AIM: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3(TIMP-3)and collagen type III alpha 1(Col3α1)in the retina of guinea pigs with lens-induced myopia.METHODS:A total of 80 guinea pigs were randomly divided into the normal control(NC)group, negative lens-induced myopia(LIM)group, electro-acupuncture(EA)group, and sham group, with 20 guinea pigs in each group. The NC group did not receive any intervention, the LIM, EA and the sham groups were all wearing -6.0 D lens in the right eye and no lens in the left eye. The EA group was given electroacupuncture stimulation at Hegu Point and temple, and guinea pigs in the sham group were given intervention at false points. The refraction was measured by optometry, the axial length was measured by A-ultrasound, and the changes in retinal tissue structure were observed by HE staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR)and western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression of MMP-3, TIMP-3, and Col3α1 at mRNA and protein levels before modeling and at 2 and 4 wk after modeling. RESULTS:The axial length of the negative LIM group was significantly increased compared with the NC group at 2 and 4 wk after modeling(all P<0.05), and the diopter was significantly decreased(all P<0.05); the axial length of the eye in the EA group was decreased compared with the negative LIM group(all P<0.05), and the diopter was increased(all P<0.05). HE staining showed that the boundaries of retinal tissue in the NC group were obvious and arranged regularly. The retinal thickness, the thickness of the inner and outer nuclear layers, and the number of cells were reduced and irregularly arranged in the negative LIM group. The overall structure of the retina in the group EA was relatively perfect, the arrangement was more regular, and the morphological structure of each layer of the tissue did not appear obvious abnormalities. Q-PCR and WB detection results showed that the mRNA and protein relative expression levels of MMP-3, TIMP-3, and Col3α1 in the negative LIM group were significantly higher than those in the NC group(all P<0.05); the expression levels of the EA group was significantly decreased after intervention compared with the negative LIM group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture can delay axial growth in negative LIM guinea pigs, and downregulate negative LIM induced expression of MMP-3, TIMP-3, and Col3α1 in the retina.

Objective To detect the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and nu-clear factor(NF)-κB in hepatic tissues of the patients with chronic hepatitis B,and to analyze their correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis degree.Methods The liver biopsy specimens from 66 pa-tients with hepatitis B and 10 non-hepatopathic controls were selected,and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression levels in different liver tissues.Results The positive rate of ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression in liver tissues of the patients with chronic hepatitis B was higher than that in normal liver tissues,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expres-sion of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the patients with hepatitis B was positively correlated with the inflammatory ac-tivity and fibrosis degree(r=0.493,0.496,P＜0.01;r=0.580,0.519,P＜0.01).Conclusion ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the patients with chronic hepatitis B are highly expressed,which is useful in judging the hepatic in-flammatory activity and fibrosis degree.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the ratio of dietary vitamin A (VitA) to body weight and hypertension among children, so as to provide a reference for blood pressure control through dietary nutritional interventions and childhood hypertension prevention. Methods: Utilizing the baseline survey and followup sample data from the Healthy Children Cohort established in urban and rural areas of Chongqing from 2014 to 2019, structured quantitative dietary questionnaire and selfdesigned questionnaire were used to investigate the information of dietary intake and socioeconomic characteristics of 15 279 children, as well as blood pressure, height, weight measurement. The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight was divided into four groups based on quartiles [≤P25(Q1), >P25~P50(Q2), >P50~P75(Q3), >P75(Q4)]. Generalized linear regression models and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between ratio of dietary VitA to body weight with blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension. Results: The results of the 2014 baseline survey indicated that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as demographic indicators and nutritional intake, significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among different groups categorized by the ratio of dietary VitA to body weight (F=157.57, 44.71, 95.92, P<0.01). The baseline ratio of dietary VitA to body weight in children exhibited a negative correlation with DBP, SBP and MAP at baseline and in 2019[baseline: β(95%CI)=-0.65(-0.89--0.42), -0.22(-0.42--0.01), -0.36(-0.56--0.16); 2019: β(95%CI)=-0.77(-1.34--0.19), -0.62(-1.21--0.02), -0.77(-1.34--0.19), P＜0.05]. Compared to Q1 group, the risk of hypertension decreased among children in Q4 at baseline and followup in 2019 [OR(95%CI)=0.63(0.49-0.81), 0.18(0.08-0.42), P<0.01]. Conclusions The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight is significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure levels among children, and dietary VitA deficiency is an independent risk factor for hypertension among children. Measures should be taken to actively adjust childrens dietary nutrition and reduce the risk of childhood hypertension.

