Objective: To analyze the relationship between vitamin D and ferritin nutritional status with physical indicators in primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of students nutrition issues. Methods: From November to December 2023, 1 071 students aged 6-18 from key nutrition monitoring counties in the Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area were selected via stratified random sampling for physical and biochemical tests. The U test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test were used to compare the differences in physical indicators and the distribution of vitamin D and ferritin levels. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of vitamin D and ferritin deficiencies among different groups of primary and secondary school students. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nutritional levels of vitamin D and ferritin and physical indicators. Results: The median vitamin D level was 14.7 (10.7, 19.0)ng/mL, with deficiency and insufficiency rates of 30.8% and 37.4% among primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area. Ferritin levels were 57.4 (37.7, 83.9)μg/L, with a deficiency rate of 5.7%. Males, primary school students, and rural residents had higher vitamin D and ferritin levels than females, secondary school students, and urban residents ( U =-11.35, -6.88, -4.52; -3.94, -9.17, -5.23, P <0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in females, secondary school students, and urban students ( χ 2=97.52, 49.01, 21.89, P <0.05), while ferritin deficiency was higher in primary school students and urban areas ( χ 2=34.11, 5.63, P <0.05). Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumstance (WC) were observed across vitamin D/ferritin statuses ( U/H =35.47, 22.82; -4.19 , -5.36, P <0.05). Vitamin D and ferritin levels negatively correlated with age, BMI, and WC but positively with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ( r = -0.31, -0.19, -0.19, 0.20; -0.32, -0.13, -0.21, 0.08, P <0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D and ferritin levels in primary and secondary school students in key nutritional monitoring counties in Xinjiang are correlated with age, BMI, WC and WHtR, and there are nutrient deficiencies. Targeted measures are recommended to improve nutritional status and physical health.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of quercetin （QUE） on inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis （AR） model rats based on Toll-like receptor 4/interleukin 1 （IL-1） receptor-associated kinase/nuclear factor κB （TLR4/ IRAK4/NF-κB） signaling pathway. METHODS AR model rats were constructed by ovalbumin sensitization method. A total of 48 successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into AR group， QUE-L and QUE-H groups （i.g administration， 17.5， 35 mg/kg） and QUE-H+TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group （i.g administration of 35 mg/kg QUE+intravenous administration of 0.4 mg/kg LPS via tail vein）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 normal healthy rats were selected as control group， once a day， for 21 consecutive days. After the last medication， rhinitis symptoms of rats in each group were scored. The serum levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE）， histamine （HIS）， and inflammatory factors were all detected. The proportions of regulatory T cells （Treg） and helper T cells 17 （Th17） cells in blood were detected， the Th17/Treg ratio was calculated， and the pathological condition of nasal mucosal tissue was observed. The expressions of TLR4/IRAK4/NF-κB pathway related protein in nasal mucosal tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with control group， nasal mucosal tissue damage in the AR group was more severe， with partial shedding of epithelial cells， the proliferation of goblet cells， and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The rhinitis symptom score， the levels of IgE， HIS and IL-17， Th17 proportion， Th17/Treg ratio，p-IRAK4/IRAK4 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratios as well as relative expression of TLR4 protein were increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while IL-10 level and Treg proportion were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with AR group， the pathological injuries of nasal mucosa and the above indexes in QUE-L and QUE-H groups were all improved significantly （P＜0.05）. LPS treatment could reverse the improvement effects of high-dose QUE on histopathological damage to nasal mucosa tissue and the aforementioned indicators （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QUE can inhibit the inflammatory response in AR rats by inhibiting TLR4/IRAK4/NF- κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze and assess the current status of high blood pressure and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang in 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control decision making of high blood pressure among students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a total of 94 205 primary and secondary school students aged 8-17 from 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang, were selected for physical measurement and questionnaire survey using a stratified clustering random sampling method. The χ 2 test was employed to compare differences in high blood pressure rates among students with varying characteristics. Additionally, a Logistic regression model was developed to analyze associated factors with high blood pressure among primary and secondary school students. Results: The overall high blood pressure rate among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang was 