Objective:This study aims to investigate the differences in emotional status and cognitive function among patients with vestibular migraine (VM), Meniere′s disease (MD), and their comorbidity (VMMD), and to analyze key factors influencing cognitive function.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 96 outpatients (32 males, 64 females, aged 21-73 years) from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between December 2022 and December 2023. The study population consisted of 31 VM patients (VM group), 36 MD patients (MD group), and 29 VMMD patients (VMMD group), along with 32 healthy controls (16 males, 16 females, aged 19-74 years). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while emotional status and somatization symptoms were evaluated through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression scale, Symptom Checklist-90, and the Self-rating Somatization Symptom scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of different variables on cognitive function.Results:The total MoCA score in the VMMD group (26.0 [24.5, 28.0]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (28.0 [27.0, 29.0]) and the MD group (28.0 [26.0, 30.0]) ( P=0.006). VMMD patients exhibited significant impairments in specific cognitive domains, including visuospatial/executive function, delayed recall, and orientation ( P<0.05). Patients with VM, MD, and VMMD showed higher rates of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms compared to the control group ( P<0.05), with the VMMD group experiencing the most severe emotional distress. Multiple linear regression analysis identified education level and vestibular disease type as key factors affecting cognitive function, with a university-level education predicting higher MoCA scores ( P<0.001), while VMMD was associated with cognitive decline ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Patients with VM and MD, particularly those with comorbid VMMD, exhibit significant emotional distress. Cognitive impairments are present in VM and VMMD patients, affecting different cognitive domains. These factors should be comprehensively considered in clinical assessments to develop more effective treatment strategies.

Background Indoor air quality directly affects people's health, especially the impact of chemical pollutants in residential indoor air on children and the elderly is more significant. Objective To understand the pollution status of common chemical pollutants in residential indoor air in Shijiazhuang, evaluate the health risks of chemical pollutants to school-age children and the elderly, and provide reference for controlling indoor pollution in residential environment. Methods Using stratified random sampling, a total of 60 households were selected from 2 urban areas and 1 surrounding rural area in Shijiazhuang City, specifically in July 2023 (non-heating season) and December 2023 (heating season), respectively. Relevant data was collected through on-site sampling [including CO, CO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene] and survey questionnaires. The pollutant concentrations were evaluated following the Standards for indoor air quality of GB/T 18883-2022, and the inhalation exposure risks of the target population were assessed based on the health risk assessment method. Results In the indoor air of the urban and rural residence in Shijiazhuang City, except for CO, NO₂, SO₂, toluene, and xylene, which did not exceed the standard limits, other pollutants showed varying degrees of exceedance. The non-qualified rates of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ in the urban areas were higher than those in the rural areas (P < 0.05). The seasonal difference analysis showed that the non-qualified rates of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO₂, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene in the urban areas were higher in the heating season than in the non-heating season (P<0.05); the non-qualified rates of ammonia and formaldehyde in the rural areas increased significantly in the non-heating season(P<0.05). The health risk assessment indicated that the maximum hazard quotient (HQ) of tetrachloroethylene for the elderly exceeded 1, while the HQ values for ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and trichloroethylene remained below 1 for either children or the elderly. For carcinogenic risks, the median carcinogenic risk (CR) of formaldehyde for school-aged children or the elderly fell within the range of 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁴, whereas the median CR values for benzene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were all below 10⁻⁶. Conclusion The primary indoor air pollutants exceeding the national standard limits in residential areas of Shijiazhuang City include CO₂, PM₁₀, TVOC, PM_2.5, formaldehyde, ammonia, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. The levels of these pollutants exhibit significant urban-rural and seasonal variations. Special attention should be paid to the non-carcinogenic risk of tetrachloroethylene to the elderly and the carcinogenic risks of formaldehyde to school-age children and the elderly.

