Peripheral neurotoxicity represents one of the most severe dose-limiting adverse reactions associated with oxaliplatin， with genetic polymorphisms playing a significant role in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy （OIPN）. OIPN can be categorized as acute or chronic based on onset timing. The former presents clinically as sensory abnormalities or even motor disorders， while the latter presents clinically as limb sensory disorders that persist， numbness or pain in the hands and feet. The transporter genes OCT2， OCTN2， and NHE1 may be implicated in OIPN； drug-metabolizing enzyme gene GSTP1 Ile105Val， DPYD rs1801265， voltage-gated sodium channel （NaV） gene SCN4A rs2302237， SCN9A rs6746030， SCN10A rs12632942， and other associated genes such as HLA-G rs1610696， rs371194629 and CCNH rs2230641， rs3093816 are associated with severe OIPN. Conversely， DNA repair-related gene XRCC1 rs23885， NaV gene SCN9A rs3750904， rs12478318 and rs6754031 are associated with reduced OIPN risk. In the future， the genetic research findings on OIPN can be translated into clinical applications， ultimately achieving individualized precision medicine for patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Yigan Fupi Prescription （抑肝扶脾方， YFP） in treating diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） by investigating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group， and pinaverium bromide group， with 10 rats in each group. All groups but the control group， were subjected to 21 days of tail-clamping stimulation and 14 days of senna leaf gavage to establish a liver stagnation and spleen deficiency-type IBS-D rat model. After successful modeling， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group were administered 0.96， 1.93， and 3.87 g/（kg·d） of the prescription， respectively. The pinaverium bromide group was given 13.5 mg/（kg·d）， while the control and model groups were given 10 ml/（kg·d） distilled water. All groups were administered once daily for 14 consecutive days. General conditions of the rats were recorded during the experiment， and after modeling and drug administration， body weight， Bristol stool score， abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） score， and histo pathology of colon tissue were observed under HE staining. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the levels of AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins including phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT）/AKT and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）/mTOR in the colon tissue. Western Blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins， including UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1）， Beclin1 and LC3， and tight junction proteins including Occludin and ZO-1 in the colon tissue. ResultsAfter modeling， compared to the control group， the body weight of rats in the other groups decreased， and Bristol stool scores， as well as AWR scores under 20， 40， 60， and 80 mmHg increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After drug administration， compared to the control group， the model group showed reduced body weight， decreased ULK1， Beclin1， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， Occludin， and ZO-1 protein levels in the colon tissue （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and increased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores， serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， as well as p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Pathological results showed a significant reduction in goblet cells in the upper part of the glandular layer of the colon， with mild inflammatory cell infiltration. The submucosal collagen fibers were dissolved， with unclear boundaries， pale staining， and microvascular congestion and dilation. Compared with the model group， the YFP low-， medium-， and high-dose group and the pinaverium bromide group showed increased body weight， Beclin1， Occludin， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ protein levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and decreased Bristol stool scores， AWR scores under 40， 60， and 80 mmHg， serum IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α levels， and p-AKT/AKT， p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathological morphology of the rats in the YFP groups and pinaverium bromide group showed varying degrees of improvement. Compared with the pinaverium bromide group， the YFP low- and medium-dose group showed increased AWR scores under 20， 40， and 60 mmHg （P＜0.05）. The YFP low-dose group had reduced TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels， and increased p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels occured in all YFP groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with the YFP low-dose group， the YFP high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group showed decreased AWR scores under different pressure levels and reduced p-AKT/AKT protein relative expression levels， while the YFP medium- and high-dose group had elevated serum TNF-α， IL-1β levels and reduced p-mTOR/mTOR protein relative expression levels （P＜0.05）. ConclusionYFP can effectively improve the pathological injury of colon tissue in IBS-D model rats with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency， reduce Bristol stool and AWR scores， and its mechanism may be related to reducing level of inflammatory factors and inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in colon tissue， thereby enhancing the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the colon tissue.