Wumei Pills is mostly used to treat ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal polyps, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric cancer and other digestive system diseases with its modified formula or combination with Western medicine. Wumei Pills can play a role in treating digestive system diseases through antioxidant stress, Inhibiting inflammatory response, regulating intestinal flora, anti-tumor, promoting intestinal mucosal repair, etc. Most of the related research on the mechanism of Wumei Pills in the treatment of digestive system diseases were studied in a single pathway. The relationship between other mechanisms and pathways is worthy of further exploration. In addition, the current research mostly focuses on the lower digestive system diseases with diarrhea as the main manifestation, and there is still room for research and reporting in the treatment of upper digestive system diseases.

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has become a serious healthcare burden, and presents a huge impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Here, we developed an actively separated microneedle patch (PAA/NaHCO₃-Silk MN) based on silk protein for sustained release of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Silk protein, as a friendly carrier material for proteins, could be constructed in mild full-water conditions and ensure the activity of rhGH. After manually pressing PAA/NaHCO₃-Silk MN patch to skin for 1 min, active separation is achieved by absorbing the interstitial fluid (ISF) to trigger HCO₃ ^‒ in the active backing layer to produce carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). In rats, the MN patch could maintain the sustained release of rhGH for more than 7 days, and produce similar effects as daily subcutaneous (S.C.) injections of rhGH in promoting height and weight with well tolerated. Moreover, the PAA/NaHCO₃-Silk MN patch with the potential of painless self-administration, does not require cold chain transportation and storage possess great economic benefits. Overall, the PAA/NaHCO₃-Silk MN patch can significantly improve patient compliance and increase the availability of drugs, meet current unmet clinical needs, improve clinical treatment effects of GHD patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of information decision aid tool guided by decision coach in breast cancer patients.Methods:From January to December 2021, a total of 134 breast cancer patients in General Oncology Surgery Department of Xinxiang Central Hospital were enrolled using the convenient sampling method, and divided into the control group and the observation group with 67 cases each. The control group received regular decision aid intervention, and the observation group conducted information decision aid tool guided by decision coach, lasting for 1 week. The decision difficulty, decision preparation, decision regret and decision participation satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the decision difficulty scores of the two groups decreased, and the score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The scores of decision preparation and decision participation satisfaction of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, while decision regret score was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The information decision aid tool guided by decision coach can reduce decision difficulty and decision regret, promote decision preparation, and improve decision participation satisfaction.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with task-oriented rehabilitation training single pellet reaching and grasping (SPG) on the motor function of forelimb in rats with unilateral contusion of C₅ spinal cord. MethodsA total of 60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group), spinal cord injury (SCI) group, tDCS group, SPG group, false group and tDCS+SPG group, with ten rats in each group. Only C₅ lamina was removed in the sham group, and the C₅ spinal cord contusion model was established by IH spinal cord impactor in the other five groups. The rats received tDCS in tDCS group, SPG in SPG group, tDCS without current in false group, tDCS combined with SPG in tDCS+SPG group, and no treatment in the SCI and the sham groups. The rats were evaluated with Rearing and Grooming tests, and motor-evoked potential (MEP). ResultsFour weeks after operation, compared with SCI group, the scores of Rearing and Grooming increased in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and they were more in the tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.05); the score of Grooming increased in SPG group (P < 0.05); while the amplitude of MEP increased in tDCS group, SPG group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05), and the latency shortened in tDCS group and tDCS+SPG group (P < 0.05); and the amplitude increased more in tDCS+SPG group than in tDCS group and SPG group (P < 0.01). ConclusiontDCS could promote the recovery of motor function in rats with SCI, and the combination therapy of tDCS and task-oriented rehabilitation training is more effective.

To evaluate the clinical value of a new method of guide wire extraction and single reverse-α fixation with short nasobiliary duct for oronasal conversion and fixation, patients who underwent endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University from January to August 2022 were selected. They were randomly divided into guide wire extraction and single reverse-α fixation with short nasobiliary duct group (the observation group, n=145) and guide wire taking and reverse-α fixation group (the control group, n=71). The operation time, one-time operation success rate, adverse events, comfort and satisfaction between the two groups were compared. The operation time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [102 ( 91, 117) s VS 136 (127, 145) s, Z=-9.639, P<0.001]. The one-time operation success rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [88.28% (128/145) VS 67.61% (48/71), χ2=13.496], the nasopharynx stimulation score [1 (1, 2) VS 2 (1, 2), Z=-4.457] and adverse events incidence [4.14% (6/145) VS 15.49% (11/71), χ2=8.475] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). During the indwelling of nasobiliary duct, the bile drainage volume (179.45±81.54 mL VS 142.89±55.69 mL, t=3.407) and nursing satisfaction score (7.72±0.99 VS 6.06±1.07, t=11.337) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the comfort score (3.00±1.01 VS 4.83±0.99, t=-12.642) and incidence of adverse events [3.45% (5/145) VS 14.08% (10/71), χ2=8.344] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The operation time of nasobiliary duct removal in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (9.00±1.14 s VS 11.93±1.36 s, t=-16.616, P<0.001). In conclusion, the guide wire extraction and single reverse-α fixation with short nasobiliary duct for nasobiliary oronasal conversion and fixation in endoscopic nasobiliary drainage has the advantages of simple operation, small irritation response and low complication incidence, which is worth of clinical promotion.