Objective:To develop a clinical predictive model for dampness constitution based on laboratory testing indicators.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1 355 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the Health Examination Center of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 1 st, 2022 to October 31 st, 2023. Basic information and blood routine, blood glucose, liver function, lipid metabolism, and kidney function test results of 1 355 apparently healthy individuals were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria for dampness constitution in traditional Chinese medicine, they were divided into a dampness constitution group (683 cases, including 394 with phlegm-dampness constitution and 289 with damp-heat constitution) and a non-dampness constitution group (672 cases). Among them, there were 547 males and 136 females in the dampness constitution group, with an age of 38.0 (32.0, 45.0) years; and there were 355 males and 317 females in the non-dampness constitution group, with an age of 33.0 (27.0, 41.0) years. A total of 1 355 apparently healthy individuals were randomly divided into a training set ( n=948) and a validation set ( n=407) using computer-generated random numbers in a 7∶3 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with dampness constitution. Utilizing these identified risk factors, a predictive model was constructed and subsequently visualized. The model′s predictive accuracy, consistency, and clinical utility were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Results:Among 1 355 subjects, there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, some indicators of renal function, some indicators of blood routine, liver function, and four indicators of lipid metabolism between the dampness constitution group and the non-dampness constitution group. Gender ( OR=0.434,95 %CI 0.253-0.738), Cr ( OR=0.981,95 %CI 0.967-0.996), BMI ( OR=1.366,95 %CI 1.290-1.450), and LDL-C ( OR=1.388,95 %CI 1.014-1.897) were independent risk factors for dampness constitution ( P<0.05). A nomogram was subsequently developed based on these identified risk factors. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the training set and validation set were 0.810 (95 %CI 0.783-0.837) and 0.804 (95 %CI 0.762-0.846), respectively. Conclusion:Gender,BMI,Cr and LDL-C were risk factors for the development of dampness constitution, and the clinical predictive model has clinical application value in predicting the risk of dampness constitution.

Objective To explore the latent profile of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with lumbar disc herniation treated conservatively and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the develop-ment of targeted interventions.Methods Patients with conservative treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation at the orthopedic outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from March to December 2024 were selected as study subjects.General Information Questionnaire,Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Revised-Ⅱ,Visual Analogue Scale,Oswestry Disability Index and Social Support Rating Scale were used for the investigation.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with lumbar disc her-niation and the influencing factors were identified by univariate analysis and disordered multiple logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 422 lumbar disc herniation patients treated conservatively were included and the score of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Revised-Ⅱ Scale was(102.44±13.19)points.The health-promoting lifestyle of patients with lumbar disc herniation can be divided into three potential profile:low health promotion group-low responsibility and less exercise type(18.7%),balanced health promotion group(51.7%)and high health promotion group-spiritual social leading type(29.6%).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that course of disease,oswestry disability index,social support level and take regular physical exercise are the influenc-ing factors of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with conservative treatment of lumbar disc herniation(P<0.05).Conclusions There is heterogeneity in the health-promoting lifestyle in patients with conservative treat-ment of lumbar disc herniation.Nursing staff can carry out targeted interventions according to the latent profile type of health-promoting lifestyle in lumbar disc herniation patients treated conservatively to improve their health-promoting lifestyle.