[Objective] To analyse the distribution of antigen phenotypes in the Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems of Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, and to provide data support for the establishment of an expanded blood group antigen phenotype database and the development of expanded blood group coordinated transfusion in blood donors. [Methods] The antigens of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems in Han and Tujia blood donors in Chongqing were detected by test-tube method, and the Hardy-Weinborg anastomosis of the three blood group systems was calculated. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare the differences in phenotypic distribution frequencies among different regions and ethnic groups. [Results] Han and Tujia blood donors accounted for the highest proportion of CCee in the antigenic phenotype of the Rh blood group system, followed by CcEe, and then Ccee and ccEE. Tujia blood donors accounted for 52.02% of CCee, which was higher than that of Han blood donors (47.24%), while Han blood donors accounted for 32.20% of CcEe, which was higher than that of Tujia blood donors (28.94%). In the antigenic phenotype of the MNS blood group system, the blood donors of Han nationality and Tujia were MN>MM>NN,. The antigen phenotype distribution frequency of the Kidd blood group system was highest for Jk(a+b+) among both Han and Tujia blood donors, and the blood donors of Han nationality were Jk(a+b+)>Jk(a+b+), while those of Tujia were Jk(a-b+)>Jk(a+b-). The antigens of the three blood groups of Han and Tujia blood donors were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg balance(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of antigen phenotypes of the three blood group systems between Han and Tujia blood donors(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Chongqing and Xi'an, Zhejiang, Shantou, Foshan, Nanning and Yangzhou(P<0.05), but not with Guang'an and Shenzhen(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Rh antigens between Han, Tujia, Zang, Mongolian, Korean and Hani ethnic groups in Chongqing(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigens between Han blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi, Hainan and Yuncheng, but not with Xi'an and Wenzhou. There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing and Urumqi and Hainan(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of MNS antigen between Tujia blood donors in Chongqing, Urumqi and Hainan(P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the phenotypic distribution frequency of Kidd antigens between blood donors in Chongqing and Harbin(P<0.05), but not in Huizhou, Wenzhou and Yichang(P>0.05). [Conclusion] The population in Chongqing has multi-ethnic characteristics, and the antigenic phenotypes of Rh, MNS and Kidd blood group systems exhibit diversity and regional differences. Establishing an expanded blood bank can provide more options for precision blood transfusion.

ObjectiveTo explore the process and guidelines for ethical review in decentralized drug clinical trials， promote clinical trial progress， and ensure drug development progress. MethodsThe key points of the ethical review were summarized by studying the relevant laws and regulations on decentralized drug clinical trials， analyzing the advantages and challenges of decentralized drug clinical trials， and combining the experience of the ethics committee of the institution in reviewing decentralized drug clinical trials. ResultsRelevant laws and regulations were the basis for the ethical review， and the ethics committee should adopt appropriate review methods based on regulations and hospital ethical standard operating procedures. The ethics committee should focus on the feasibility， applicability， and rationality， the adequacy of informed consent， the protection of rights and interests and privacy of subjects， as well as the qualification and standard operating procedures of electronic platforms for conducting decentralized drug clinical trials. ConclusionDecentralized drug clinical trials are in their early stages and urgently require guidance from relevant laws and regulations. Ethical review is also constantly being refined through exploration. It is necessary to supervise the implementation of responsibilities by all parties， pay attention to the rights and interests of subjects， and gradually promote the implementation of decentralized drug clinical trials.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the concentration of inositol nicotinate（IN） in rat skin, and study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of IN after transdermal administration of heparin sodium inositol nicotinate cream in rats. Methods HPLC method was used to establish a simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of IN concentration in the skin of rats at different time points after administration. The established method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of IN after transdermal administration of heparin sodium inositol nicotinate cream in rats, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted with DAS software. Results The linearity of the analytical method was good in the concentration range of 0.25-20 μg/ml, the quantitative limit was 0.25 μg/ml, and the average recovery rate was 96.18%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of IN after transdermal administration of heparin sodium inositol nicotinate cream in rats were as follows: t_1/2 was （4.555±2.054） h, T_max was （6±0）h, C_max was （16.929±2.153）mg/L, AUC_0−t was （150.665±16.568） mg·h /L ,AUC_0−∞ was （161.074±23.917） mg·h /L, MRT_（0−t） was （9.044±0.618）h, MRT_{（0−∞）} was （10.444±1.91） h, CLz/F was （0.19±0.03） L/（h·kg）, and Vz/F was （1.19±0.437） L/（h·kg）. Conclusion IN could quickly penetrate the skin and accumulate in the skin for a long time, which was beneficial to the pharmacological action of drugs on the lesion site for a long time. The method is simple, rapid, specific and reproducible, which could be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of IN after transdermal administration in rats.

