Objective: To understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in minority areas of Yunnan Province, and to explore the influence of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes, so as to provide a basis for early myopia intervention. Methods: In October 2020, the survey was conducted among 1 782 primary and secondary school students in three cities of Yunnan through a multi stage random cluster sampling method. All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey and the visual acuity examination at baseline. The first follow-up was conducted in October 2021 to obtain 1 691 valid samples, and the second follow-up was conducted in May 2023 to obtain 1 367 valid samples. Factors associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students were explored by using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence rates of myopia in 2020, 2021 and 2023 were 52.64%, 61.62% and 69.35%, respectively, showing an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =91.77, P <0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis on the generalized estimation equations showed that age at baseline ( OR =1.31), girls ( OR =1.76), Hani ethnicity ( OR =0.75), Bai ethnicity ( OR =0.69), parental myopia ( OR =1.97-2.29), parents often reducing children s exercise time for homework or tutoring ( OR =1.35), less than 1 time or 2-3 times of ball sports per week ( OR =1.27, 1.20 ), reading and writing in the classroom during the break ( OR =1.27), reading in direct sunlight occasionally ( OR =1.20), using only desk lamp for writing at home ( OR =0.71), more than 1 hours of short-distance eye use for a break once ( OR =1.23) were associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Outdoor activities and short-distance use of eye among primary and middle school students in minority areas in Yunnan province are suboptimal. Enhancing the related environmental and behavioral factors can effectively mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia.

Objective:To explore the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and their relationship with prognosis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical, imaging, and pathological data of 130 patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan and the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to March 2023. Imaging examinations （CT and MRI） were used to evaluate the lesion boundary clarity, density, enhancement nature, and enhancement degree. Postoperative pathological examination was used to determine the pathological nature, immunohistochemistry, etc. Statistical methods such as χ² test, Spearman correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze the data. Results:Among the 130 patients, 127 were male and 3 were female, with an average age of （61.92±9.595） years. There was a correlation between clinical, imaging, and pathological features. Multivariate analysis showed that heterogeneous MRI density （OR=12.414;P=0.019） and squamous cell carcinoma as a subtype were correlated. The initial symptom of non-hoarseness （HR=6.045;P=0.010） and unclear MRI boundary （HR=12.559; P=0.029） were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Conclusion:There is a correlation between the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, and they can affect prognosis. The initial symptom of non-hoarseness and unclear MRI boundary of the tumor are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.
Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Glottis/pathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Aged

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the course of antibiotics during perioperative period and postoperative infection in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) undergoing cesarean section, and to guide the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice. METHODS A total of 53 cesarean section women in the hospital from January 2014 to September 2022 were chosen as research objects. According to the course of antibiotics, the puerperae were divided into two groups. The treatment course of antibiotics in the study group(n=31) was >24 h and ≤48 h, and the control group(n=22) was ≤24 h. The postoperative wound healing, inflammatory indexes, postoperative infection rate, and postoperative hospital stay were observed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in postoperative body temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil ratio, C-reactive protein, postoperative hospital stay, wound healing grade and postoperative infection rate between the study group and the control group. CONCLUSION Antibiotics for HIV/AIDS patients during perioperative period of cesarean section for <24 h may play a better role in preventing postoperative infection.

The research focus of diabetes, a common chronic metabolic disease, has shifted from individual factors to environmental factors at the population level. Epidemiological studies suggest an association between exposure to environmental pollutants and the risk of diabetes. Major environmental pollutants include organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates and their metabolites, and arsenics, which primarily enter the human body through the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system. Long-term exposure to these pollutants can affect the pathology of diabetes through various mechanisms, such as promoting insulin resistance, causing insulin secretion deficiencies, inducing oxidative stress-induced glucose metabolism disorders, and affecting DNA methylation. However, the potential damaging mechanism of the impact of environmental pollutants on diabetes remain unclear. Limitations such as insufficient sample sizes, uncertainties regarding exposure time and dosage, and differences between single and co-exposures. In the future, it is necessary to focus on exploring and analyzing the mechanisms of environmental pollutant exposure on diabetes to develop effective prevention strategies, control and reduce the incidence and development of diabetes, and provide new insights into its diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of five children with epilepsies due to variants of SCN8A gene. Methods:Clinical data of five children (four males and one female) admitted to Linyi People′s Hospital due to hereditary epilepsies between August 2015 and August 2022 were collected. Whole exome sequencing was carried out for these children, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:All of the five children were found to harbor variants of the SCN8A gene. Case 1, who had benign familial infantile epilepsy, inherited a known pathogenic c. 4840A>G variant from his father with similar symptoms. Cases 2 to 4 had presented with intermediate epilepsy. Among these, case 2 has harbored a de novo c. 3967G>A variant which was rated as pathogenic (PS1+ PS2+ PM1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP3) based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Cases 3 and 4 were found to respectively harbor a de novo c. 415A>T and a c. 4697C>T variant, which were both rated as likely pathogenic (PS2+ PM1+ PM2_Supporting+ PP3). Case 5, who had early-onset infantile epileptic encephalopathy transformed into Lennox Gastaut-like syndrome, has harbored a de novo c. 5615G>A variant, which was known to be pathogenic. The children had their age of onset ranging from 2 to 14 months, and all had focal seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures. Four children (cases 1, 2, 3 and 5) had cluster seizures, four (cases 1 to 4) had become seizure-free after single or dual treatment and showed normal growth and development, whilst case 5 was drug-resistant and showed severe developmental retardation. Conclusion:The five children had new features such as cluster seizures, occasional benign seizures in adulthood, and intermediate epilepsy which are prone to relapse after discontinuation of medication, which may be attributed to the pathogenic variants of the SCN8A gene.

