Objective: To explore the association between daytime outdoor physical activity (OPA) and oral health indicators among primary school students, aiming to provide evidence for developing oral health intervention strategies based on natural exposure. Methods: In October 2023, based on the "Tianchang Children s Light Exposure and Growth Development Cohort", 799 second and third grades children were recruited from two primary schools in Tianchang, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. Physical activity intensity and light exposure were objectively monitored for 24 hours over 5 consecutive days using triaxial accelerometers synchronized with portable illuminance meters. Standardized oral examinations were performed to record dental caries, gingivitis, and malocclusion. Demographics, lifestyle variables, and household socioeconomic data were collected via questionnaires. Multiple linear regression (for the number of carious teeth) and Logistic regression (for gingivitis risk) were used to analyze the relationship between daytime outdoor moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and oral health outcomes. Results: The average daytime outdoor MVPA was (0.76±0.35)h, with (0.95±0.40)h on weekdays and (0.49±0.47)h on weekends. The detection rates for dental caries, gingivitis, and malocclusion were 31.0%, 4.6%, and 59.7%, respectively. Compared with children with good oral health, the duration of outdoor MVPA on school days was reduced in children with caries or gingivitis ( Z =-11.4, -5.01, both P <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, body mass index, oral hygiene behaviors, an increase in daytime outdoor MVPA duration was associated with a decrease in the number of dental caries ( β=-0.64, 95%CI =-0.93 to -0.35) and a reduced risk of gingivitis ( OR= 0.58 , 95%CI =0.34-0.98) in primary school students (both P <0.05). The association was primarily observed on school days ( β=-0.72, 95%CI = -1.07 to -0.37; OR=0.42, 95%CI =0.21-0.85) (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Daytime outdoor MVPA on weekdays is significantly associated with a lower number of carious teeth and a reduced risk of gingivitis in primary school students. Increasing daytime outdoor activities on weekdays may serve as a promising and potential strategy for promoting children s oral health.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Objective:To investigate the effects of scalp acupuncture of Baihui and Qubin acupoints combined with running track exercise on the neurological function of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)cerebral ischemia and its regulatory effect on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by focusing on oxidative stress injury.Methods:A total of 40 male SD rats of SPF grade were selected and the cerebral ischemia model was established by ligation method.Among them,30 rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into the model group,the scalp-acupuncture group,and the combined group,with 10 rats in each group.Another 10 SPF male SD rats were used as the sham operation group.In the scalp-acupuncture group,electroacupuncture was applied to Baihui and Qubin acupoints.In the combined group,both electroacupuncture and running track exercise were applied.The treatment was carried out 6 times/week for a total of 4 weeks.The neurobehavioural function of rats was evaluated by Bederson Neurological Function Assessment.Pathological changes of rat brain tissue were observed by HE staining.SOD,serum MDA and GSH-px levels were detected by kit.The protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain tissue were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the sham-operated group,Bederson's neurological function score in the model group was significantly higher(P＜0.05),the pathological damage of HE-stained brain tissue was obvious,the level of MDA significantly increased(P＜0.05),the levels of SOD and GSH-px decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,Bederson neurological function scores were reduced in each treatment group(P＜0.05),the brain histopathological damage was alleviated,the level of MDA was reduced(P＜0.05),the levels of SOD and GSH-px was elevated(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The Bederson neurological function score and MDA level in the combined group were lower than those in the scalp-acupuncture group(P＜0.05),and the levels of SOD and GSH-px and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were significantly higher than those in the scalp-acupuncture group(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Scalp acupuncture can improve the neurobehavioural dysfunction and pathological damage caused by cerebral ischemia,increase the antioxidant capacity,and the specific mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.And scalp acupuncture combined with running track exercise has a synergistic effect and is more advantageous for treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effects of scalp acupuncture of Baihui and Qubin acupoints combined with running track exercise on the neurological function of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)cerebral ischemia and its regulatory effect on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by focusing on oxidative stress injury.Methods:A total of 40 male SD rats of SPF grade were selected and the cerebral ischemia model was established by ligation method.Among them,30 rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into the model group,the scalp-acupuncture group,and the combined group,with 10 rats in each group.Another 10 SPF male SD rats were used as the sham operation group.In the scalp-acupuncture group,electroacupuncture was applied to Baihui and Qubin acupoints.In the combined group,both electroacupuncture and running track exercise were applied.The treatment was carried out 6 times/week for a total of 4 weeks.The neurobehavioural function of rats was evaluated by Bederson Neurological Function Assessment.Pathological changes of rat brain tissue were observed by HE staining.SOD,serum MDA and GSH-px levels were detected by kit.The protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain tissue were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the sham-operated group,Bederson's neurological function score in the model group was significantly higher(P＜0.05),the pathological damage of HE-stained brain tissue was obvious,the level of MDA significantly increased(P＜0.05),the levels of SOD and GSH-px decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,Bederson neurological function scores were reduced in each treatment group(P＜0.05),the brain histopathological damage was alleviated,the level of MDA was reduced(P＜0.05),the levels of SOD and GSH-px was elevated(P＜0.05),and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The Bederson neurological function score and MDA level in the combined group were lower than those in the scalp-acupuncture group(P＜0.05),and the levels of SOD and GSH-px and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were significantly higher than those in the scalp-acupuncture group(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Scalp acupuncture can improve the neurobehavioural dysfunction and pathological damage caused by cerebral ischemia,increase the antioxidant capacity,and the specific mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.And scalp acupuncture combined with running track exercise has a synergistic effect and is more advantageous for treatment.