Objective:To develop a clinical predictive model for dampness constitution based on laboratory testing indicators.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1 355 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the Health Examination Center of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 1 st, 2022 to October 31 st, 2023. Basic information and blood routine, blood glucose, liver function, lipid metabolism, and kidney function test results of 1 355 apparently healthy individuals were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria for dampness constitution in traditional Chinese medicine, they were divided into a dampness constitution group (683 cases, including 394 with phlegm-dampness constitution and 289 with damp-heat constitution) and a non-dampness constitution group (672 cases). Among them, there were 547 males and 136 females in the dampness constitution group, with an age of 38.0 (32.0, 45.0) years; and there were 355 males and 317 females in the non-dampness constitution group, with an age of 33.0 (27.0, 41.0) years. A total of 1 355 apparently healthy individuals were randomly divided into a training set ( n=948) and a validation set ( n=407) using computer-generated random numbers in a 7∶3 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with dampness constitution. Utilizing these identified risk factors, a predictive model was constructed and subsequently visualized. The model′s predictive accuracy, consistency, and clinical utility were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Results:Among 1 355 subjects, there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, some indicators of renal function, some indicators of blood routine, liver function, and four indicators of lipid metabolism between the dampness constitution group and the non-dampness constitution group. Gender ( OR=0.434,95 %CI 0.253-0.738), Cr ( OR=0.981,95 %CI 0.967-0.996), BMI ( OR=1.366,95 %CI 1.290-1.450), and LDL-C ( OR=1.388,95 %CI 1.014-1.897) were independent risk factors for dampness constitution ( P<0.05). A nomogram was subsequently developed based on these identified risk factors. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the training set and validation set were 0.810 (95 %CI 0.783-0.837) and 0.804 (95 %CI 0.762-0.846), respectively. Conclusion:Gender,BMI,Cr and LDL-C were risk factors for the development of dampness constitution, and the clinical predictive model has clinical application value in predicting the risk of dampness constitution.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the differences in emotional status and cognitive function among patients with vestibular migraine (VM), Meniere′s disease (MD), and their comorbidity (VMMD), and to analyze key factors influencing cognitive function.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 96 outpatients (32 males, 64 females, aged 21-73 years) from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between December 2022 and December 2023. The study population consisted of 31 VM patients (VM group), 36 MD patients (MD group), and 29 VMMD patients (VMMD group), along with 32 healthy controls (16 males, 16 females, aged 19-74 years). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while emotional status and somatization symptoms were evaluated through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression scale, Symptom Checklist-90, and the Self-rating Somatization Symptom scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of different variables on cognitive function.Results:The total MoCA score in the VMMD group (26.0 [24.5, 28.0]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (28.0 [27.0, 29.0]) and the MD group (28.0 [26.0, 30.0]) ( P=0.006). VMMD patients exhibited significant impairments in specific cognitive domains, including visuospatial/executive function, delayed recall, and orientation ( P<0.05). Patients with VM, MD, and VMMD showed higher rates of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms compared to the control group ( P<0.05), with the VMMD group experiencing the most severe emotional distress. Multiple linear regression analysis identified education level and vestibular disease type as key factors affecting cognitive function, with a university-level education predicting higher MoCA scores ( P<0.001), while VMMD was associated with cognitive decline ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Patients with VM and MD, particularly those with comorbid VMMD, exhibit significant emotional distress. Cognitive impairments are present in VM and VMMD patients, affecting different cognitive domains. These factors should be comprehensively considered in clinical assessments to develop more effective treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE To study regularity of different components whose skin permeability is enhanced by essential oils(EOs)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with hot property.METHODS Five EOs from TCM with hot property,namely Galangal oil,Dried Ginger oil,Cinnamon oil,Pepper oil,and Evodia oil were prepared and used in further studies.The in vitro skin cytotoxici-ty of these EOs and chemical penetration enhancer(PE)Azone were compared.HPLC method was established to determine 9 TCM components that are usually used in permeation studies.And the in vitro permeation experiments were carried out using the modified Franz diffusion cell method to evaluate the penetration enhancement effects of five EOs.RESULTS The cytotoxicity test revealed the IC50 value of EOs was 3.63-8.15 times of that of Azone,the classical chemical PE.HPLC method showed perfect specificity and 9 TCM components performed well in linear relationship,precision,repeatability,stability,and average recovery rate.The results of multiple linear regression showed a significant association between the penetration enhancement effects of EOs from TCM with hot prop-erty and log P values of the TCM components.EOs from TCM with hot property showed satisfactory penetration enhancement effects for hydrophobic components with log P values in the range of 2.6-3.5,e.g.resveratrol,tetrahydropalmatine and quercetin.CONCLU-SION EOs from TCM with hot property should be reasonably selected as PE according to the oil-water partition coefficient of the in-gredients.