Object To study the efficacy and potential mechanism of Tongbianling capsule in constipation. Methods The effects of Tongbianling capsule on intestinal motility in normal mice and carbon powder propulsion rate in small intestine of constipation model mice after were observed administration. The potential targets and key pathways of Tongbianling capsule in treating constipation were identified through network pharmacology. To verify the mechanism, the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and CASP3 proteins in mouse colon tissue was detected by the western blot. Results The time for mice to excrete the first black stool was shortened and the number of fecal particles was increased in Tongbianling capsule administration group, and the carbon powder propulsion rate of mice in each Tongbianling capsule administration group was increased. The results of network pharmacology showed that treatment of constipation by Tongbianling capsule may be related to signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and 5-HT. The protein expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and CASP3 in mouse colon tissue could be significantly downregulated in administration group. Conclusion Tongbianling capsule could effectively promote intestinal peristalsis in mice, increase the frequency of defecation, and effectively treat constipation. The mechanism of its action may be related to the direct or indirect regulation of intestinal motility by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Five compounds were isolated and purified from the water extract of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend leaf by multi-dimensional reversed-phase preparative liquid chromatographic system based on the separation and enrichment model. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as NMR, MS, UV, IR and by comparison with literature information as 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (1), elaeagnussugarester B (2), elaeagnussugarester A (3), elaeagnussugarester C (4), gallic acid (5). Compounds 2-4 are new compounds, compound 1 was isolated from Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend for the first time. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of these compounds were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical method, the potassium ferricyanide reduction method and the colorimetric method with L-tyrosine as substrate. The results showed that compounds 2-5 have good antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Compound 4 exhibited the most strong antioxidant activities, with IC₅₀ = 3.59 ± 0.06 μmol·L^-1 for DPPH free radical scavenging ability, IC₅₀ = 10.04 ± 0.20 μmol·L^-1 for ABTS free radical scavenging ability, and total reduction capacity of compound 4 was better than vitamin C respectively. Compound 3 possessed better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with IC₅₀ = 0.25 ± 0.06 mmol·L^-1.

Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Objective To analyze the operation of Measles Surveillance System (MSS) in Hebei Province, and to provide evidence for measles elimination. Methods Measles surveillance data was collected from the MSS from 2020 to 2023, and a modified weighted technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to evaluate the surveillance indexes of measles in Hebei Province. Results The operation quality of the measles surveillance system in Hebei Province was improved year by year, with the highest quality in 2023, and all the indicators reached the monitoring program standards. The quality of measles surveillance system was not balanced among cities, and the main influencing factor was the substandard sensitivity indicators. The quality of measles surveillance system was the highest in Baoding City and the lowest in Zhangjiakou City. Conclusion The measles surveillance system in Hebei province is running well, and the sensitivity of the surveillance system should be improved to keep the high-quality operation of the surveillance system.

ObjectiveTo analyze the adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae）- Wutou （Aconitum） in the same formula， with the aim of providing a reference for the safety of their clinical application. MethodsLiterature on the clinical application of antagonistic herbs "Banxia-Wutou" used in the same formula， published from January 1st， 2014， to June 30th， 2023， was retrieved from databases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase. A database was established， and information related to adverse reactions was extracted， including descriptions， classifications， specific manifestations， management and outcomes， patients' primary diseases （western medicine diseases and traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and syndromes）， and medication information （dosage， ratio， administration routes， and dosage forms）. ResultsA total of 79 researches simultaneously used antagonistic herbs Banxia-Wutou in the same formula and reported associated advers reactions. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most common， with 8 studies reporting management of adverse reactions and 3 studies reporting improvement with no intervention. Among the 11 researches， the adverse reaction relieved to extant， while other 69 researches didn't report the managment of adverse reaction and its prognosis. For the primary disease in western medicine system， chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） were most common， while gastric pain was the most common symptom in traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and kidney deficiency and spleen stomach cold deficiency being the most frequent syndromes. The most common Banxia dosage was 10 g， while for the Wutou， Fuzi （Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata） was predominant with the highest dose at 15 g. The most frequent herbal combination was Banxia-fuzi， with a 1∶1 ratio. The main administration route was oral， and the primary dosage form was decoction. ConclusionGastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most common in the clinical use of Banxia-Wutou antagonistic herb combinations. Research on the safety of "Banxia-Wutou" combinations should focus on respiratory system diseases and spleen-stomach related conditions.