8.18%, with simple systolic hypertension being the main type at 52.16%. By educational stages, high blood pressure rates for elementary school (grades 4-6), middle school, high school and vocational high school were 8.04%, 8.59%, 7.65%, and 9.72% respectively ( χ 2=29.16, P <0.01). The high blood pressure rates among obese and overweight students were 9.93% and 17.88% respectively, significantly higher than 5.32% among normal weight students ( χ 2=1 643.14, P < 0.01 ). The high blood pressure rate among urban students (8.73%) was higher than that of rural students (7.15%) ( χ 2=71.58, P <0.01). Logistic regression model analysis showed increased high blood pressure risk for girls than boys ( OR = 1.06 ); middle school, high school, and vocational high school students had increased high blood pressure risk compared to elementary school students ( OR =1.22, 1.16, 1.70); rural students had lower high blood pressure risk than urban students ( OR =0.90); the risk of high blood pressure in overweight and obese groups was higher than that in the normal group ( OR =1.54, 3.00), and the risk of high blood pressure in boarding students was lower than that in non boarding students ( OR =0.71)( P <0.01). Conclusions In Xinjiang in 2023, primary and secondary school students have a certain rate of high blood pressure, mainly characterized by elevated systblood pressure lower. The main prevention and control targets are females, urban residents, those in higher academic stages, non boarding students, as well as overweight and obese primary and secondary school students.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the degree of devascularization and clinical outcomes after interventional embolization and sclerotherapy for peripheral arteriovenous malformations.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 37 patients with peripheral arteriovenous malformations admitted at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2021 to June 2023. All patients received the treatment of "nidus" and/or outflow veins embolization combined with sclerotherapy injection. Two experienced physicians evaluated the degree of devascularization before and after treatment, and conducted a correlation study with clinical outcomes after follow-up.Result:All 37 patients were symptomatic. Swelling and pain accounted for 75.7% of all the cases. Twenty-six patients received only one procedure, 3 patients received re-interventional treatments. The average follow-up time was（13.3±5.0）months. Clinical symptoms were completely relieved in 14 patients, and partial relief in 22 patients. The overall effective rate was 97%. There were 6 patients with degree of de vascularization<50% during procedure, 16 patients with degree of 50%-75%, and 5 patients with degree of 75%-90%, 10 cases with degree over 90%. Patients with devascularization degrees less than 60% can not achieve clinical symptom relief.Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between the degree of devascularization and clinical outcomes in the interventional embolization and sclerotherapy of peripheral arteriovenous malformations, and 60% of the degree of devascularization can serve as the "threshold" for effectiveness of treatment.

Using chemoproteomic techniques, we first identified EIF2AK2, eEF1A1, PRDX3 and VPS4B as direct targets of berberine (BBR) for its synergistically anti-inflammatory effects. Of them, BBR has the strongest affinity with EIF2AK2 via two ionic bonds, and regulates several key inflammatory pathways through EIF2AK2, indicating the dominant role of EIF2AK2. Also, BBR could subtly inhibit the dimerization of EIF2AK2, rather than its enzyme activity, to selectively modulate its downstream pathways including JNK, NF-κB, AKT and NLRP3, with an advantage of good safety profile. In EIF2AK2 gene knockdown mice, the inhibitory IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α secretion of BBR was obviously attenuated, confirming an EIF2AK2-dependent anti-inflammatory efficacy. The results highlight the BBR's network mechanism on anti-inflammatory effects in which EIF2AK2 is a key target, and inhibition of EIF2AK2 dimerization has a potential to be a therapeutic strategy against inflammation-related disorders.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of microsurgical resection in primary jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; the clinical data of 58 patients with JFSs treated by microsurgery in Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2012 to June 2021 were collected. Seven patients accepted microsurgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach, and 51 patients accepted microsurgery via jugular foramen approach. Fifty-three patients were followed up for 4.5 years (ranged from 0.5-8.5 years); follow-ups included Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores, postoperative complications, and imaging reexaminations. Results:Fifty patients (86.2%) achieved total tumor resection and 8 (13.8%) subtotal resection. The KPS scores at discharge were 68.6±14.9, which were significantly lower than the preoperative KPS scores (77.6±13.5, t=2.452, P=0.017). During the follow-up, 5 patients(9.4%) had tumor recurrence, and 39 patients (73.6%) had improved symptoms after surgery. One patient (1.9%, modified Samii D type) died of cerebellar hemorrhage and swelling after surgery. The main complications included new/aggravated hoarseness (11/53), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (7/53), new/aggravated dysphagia (5/53), and new facial paralysis (4/53). Conclusion:In microsurgical resection of JFSs, short-term symptoms of the lower cranial nerves may be exacerbated, but long-term results are good.