OBJECTIVE To study regularity of different components whose skin permeability is enhanced by essential oils(EOs)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with hot property.METHODS Five EOs from TCM with hot property,namely Galangal oil,Dried Ginger oil,Cinnamon oil,Pepper oil,and Evodia oil were prepared and used in further studies.The in vitro skin cytotoxici-ty of these EOs and chemical penetration enhancer(PE)Azone were compared.HPLC method was established to determine 9 TCM components that are usually used in permeation studies.And the in vitro permeation experiments were carried out using the modified Franz diffusion cell method to evaluate the penetration enhancement effects of five EOs.RESULTS The cytotoxicity test revealed the IC50 value of EOs was 3.63-8.15 times of that of Azone,the classical chemical PE.HPLC method showed perfect specificity and 9 TCM components performed well in linear relationship,precision,repeatability,stability,and average recovery rate.The results of multiple linear regression showed a significant association between the penetration enhancement effects of EOs from TCM with hot prop-erty and log P values of the TCM components.EOs from TCM with hot property showed satisfactory penetration enhancement effects for hydrophobic components with log P values in the range of 2.6-3.5,e.g.resveratrol,tetrahydropalmatine and quercetin.CONCLU-SION EOs from TCM with hot property should be reasonably selected as PE according to the oil-water partition coefficient of the in-gredients.

Objective To explore the latent profile of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with lumbar disc herniation treated conservatively and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for the develop-ment of targeted interventions.Methods Patients with conservative treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation at the orthopedic outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from March to December 2024 were selected as study subjects.General Information Questionnaire,Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Revised-Ⅱ,Visual Analogue Scale,Oswestry Disability Index and Social Support Rating Scale were used for the investigation.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with lumbar disc her-niation and the influencing factors were identified by univariate analysis and disordered multiple logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 422 lumbar disc herniation patients treated conservatively were included and the score of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Revised-Ⅱ Scale was(102.44±13.19)points.The health-promoting lifestyle of patients with lumbar disc herniation can be divided into three potential profile:low health promotion group-low responsibility and less exercise type(18.7%),balanced health promotion group(51.7%)and high health promotion group-spiritual social leading type(29.6%).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that course of disease,oswestry disability index,social support level and take regular physical exercise are the influenc-ing factors of health-promoting lifestyle in patients with conservative treatment of lumbar disc herniation(P<0.05).Conclusions There is heterogeneity in the health-promoting lifestyle in patients with conservative treat-ment of lumbar disc herniation.Nursing staff can carry out targeted interventions according to the latent profile type of health-promoting lifestyle in lumbar disc herniation patients treated conservatively to improve their health-promoting lifestyle.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of cinobufagin tablets combined with thalidomide/dexamethasone （TD） regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma （NDMM） with phlegm and stasis obstruction. MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients with NDMM of phlegm and stasis obstruction who were hospitalized at the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from June 1st， 2015 to July 31th， 2019 were retrospectively analyzed， and they were divided into a control group （bortezomib/dexamethasone-containing regimen， 27 cases） and an observation group （cinobufagin tablets combined with TD regimen， 23 cases）. The clinical efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups after two or three courses of treatment. The primary outcomes were clinical remission rate including overall response rate and deep remission rate， one-year and two-year overall survival rate， and adverse effects. The secondary outcomes were the proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow， hemoglobin， β2-microglobulin， lactate dehydrogenase， serum creatinine， blood urea nitrogen， bone pain score， and KPS functional status score （KPS score） before and after treatment. ResultsIn terms of clinical efficacy， there was no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05） in the overall response rate ［the observation group 69.57%（16/23） vs the control group 70.37% （19/27）］ and deep remission rate ［the observation group 56.52% （13/23） vs the control group 55.56% （15/27）］ between groups after the treatment. The one-year overall survival rates of the observation group and the control group were 90.9% and 92.4%， and the two-year overall survival rates were 81.8% and 80.9% respectively， with no statistically significant differences between groups （P＞0.05）. During the treatment， no renal function injury occurred in both groups. The incidence of peripheral nerve injury in the observation group was 8.70%， which was lower than 48.15% in the control group （P＜0.01）. After the treatment， the proportion of myeloma plasma cells， β2-microglobulin， serum creatinine level， and bone pain score decreased， while the hemoglobin level and KPS score increased in both groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared between groups after treatment， the bone pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group， while the KPS score was higher than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of cinobufagin tablets combined with TD in the treatment of NDMM is equivalent to bortezomib/dexamethasone-containing regimen， but the former is more helpful in relieving the pain and improving the quality of life， and has better safety.