Advances in imaging technology have revolutionized the field of ophthalmology, changing the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)is a non-contact high-resolution imaging technology. It further improves imaging depth and scanning speed, adds new algorithms and features. The application of SS-OCT enables the three-dimensional evaluation of corneal structures, offering curvature and height maps for both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea, as well as precise corneal thickness mapping. These invaluable tools aid ophthalmologists in effectively screening and diagnosing various corneal lesions such as keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, and degeneration. Moreover, the enhanced speed, accuracy, and sensitivity provided by SS-OCT measurements facilitate improved surgical planning and postoperative monitoring for patients undergoing refractive surgery or keratoplasty. This article reviews the development of SS-OCT technology and its potential clinical utility in corneal diseases and surgical application, in order to support more possible future research and clinical treatment.

Metabolism-related diseases are chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors.The symptoms include insulin resistance,abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels,and elevated blood pressure.This type of illness has become a major threat to human health,and there is an urgent need to find effective treatments.Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds that result from reduced interactions between the carbonyl groups of sugar and the free amino groups of proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Increasing evidence shows that AGE and its receptor (RAGE) are involved in the occurrence and development of such metabolism-related diseases as hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.AGE can have adverse effects on tissues through non-receptor and receptor-mediated mechanisms.In the receptor-mediated mechanism,AGE interacts with RAGE to increase the production of oxygen free radicals and activate NF-κB so that more pro-inflammatory cells are expressed and released,leading to cell damage.This article reviews the research progress in interventions with AGE and RAGE in the treatment of hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis from a metabolic perspective in the hope of exploring the potential of AGE and RAGE as therapeutic targets for metabolism-related diseases.

Metabolism-related diseases are chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors.The symptoms include insulin resistance,abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels,and elevated blood pressure.This type of illness has become a major threat to human health,and there is an urgent need to find effective treatments.Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds that result from reduced interactions between the carbonyl groups of sugar and the free amino groups of proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Increasing evidence shows that AGE and its receptor (RAGE) are involved in the occurrence and development of such metabolism-related diseases as hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.AGE can have adverse effects on tissues through non-receptor and receptor-mediated mechanisms.In the receptor-mediated mechanism,AGE interacts with RAGE to increase the production of oxygen free radicals and activate NF-κB so that more pro-inflammatory cells are expressed and released,leading to cell damage.This article reviews the research progress in interventions with AGE and RAGE in the treatment of hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis from a metabolic perspective in the hope of exploring the potential of AGE and RAGE as therapeutic targets for metabolism-related diseases.