Objective:To evaluate the activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) in fetal villi and peripheral blood plasma of pregnant women at high risk of mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ (MPS Ⅱ), and to discuss the application of gene analysis in prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ.Methods:The enzymatic testing and gene analysis results of 23 pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ, who underwent prenatal diagnosis in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from February 2013 to December 2020, were analyzed retrospectively.The IDS activity in fetal villi (30 cases) and plasma (28 cases) was detected by artificial substrate fluorescence.The IDS activity in fetal villi (28 cases) and plasma (34 cases) of normal pregnant women was taken as control.Meanwhile, the fetal villi of both pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ and normal pregnant women were also analyzed by gene testing and for fetal sex identification.Data were compared between groups by the independent samples t test. Results:The normal reference values of the IDS activity in fetal villi and plasma of normal pregnant women were(71.2±23.4) nmol/(mg·4 h) and (611.1±114.5) nmol/(mL·4 h), respectively.Among the 30 cases of high-risk fetal villi, the IDS activity in fetal villi of 8 affected male fetuses was (1.7±0.3) nmol/(mg·4 h), which was significantly lower than that of 11 unaffected male fetuses (83.2±6.3) nmol/(mg·4 h) and that of 9 non-carrier female fetuses (80.0±7.5) nmol/(mg·4 h) ( t=10.8, 8.8; all P<0.01). Meanwhile, the IDS activity was measured in the maternal peripheral plasma of 28 pregnant women at high risk of MPS Ⅱ.Among them, the IDS activity in 8 affected male fetuses was(225.4±20.5) nmol/(mL·4 h), which was significantly lower than that in non-affected male fetuses[(451.0±15.1) nmol/(mL·4 h)] and that in non-carrier female fetuses[(467.7±45.3)nmol/(mL·4 h)]. Eight known pathogenic mutations were found in 30 cases at high risk of MPS Ⅱ of fetal villi, and the mutation types were c. 1048A>C, c.212G>A, c.514C>T, c.257C>T, c.425C>T, and c. 998C>T.Of the 8 cases, 6 affected male fetuses had significantly reduced IDS activities, and the other 2 female carriers had normal IDS enzyme activities. Conclusions:The IDS activity in fetal villi and peripheral plasma of pregnant woman is consistent with the gene analysis results.The IDS activity has an important reference value for the prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ in the first trimester.When no genetic mutations are found in the probands or the pathogenicity of the new mutation remains unclear, the IDS activity in fetal villi can be detected separately for the prenatal diagnosis of MPS Ⅱ.

Objective:To analyze the influence of magnetic field on the proton beam delivery and dose distribution, and develop a correction method for the Bragg peak (BP) shift under the vertical magnetic field, providing reference for the dose calculation and beam delivery of MRI-guided proton therapy.Methods:Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was used to study the dose distribution of the proton beam in the water phantom under the magnetic field. The BP location was corrected by the method of" angle correction+ energy correction" , and the correction parameters were calculated by the analytical formula based on the simulation data.Results:The magnetic field caused the dose distortion and shift of BP location. The shift degree was increased with the increase of field strength and initial energy. Compared with MC simulation, the result of calculating proton deflection in the air by the analytical method yielded a deviation within 0.2%. Based on the simulation data and calculation formulas, the correction parameters under different conditions could be calculated within 1 s by using the MATLAB programming. The calculation results showed that the air layer with magnetic field, isocenter depth, irradiation direction exerted different influence on the correction parameters. After correction, the BP location was basically consistent with the expected (offset ≤0.2 mm).Conclusions:The BP shift under the vertical magnetic field can be effectively corrected by " the angle correction+ energy correction" method. The correction parameters under different conditions can be quickly and accurately calculated by the calculation formulas based on simulation data.