Objective:To discuss the effect of the force feedback perceptual rehabilitation training on finger motor function of the patients with finger motor dysfunction after stroke,and to provide the basis for the clinical application and promotion of the force feedback perceptual rehabilitation training.Methods:A total of 86 patients with hand dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into experimental group(n=43)and control group(n=43),and 3 cases in each group fell off from the experiment,and 80 cases were ultimately completed.On this basis,the patients in two groups received the conventional rehabilitation training for 40 min.The patients in control group received the conventional hand function training for 20 min,while the patients in experimental group received the force feedback perception rehabilitation training for 20 min,once per day,5 days per week,for a total of 6 weeks.The hand function recovery of the patients were evaluated before and after treatment by Action Research Arm Test(ARAT),grip strength,modified Ashworth scale(MAS),total active motion(TAM),Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment-upper limb(FMA-UL)finger motor part score,and Barthel index(BI).Results:Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in ARAT total score,grip strength,MAS grade,TAM,FMA-UL finger motor part score,and BI score of the patients between two groups(P＞0.05).After treated for 6 weeks,the ARAT scores,grip strengths,TAM,FMA-UL finger motor part scores,and BI scores of the patients in two groups were all increased than those before treatment(P＜0.05),while the MAS grades of the patients had no significant differences(P＞0.05).After treated for 6 weeks,compared with control group,the grasp score and grip score in ARAT score,and the difference of total ARAT score of the patients in experimental group were increased(P＜0.05),the TAM after treatment and the differences of grip strength,TAM,and FMA-UL finger motor part score of the patients before and after treatment were increased(P＜0.05),while the pinch scores and gross movement scores in ARAT score,MAS grades,and the differences of BI score before and after treatment had no significant differences(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Force feedback perceptual rehabilitation training is helpful in improving the finger motor function of the patients with finger motor dysfunction after stroke.

Objective To explore the expression of prohibitin(PHB)in tumor tissues and analyze its effect on the prognosis of patients with digestive system malignant tumor(DT)and its mechanism.Methods ①The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx)database were used to compare the expression of PHB in tumor tissues and normal tissues.②Five pairs of gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and 5 pairs of colon cancer and adjacent tissues were collected,and RT-qPCR was used to verify the mRNA expression levels.③ RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to verify the differential expression of PHB in normal gastric mucosa cells(GES-1),gastric cancer cells(AGS,MKN45 and HGC27),normal colon cells NCM-460 and human colon cancer cell line SW480.④R language was used to analyze the effect of PHB on the prognosis,tumor microenvironment,tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability of DT patients.⑤CIBERSORT algorithm was used to study the correlation between PHB expression in tumor tissues and tumor immune cell infiltration.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)was used to explore the biological function of PHB.⑥R language was used to analyze the relationship between PHB and drug sensitivity.Results ①PHB was highly expressed in colon cancer,cholangiocarcinoma,esophageal cancer,liver cancer,rectal cancer and gastric cancer(P＜0.01).②RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that PHB was highly expressed in the tissues and cell lines of gastric cancer(P＜0.01)and colon cancer(P＜0.01).③The differential expression of PHB was associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(P=0.002).In cholangiocarcinoma,gastric cancer,pancreatic cancer,liver cancer and esophageal cancer,PHB was positively correlated with tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability(P＜0.05).④PHB was positively correlated with M2 macrophages in colon cancer(P=0.03).In cholangiocarcinoma,it was positively correlated with activated CD4+memory T cells(P＜0.05).In esophageal carcinoma,it was positively correlated with activated hypertrophy(P=0.03).It was positively correlated with M0 and M2 macrophages and monocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma(P＜0.05).It was positively correlated with resting dendritic cells,eosinophils and activated CD4+memory T cells in rectal cancer(P＜0.05).It was positively correlated with M0 macrophages,activated mast cells,neutrophils,resting natural killer cells,activated CD4+memory T cells and follicular helper T cells in gastric cancer(P＜0.05).⑤PHB was mainly enriched in class I receptors,PPAR and calcium signaling pathways(P＜0.05).⑥ The expression of PHB was positively correlated with the sensitivity of 13 drugs,including ammonafide,prasinolide and abiraterone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of PHB is significantly related to the infiltration of various immune cells in DT and poor prognosis in DT patients,which may become a new biomarker and potential immunomodulatory target of DT.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of red light and daylight photodynamic therapy in the treatment of facial common acne.Methods:From March 2019 to November 2019, 52 patients with facial common acne who received 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled, including 34 males and 18 females, aged 18-35 years, with an average age of 23.2 years. A 5% concentration of 5-aminolevulinic acid was applied to the entire face, with the right side of the face being exposed to red light for 20 minutes and the left side to daylight for 2 hours. The treatment was administered once a week for a total of 4 sessions. After the treatment, the acne remission, adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction on both sides of the face were compared.Results:Compared with before treatment, the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions on both sides of the face in the enrolled patients decreased, and there was no significant difference in the clearance rate of skin lesions between the two sides [53.7% (28/52) vs 59.1% (31/52), χ 2=0.89, P>0.05]. The overall effective rate on the red light side was 88.5% (46/52), and 82.7% (43/52) on the daylight side, with no significant difference between the two (χ 2=0.38, P>0.05). In terms of adverse reactions, mild erythema was common, and it was less on the daylight side than on the red light side [34.6% (18/52) vs 19.2% (10/52), χ 2=5.98, P<0.05]. During the treatment period, the pain score on the daylight side decreased compared to the red light side [(7.6±2.3) vs (4.1±1.3), t=13.10, P<0.001]. Overall satisfaction with the daylight side was reported in 49 cases (94.2%), and with the red light side in 37 cases (71.2%), with the daylight side being higher than the red light side, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=9.60, P<0.05). Conclusion:Daylight photodynamic therapy is as effective as red light photodynamic therapy for common acne, but it produces fewer adverse reactions and higher patient satisfaction.