Objective: To investigate the level of mental health literacy among residents in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into implementation of mental health education and improvements of the quality of mental health services. Methods: A total of 2 248 permanent residents at ages of 18 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method from 3 streets (townships) in Jiaxing City. Residents' demographics were collected using self-designed questionnaires, and the mental health literacy was investigated using the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire. Factors affecting the achievement of the target of mental health literacy were identified among residents using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 248 questionnaires were allocated and 2 172 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.62%. The respondents included 1 075 men (49.49%) and 1 097 women (50.51%). There were 623 respondents that met the target of the mental health literacy (28.68%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a higher possibility of achieving the target of mental health literacy levels among women than among men (OR=1.282, 95%CI: 1.047-1.570), among unmarried residents (OR=1.685, 95%CI: 1.018-2.788) than among married residents, among residents with educational levels of junior high school (OR=1.689, 95%CI: 1.168-2.441), high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school (OR=2.420, 95%CI: 1.601-3.658) and college or above (OR=3.543, 95%CI: 2.252-5.574) than among residents with an educational level of primary and below, among students (OR=2.572, 95%CI: 1.013-6.527), medical personnel (OR=3.330, 95%CI: 2.029-5.467), teachers (OR=2.909, 95%CI: 1.202-7.040), freelance/self-employed staff (OR=1.519, 95%CI: 1.100-2.098) and other professional technical personnel (OR=1.529, 95%CI: 1.012-2.310) than among workers. Conclusions The proportion of mental health literacy levels meeting the target is high among residents in Jiaxing City, and gender, educational level, occupation and marital status are factors affecting mental health literacy levels.

Objective:To evaluate the activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) in fetal villi and peripheral blood plasma of pregnant women at high risk of mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ (MPS Ⅱ), and to discuss the application of gene analysis in prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ.Methods:The enzymatic testing and gene analysis results of 23 pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ, who underwent prenatal diagnosis in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from February 2013 to December 2020, were analyzed retrospectively.The IDS activity in fetal villi (30 cases) and plasma (28 cases) was detected by artificial substrate fluorescence.The IDS activity in fetal villi (28 cases) and plasma (34 cases) of normal pregnant women was taken as control.Meanwhile, the fetal villi of both pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ and normal pregnant women were also analyzed by gene testing and for fetal sex identification.Data were compared between groups by the independent samples t test. Results:The normal reference values of the IDS activity in fetal villi and plasma of normal pregnant women were(71.2±23.4) nmol/(mg·4 h) and (611.1±114.5) nmol/(mL·4 h), respectively.Among the 30 cases of high-risk fetal villi, the IDS activity in fetal villi of 8 affected male fetuses was (1.7±0.3) nmol/(mg·4 h), which was significantly lower than that of 11 unaffected male fetuses (83.2±6.3) nmol/(mg·4 h) and that of 9 non-carrier female fetuses (80.0±7.5) nmol/(mg·4 h) ( t=10.8, 8.8; all P<0.01). Meanwhile, the IDS activity was measured in the maternal peripheral plasma of 28 pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ.Among them, the IDS activity in 8 affected male fetuses was(225.4±20.5) nmol/(mL·4 h), which was significantly lower than that in non-affected male fetuses[(451.0±15.1) nmol/(mL·4 h)] and that in non-carrier female fetuses[(467.7±45.3)nmol/(mL·4 h)]. Eight known pathogenic mutations were found in 30 cases at high risk of MPS Ⅱ of fetal villi, and the mutation types were c. 1048A>C, c.212G>A, c.514C>T, c.257C>T, c.425C>T, and c. 998C>T.Of the 8 cases, 6 affected male fetuses had significantly reduced IDS activities, and the other 2 female carriers had normal IDS enzyme activities. Conclusions:The IDS activity in fetal villi and peripheral plasma of pregnant woman is consistent with the gene analysis results.The IDS activity has an important reference value for the prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ in the first trimester.When no genetic mutations are found in the probands or the pathogenicity of the new mutation remains unclear, the IDS activity in fetal villi can be detected separately for the prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ.