Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization （D-TACE） combined with infusion chemotherapy via superior mesenteric artery versus D-TACE alone in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） complicated by portal vein tumor thrombus （PVTT）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the data of patients with HCC and PVTT who underwent interventional treatment in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023， among whom 15 patients received D-TACE combined with infusion chemotherapy via superior mesenteric artery and were enrolled as observation group， and after propensity score matching at a ratio of 1∶1， 15 patients who received D-TACE alone were enrolled as control group. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the upper abdomen was performed at 1， 2， and 3 months after surgery and every 3 months thereafter to evaluate the conditions of liver tumor and PVTT. Objective response rate （ORR） and disease control rate （DCR） were compared between the two groups. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of preoperative and postoperative data； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison between two groups. ResultsBoth groups had a technical success rate of 100%， with no serious complications after surgery. The patients were followed up for 3-26 months （mean 10.5±6.7 months）. At 3 months after surgery， there were no significant differences between the observation group and the control group in ORR （73.3% vs 53.3%， χ²=1.292， P=0.256） and DCR （93.3% vs 80.0%， χ²=1.154， P=0.283） for liver tumors， and compared with the control group， the observation group had significantly higher ORR and DCR for PVTT （ORR： 46.7% vs 13.3%， χ²=3.968， P=0.046； DCR： 100% vs 73.3%， χ²=4.615， P=0.032）. The 3-， 6-， and 12-month cumulative progression-free survival rates were 93.3%， 86.2%， and 68.9%， respectively， for the observation group and were 80.0%， 62.2%， and 24.9%， respectively， for the control group （P=0.028）， and the 3-， 6-， and 12-month cumulative overall survival rates were 100%， 88.9%， and 88.9%， respectively， for the observation group and were 93.3%， 85.6%， and 70.0%， respectively， for the control group （P=0.340）. ConclusionCompared with D-TACE alone， D-TACE combined with infusion chemotherapy via the superior mesenteric artery shows better short-term efficacy in the treatment of HCC complicated by PVTT.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and PubMed database, literature search was conducted with the keywords ^“pregnancy^” and ^“monkeypox^”, and 27 related research articles were selected for analysis. Through a comprehensive review of the related literature, we aim to improve our knowledge of this viral disease, better our prevention, treatment and responses to future monkeypox outbreaks in China, so as to better protect the safety of mothers and infants. Maternal monkeypox can be prevented and controlled, if active and effective measures are taken in time. Drawing on the experience and lessons from monkeypox outbreaks at home and abroad, it is suggested that hospitals and public health agencies at all levels should raise awareness, and establish an effective emergency preparedness system for the prevention and control of potential future outbreaks.

Cation exchange chromatography, as a commonly used separation and purification technique in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, is often employed for downstream processes to separate target monoclonal antibodies from their charge variants. For samples with complex and poorly resolved charge variant profiles, the collection solely based on ultraviolet detection does not provide specific compositional information for individual charge variants, making it challenging to determine the range of pooled fractions directly. Subsequent laborious fractionation analysis is then required to guide collection according to production requirements. A mechanistic model for the cation exchange chromatography process of the target monoclonal antibody's critical components was established, and it was employed to assist in product collection. The model accurately predicted the elution peak shapes of the modeled variants, with a root mean square error between predicted and actual values below 0.009. In comparison to the online ultraviolet-based collection method, the model-assisted collection method not only visualized the chromatographic process but also increased the relative productivity by fourfold while ensuring compliance rate.

At present, brain disease has become a "killer" in the field of general health, and the existence of blood-brain barrier has become one of the challenges in drug delivery into the brain. According to studies, cell membrane coating technique can endow nanoparticles with the characteristics of immune escape, long circulation, targeted delivery, and so on. Therefore, membrane biomimetic nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of disease treatment. Among them, the cell membrane derived from immune cells, tumor cells, and stem cells can cross the blood-brain barrier through the transcellular pathway and cell bypass pathway, which is used to prepare biomimetic membrane nanoparticles to break through the blood-brain barrier to achieve the treatment of brain diseases. What's more, the brain targeted ability of biomimetic nanoparticles would be further enhanced by modifying the cell membrane with peptides. This paper introduces the preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, expounds in detail the way that cell membrane coated nanoparticles break through the blood-brain barrier and achieve efficient intracerebral drug delivery. It also summarizes the prospects and challenges of this novel drug delivery system in the treatment of brain diseases, providing a reference for the research of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles in the treatment of brain diseases.

Tuberculosis （TB） and human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） are both serious global public health threats. Early detection of infected persons and/or patients through TB/HIV bi-directional screening is crucial for prevention and control strategy in China and globally. In recent years， with the promotion and application of new TB and HIV detection technologies worldwide， TB/HIV bi-directional screening technologies and strategies have made remarkable changes. This expert consensus introduces the significance and challenges of TB/HIV bi-directional screening， summarizes important progress of research and applications， and makes recommendations on screening measures and procedures to further strengthen TB/HIV bi-directional screening in China.

Objective To investigate the role of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in mediating restraint stress-induced blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury in the amygdala of rats.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomized equally into control group(with food and water deprivation for 6 h per day),restraint stress group(with restraint for 6 h per day),stress + fasudil treatment(administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 mg/100 g 30 min before the 6-h restraint)group,and fasudil treatment alone group.The elevated plus-maze test was used to detect behavioral changes of the rats,serum corticosterone and S100B levels were determined with ELISA,and Evans Blue leakage in the brain tissue was examined to evaluate the changes in BBB permeability.The changes in expression levels of tight junction proteins in the amygdala were detected using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting,and Rho/ROCK pathway activation was detected by Pull-down test and Western blotting.Ultrastructural changes of the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with those in the control group,the rats in restrain stress group and stress+fasudil group showed obvious anxiety-like behavior with significantly increased serum corticosterone level(P<0.001).Compared with those in the control group and stress+fasudil group,the rat models of restrain stress showed more obvious Evans Blue leakage and higher S100B expression(P<0.01)but lower expressions of tight junction proteins in the amygdala.Pull-down test and Western blotting confirmed that the expression levels of RhoA-GTP,ROCK2 and P-MLC 2 were significantly higher in stress group than in the control group and stress + fasudil group(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscopy revealed obvious ultrastructural changes in the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in the rat models of restrain stress.Conclusion Restraint stress induces BBB injury in the amygdala of rats by activating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

[Objective] To investigate the correlation between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. [Methods] Venous blood samples were collected from 501 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations at Yan’an Hospital in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect HBV halves. Based on the results of HBV half detection, the patients were divided into three groups: HBV carrier group, previous infection group, and healthy control group. The HLA-A antigen genotype was detected using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping technology, and the distribution frequency of HLA-A gene polymorphism was compared between HBV carrier group and healthy control group, as well as between previous infection group and healthy control group. SPSS17.0 software was used for data statistical analysis. [Results] In the healthy control group, the HLA-A2 positivity rate was 47.49%, and the allele frequency was 31.29%.The overall frequency of gene distribution in the healthy control group was consistent with the HLA-A allele table commonly and confirmed in China published by the Chinese Bone Marrow Bank. The HLA-A2 positivity rate and allele frequency in the HBV carrier group were 63.04% and 42.23%, respectively; The difference in HLA-A2 positivity rate and allele frequency among carriers was statistically significant (P<0.05). the HLA-A2 positivity rate and allele frequency in the HBV previous infection group were 56.14% and 35.97%, respectively, which did not significantly differ from those in the healthy control group (P>0.05). [Conclusion] HLA-A2 gene may be a susceptibility gene for chronic hepatitis B HBV carriers.