Objective::To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN), and Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats and its ischemia reperfusion (IR) model.Methods::Pregnant rats ( n=60) were randomly divided into four experimental groups by random number table (Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups),and were studied on the 17 th, 19 th, and 21 st gestational days (GD) ( n=5 in each group at the indicated time). Growth and development indicators of fetal rats among these four groups were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect CRH, UCN, and WFS1 levels in maternal sera. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify placental protein and placental mRNA levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1. Multivariate analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to establish the group and individual comparisons. Results::A significant difference was found in placenta weight ( F=8.10, P<0.05), fetal rat weight ( F=40.86, P<0.05), fetal rat length ( F=61.61, P<0.05), and fetal rat tail length ( F=55.63, P<0.05) among four groups on the 17 th ,19 th , and 21 st GD.What’s more, the overall differences of maternal serum UCN levels among Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups were significant ( F=2.48, P<0.05). Expression of WFS1 mRNA in the EE-IR group was significantly increased and higher than Control (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.24±0.09, P<0.05), EE (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.17±0.04, P>0.05), and IR (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.22±0.15, P>0.05) groups at 19 th GD, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be activated. However, the expression of CRH (0.42±0.05 vs. 0.58±0.12, P<0.05), UCN (0.43±0.01 vs. 0.47±0.16, P>0.05), and WFS1 (0.57±0.07 vs. 0.74±0.12, P>0.05) protein in the EE-IR group was subsided compared to the IR group at 17 th GD. Conclusion::Fetal rat growth restriction was found in the EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model. This study revealed that significant changes in the maternal sera level of UCN , placental level of WFS1 mRNA and placental levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1 protein in chronic versus acute stress in a rat model of pregnancy. This suggests an impaired compensatory vasodilatory effect mediated by these factors at gene transcription and protein translation levels, following acute hypoxia stress in EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats.

Objective::To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN), and Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats and its ischemia reperfusion (IR) model.Methods::Pregnant rats ( n=60) were randomly divided into four experimental groups by random number table (Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups),and were studied on the 17 th, 19 th, and 21 st gestational days (GD) ( n=5 in each group at the indicated time). Growth and development indicators of fetal rats among these four groups were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect CRH, UCN, and WFS1 levels in maternal sera. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify placental protein and placental mRNA levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1. Multivariate analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to establish the group and individual comparisons. Results::A significant difference was found in placenta weight ( F=8.10, P<0.05), fetal rat weight ( F=40.86, P<0.05), fetal rat length ( F=61.61, P<0.05), and fetal rat tail length ( F=55.63, P<0.05) among four groups on the 17 th ,19 th , and 21 st GD.What’s more, the overall differences of maternal serum UCN levels among Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups were significant ( F=2.48, P<0.05). Expression of WFS1 mRNA in the EE-IR group was significantly increased and higher than Control (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.24±0.09, P<0.05), EE (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.17±0.04, P>0.05), and IR (0.46±0.15 vs. 0.22±0.15, P>0.05) groups at 19 th GD, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be activated. However, the expression of CRH (0.42±0.05 vs. 0.58±0.12, P<0.05), UCN (0.43±0.01 vs. 0.47±0.16, P>0.05), and WFS1 (0.57±0.07 vs. 0.74±0.12, P>0.05) protein in the EE-IR group was subsided compared to the IR group at 17 th GD. Conclusion::Fetal rat growth restriction was found in the EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model. This study revealed that significant changes in the maternal sera level of UCN , placental level of WFS1 mRNA and placental levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1 protein in chronic versus acute stress in a rat model of pregnancy. This suggests an impaired compensatory vasodilatory effect mediated by these factors at gene transcription and protein translation levels, following acute hypoxia stress in EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of dual-kidney transplantation from infant donors to adult recipients.Methods:From December 2012 to November 2020 in Organ Transplant Center First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, rertrospective reviews were conducted for clinical data of 25 pairs of infant donors and adult recipients. The survival rates were calculated for both recipients and transplanted kidneys at Year 1/3/5 post-transplantation. And the postoperative recovery status and the postoperative incidence of adverse events of recipients were observed.Results:The survival rates of recipients were all 95.8% at Year 1/3/5 and those of transplanted kidney and dealth-cancelling transplanted kidney all 87.2%. One case died due to acute inferior-wall cardiac infarction while three others lost renal functions for vascular thrombosis, ureteral stenosis and urinary fistula. Except for loss of renal function and death, the postoperative estimated golmerular fitration rate was (99.35±21.78), (103.11±29.20) and (114.99±28.55) ml/(min·1.73 m 2) at Year 1/2/3 respectively. Conclusions:Selecting proper recipients, standardizing donor acquisition and surgical procedures and strengthening perioperative managements may expand the donor pool. The overall outcomes are excellent for adult recipients with dual-kidney transplantation from donations after infants' death.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) post-kidney transplantation in children.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 6 FSGS children after transplantation from 2015 to 2019. Massive proteinuria (3.2-13 g/24 h) occurred at 4 days-49 days post-transplantation. For proteinuria, glucocorticoid plus therapeutic plasma exchange and/or rituximab were provided with supplemental ACEI/ARB drugs. Five cases received tacrolimus as maintenance therapy while another case had cyclosporin A as an initial intensive therapy and switched to tacrolimus.Results:Four cases achieved complete remission after therapy. One recipient showed partial remission. During a follow up period of 11 months to 4 years, serum creatinine remained normal and stable in five cases while one died from severe pulmonary infection.Conclusions:Once FSGS occurs post-transplantation, prompt treatment of pulse glucocorticoid plus therapeutic plasma exchange and/or rituximab with supplemental ACEI/ARB drugs may yield favorable outcomes.