ObjectiveTo establish a high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） for the quantitative analysis of multiple components in Gegen Qinlian tablets， and to comprehensively evaluate the quality of samples from different manufacturers by integrating chemical pattern recognition and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution（TOPSIS）， in order to provide a reference basis for quality evaluation and control of Gegen Qinlian tablets. MethodsHPLC was employed to determine the contents of 10 components in 28 batches of Gegen Qinlian tablets collected from 6 manufacturers， and taking the detection results as variables， SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS 26.0 were employed for cluster analysis（CA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） to identify key components affecting the quality. Then， TOPSIS analysis was employed to rank the quality of Gegen Qinlian tablets from the 6 manufacturers and establish a comprehensive quality evaluation method. ResultsA quantitative method for Gegen Qinlian tablets was established. After methodological validation， the method was found to be stable and reliable， and could be used for the quantitative analysis of this preparation. The contents of 3′-hydroxy puerarin， puerarin， 3′-methoxy puerarin， daidzein， coptisine hydrochloride， epiberberine， jatrorrhizine hydrochloride， berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride and baicalin in 28 batches of samples were 3.58-7.35， 24.88-42.32， 4.20-9.36， 4.33-7.60， 2.52-6.44， 0.93-4.10， 0.58-3.05， 10.68-22.92， 0.82-4.82， 11.73-60.16 mg·g^-1， respectively. Among them， puerarin， berberine hydrochloride and baicalin all met the limit requirements for this preparation specified in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. CA and PCA clustered the 28 batches of samples into 5 categories， PCA extracted 2 principal components with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.588%， and OPLS-DA screened out 4 differential markers with variable importance in the projection（VIP） values>1.0， namely baicalin， 3′-hydroxy puerarin， coptisine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride， which might be the main components affecting the quality of Gegen Qinlian tablets. TOPSIS analysis showed that the comprehensive score of each evaluation index（C_i） values of different manufacturers were different. Among them， the C_i of manufacturer B was ranked higher， indicating potentially superior quality， while the C_i of manufacturer A was ranked lower， suggesting potentially inferior quality. ConclusionThis study establishes a quantitative method for Gegen Qinlian tablets， and the content uniformity of the same manufacturer is good， while there are differences in the contents of active components among different manufacturers. Through the chemical pattern recognition analysis， it is found that the content differences of Gegen Qinlian tablets may be related to baicalin， 3′-hydroxy puerarin， coptisine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride.

Objective To investigate the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor(GLP-1R)gene polymorphism(rs2268641)and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 490 T2DM patients with or without DN were included in this project.GLP-1R genetic polymorphisms were genotyped with TaqMan allelic discrimination.Results The C allele of rs2268641 was significantly associated with DN in T2DM patients.As compare to urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)among genotypes,CC homozygote had a higher level of UAER than CT heterozygous(P＜0.01)and TT homozygote(P＜0.05)respectively.CC homozygote had a higher level of UAER than the carriers of the T allele(P＜0.05).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that CC homozygote had higher odds for DN than CT het-erozygote(OR:1.715,95%CI=1.058-2.778,P＜0.05),even after adjustment for age,gender,family history,FBG and HbA1c(OR:1.781,95%CI=1.076-2.947,P＜0.05).Moreover,the CC homozygote had higher odds for DN than the carriers of the T allele before(OR:1.585,95%CI=1.013-2.481,P＜0.05)and after adjustment(OR:1.660,95%CI=1.040-2.650,P＜0.05).Conclusions GLP-1R gene variants,especially the C allele of rs2268641 increase the risk of DN in Chinese T2DM patients.