage polarization on bone homeostasis.Methods:The animal model was constructed by tail-limb suspension(HLS)to simulate the microgravity environment.The animals were grouped into Control group,HLS group,HLS+NC group,HLS+si group,HLS+rhNF-κB group.ELISA was used to detect the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum of rats.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of bone tissue.Immunofluo-rescence was used to detect the polarization of macrophages in bone tissue.The rat osteoblast CP-R091 microgravity model was con-structed by simulating the microgravity environment with a rotating wall bioreactor.The cell experiments were divided into Control group,HLS group,HLS+NC group,HLS+si group,HLS+rhNF-κB group.CCK-8 test was used to detect the proliferation activity of cells in each group,and AO test was used to test the apoptosis rate of cells in each group.PCR was used to detect the expression of os-teogenesis-related genes in bone tissues and cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Notch1,hair division-related en-hancer-1(HES-1),and Notch pathway ligand 1(Jagged1)in bone tissues and cells of each group.Results:Compared with control group,the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum of the rats in the HLS group,the apoptosis rate,and the proportion of M1 macro-phages were significantly increased.Compared with HLS group,the HLS+si group could obviously partially reverse the change trend of the above parameters,while HLS+rhNF-κB group significantly changed the above parameter values.Compared with control group,the proliferation activity of the cells in the HLS group was significantly reduced,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased.Com-pared with HLS group,the HLS+si group could obviously partially reverse the change trend of the above parameters,while the HLS+rhNF-κB group made the above parameter values worse.The expressions of the osteogenesis-related genes collagen type Ⅰ(COL1),osteocalcin(OCN)and Runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in bone tissues and cells in the microgravity environment were significantly decreased,while the expressions of Notch-1,Hes-1 and Jagged1 were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Microgravity-mediated Notch1 signaling regulates M1/M2 polarization of macro-phages,participates in cell proliferation and apoptosis in bone tissue,and affects the progress of bone homeostasis.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous inflammation and ulcer formation in the intestinal mucosa.Its pathogenesis involves immune dysfunction,dysbio-sis of gut microbiota,and mucosal damage caused by inflammation.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death regulated by disturbances in iron metabolism,lipid peroxidation,and depletion of glutathione(GSH).Studies have indicated that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of UC,particularly in regulating in-flammatory responses and damaging intestinal epithelial cells.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms and roles of ferroptosis in UC and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate UC symptoms by modulating iron metabolism,reducing lipid peroxidation,and maintaining GSH levels,providing new targets and directions for the diagnosis and treatment of UC.

[Objective]To observe the clinical effect of"lung-intestinal treatment"method for adjuvant treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)mechanical ventilation patients with syndrome of lung heat and Fu-viscera excess.[Methods]Sixty-two patients with AECOPD in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine(PCCM)and Intensive Care Unit(ICU)of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were selected and divided into conventional treatment group and treatment group by random number table,31 cases in each group.The conventional treatment group was treated with western medicine,and the treatment group was added with lung-intestinal treatment on the basis of the conventional treatment group.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome points,blood gas index,ventilator parameters,mechanical ventilation time,complications and clinical effects were observed.[Results]Compared with before treatment,the conventional treatment group had improvement in the blood gas index,ventilator parameters,TCM syndrome(cough and asthma,sputum,abdominal distension and constipation,fever,chest tightness)and total points after treatment(P＜0.05);after treatment,the blood gas index,ventilator parameters,TCM syndrome(cough and asthma,sputum,abdominal distension and constipation,fever,chest tightness,loss of appetite)were relieved and total scores were all improved in the treatment group(P＜0.05).Compared with the conventional treatment group,the treatment group had significantly improved blood gas index,ventilator parameters and clinical effects,the TCM symptoms(chest tightness,cough and asthma,abdominal distension and constipation,loss of appetite)were relieved and total scores were improved(P＜0.05),and the time of mechanical ventilation and complications were reduced compared with the conventional treatment group(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The treatment of AECOPD mechanical ventilation patients with"lung-intestinal treatment"method has clear cu rative effect,which can relieve clinical symptoms,shorten the time of mechanical ventilation,and the efficacy is better than that of western medicine alone.

Objective:To investigate the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of the Chinese herbal medicine Oxalis cor-niculata on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.Methods:Through in vitro experiment,we treated human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with different concentrations of Oxalis corniculata,assessed the viability of the cells by MTT assay,examined their apoptosis by flow cytometry,evaluated their migration and invasiveness by Transwell assay,and determined the expressions of the proteins p65,p-p65,IκBα and p-IκBα in the NF-κB pathway using protein imprinting technology.Results:Compared with the blank control,Oxalis cor-niculata significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of the PC-3 cells(P＜0.05),suppressed their migration and invasiveness in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05),and upregulated the expression of IκBα and downregulated those of p-p65 and p-IKBα in the NF-κB pathway(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Oxalis corniculata can inhibit the proliferation,migration and inva-siveness and induce the apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC cells,which may be attributed to its abilities of inhibiting the expres-sions of p-p65 and p-IκBα and regulating the activity of the NF-κB pathway.

Major antidepressants for the treatment of depression have several shortcomings such as delayed therapeutic action, limited remission rate and various adverse effects. Psychedelics are a group of psychoactive substances that can improve perception, mood and cognition. An increasing body of evidence shows that psychedelics positively promote individual social functioning and have a rapid and sustained improvement in moderate or severe depression. Therefore, the antidepressant effects of psychedelics have gained increasing attentions in recent years. This review summarizes the progress of research on the antidepressant effects of some representative psychedelics and their potential mechanisms of antidepressant action, and discusses the risks of clinical application of psychedelics.

Major antidepressants for the treatment of depression have several shortcomings such as delayed therapeutic action, limited remission rate and various adverse effects. Psychedelics are a group of psychoactive substances that can improve perception, mood and cognition. An increasing body of evidence shows that psychedelics positively promote individual social functioning and have a rapid and sustained improvement in moderate or severe depression. Therefore, the antidepressant effects of psychedelics have gained increasing attentions in recent years. This review summarizes the progress of research on the antidepressant effects of some representative psychedelics and their potential mechanisms of antidepressant action, and discusses the risks of clinical application of psychedelics.

Esophagus ; Humans ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Trachea