Objective To explore the effect of etomidate-propofol mixture anaesthesia in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods Eighty-two patients who underwent painless gastrointestinal endoscopy from September 2023 to November 2023 were divided into etomidate-propofol mixture group(observation group,n=41)and propofol group(control group,n=41)by using the random number table method.Morphine-benzedrine group(MBG)scores were recorded 30 min before the examination and before leaving the recovery room in both groups.Percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation(SpO2),heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were noted at anesthesia induction(T0),before entering the endoscope(T1),5 min after anesthesia induction(T2),and awakening(T3).Gastrointestinal endoscopy time,awakening time,recovery room stay time,total propofol consumption,and adverse reactions were also documented.Results MBG scores in both groups significantly increased before leaving the recovery room compared to 30 min before the examination,the observation group had lower MBG scores before leaving the recovery room in comparison with the control group,there were statistically significant(P＜0.05).From T1 to T3,MAP,SpO2,HR were higher in the observation group than those in the control group,there were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group had shorter awakening time and recovery room stay time,there were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group had lower total propofol consumption,there was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The observation group also exhibited a lower incidence of hypotension,hypoxemia,and injection pain,there were statistically significant(P＜0.05),with no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other adverse reactions(P＞0.05).Conclusion Etomidate-propofol combination anesthesia can reduce postoperative MBG scores in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy,contributing to a decreased risk of potential propofol addiction and abuse.Additionally,it stabilizes circulatory and respiratory functions,reduces adverse reactions rate,and shortens awakening time and recovery room stay time.Its application is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To analyze the differences in aging-related information between Chinese and American drug instruction for common chronic disease in the elderly,and to propose policy recommendations for the aging-related drug instruction in China.Methods Ten common chronic disease treatment drugs for elderly patients were selected,and through the random sampling method,the drug manuals of one domestic manufacturer were randomly selected for each drug by the random number method,and one American drug manual was selected as a sample from the dailymed website,and the information related to elderly people in the various items of the drug manuals was statistically analyzed by using Excel for comparative analysis.The average reading level of the patient version of the U.S.drug instructions was calculated using the Readability Formulas Scoring System;the readability of the Chinese drug instructions was assessed by the Health Education Text Material Suitability Scale.Results Compared with the U.S.drug instruction,the drug instruction for common chronic diseases of the elderly in China were updated less frequently and at a slower pace;the drug instruction with information on medication for elderly patients were fewer than those of the U.S.drug instruction,and the content of the drug instruction was not well documented;and the drug instruction were poorly readable,which was not conducive to the comprehension of the elderly patients.Conclusion China is in urgent need of reforming the aging of drug instructions,and it is recommended that,for chronic disease medications for elderly patients,we should increase the number of clinical trials conducted on the elderly,improve and complete the drug information for the elderly in the drug instructions,and produce"drug instructions for elderly patients"that are suitable for the elderly to read and understand.