Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)on neural activity in the visual cortex of healthy volunteers using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Methods Each healthy volunteer underwent three sets of trials in a resting state:the LI4 group received acupuncture stimulation at the right Hegu(LI4)acupoint;the negative control was the sham acupoint group(SHAM group);and the positive control was the visual stimulation group(VISUAL group).fNIRS was used to simultaneously monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)levels in the vis-ual cortex during various stages of acupuncture or visual tasks,thereby reflecting the activation level of the visual cortex.The entire acupuncture procedure was performed with the subjects' eyes closed.fNIRS recorded the raw optical density values of hemodynamics in the region of interest(ROI)of the visual cortex during each task phase.The relative coefficientβ value for oxygenated hemoglobin was obtained via Matlab analysis,and the coefficient difference Δβ value between the task period and the baseline period was calculated,representing the degree of change in oxygenated hemoglobin content in-duced by the stimulus,which reflected the change in activation level of the visual cortex after acupuncture or visual stimu-lation.A larger Δβ value indicates a higher degree of visual cortex activation.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were applied to analyze the differences in visual cortex activation levels among the LI4,SHAM,and VISUAL groups.Results In channels 15 and 17 of the striate area and channels 10 and 13 of the extrastriate area,the Δβ values of sub-jects in the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases were significantly higher than those in the SHAM group(all P＜0.01).When comparing the Δβ values of the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases with those of the VISUAL group,under the current sample size,the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The Δβ values in both the striate and extrastriate areas of the LI4 group peaked during the needle manipulation phase.Conclusion Acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)can effectively activate the visual cortex in healthy volunteers,with the most significant increase in activation observed during the needle manipulation phase.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)on neural activity in the visual cortex of healthy volunteers using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Methods Each healthy volunteer underwent three sets of trials in a resting state:the LI4 group received acupuncture stimulation at the right Hegu(LI4)acupoint;the negative control was the sham acupoint group(SHAM group);and the positive control was the visual stimulation group(VISUAL group).fNIRS was used to simultaneously monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)levels in the vis-ual cortex during various stages of acupuncture or visual tasks,thereby reflecting the activation level of the visual cortex.The entire acupuncture procedure was performed with the subjects' eyes closed.fNIRS recorded the raw optical density values of hemodynamics in the region of interest(ROI)of the visual cortex during each task phase.The relative coefficientβ value for oxygenated hemoglobin was obtained via Matlab analysis,and the coefficient difference Δβ value between the task period and the baseline period was calculated,representing the degree of change in oxygenated hemoglobin content in-duced by the stimulus,which reflected the change in activation level of the visual cortex after acupuncture or visual stimu-lation.A larger Δβ value indicates a higher degree of visual cortex activation.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)were applied to analyze the differences in visual cortex activation levels among the LI4,SHAM,and VISUAL groups.Results In channels 15 and 17 of the striate area and channels 10 and 13 of the extrastriate area,the Δβ values of sub-jects in the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases were significantly higher than those in the SHAM group(all P＜0.01).When comparing the Δβ values of the LI4 group during the needle manipulation and withdrawal phases with those of the VISUAL group,under the current sample size,the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The Δβ values in both the striate and extrastriate areas of the LI4 group peaked during the needle manipulation phase.Conclusion Acupuncture at Hegu(LI4)can effectively activate the visual cortex in healthy volunteers,with the most significant increase in activation observed during the needle manipulation phase.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To analyze the use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces in Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital;To provide the basis and early warning for the monitoring of rational medication.Methods The prescriptions of oral Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces issued by the outpatient and emergency department of Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 1,2018 to May 31,2023 were extracted.Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition)was used to classify the classification of toxic decoction pieces,and unreasonable usage was analyzed.Results A total of 15 083 prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces were extracted,and 15 760 cases were used,including 24 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces.813 cases were used unreasonably,accounting for 5.16%,of which 642 cases were used excessively,accounting for 78.97%of the irrational cases.There were 217 cases of Chinese patent medicines of TCM decoction pieces containing heavy toxin,including 214 cases of excessive use,accounting for 98.62%.Unreasonable applications mainly focused on orthopedics,thyroid diseases,rheumatism and emergency medicine.Conclusion The excessive use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic decoction pieces in our hospital is prominent,with potential safety hazards.Clinical pharmacists should start from prescription reviews,provide feedback to physicians,and explore the monitoring of rational medication.They should intervene in drug prescriptions that have obvious toxicity or are prone to adverse reactions,discuss corresponding standardized measures,in order to use drugs reasonably and avoid artificially controlled adverse reactions or poisoning situations.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and effect of remote medical education model using online film reading training to improve the ability of ophthalmologists in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as "Xinjiang Region" ) in diagnosing fundus diseases.Methods:The three-level film reading training system of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps system division hospital-Corps Hospital-Peking Union Medical College Hospital was established. From June 2022 to January 2023, 4 159 posterior color fundus images were continuously collected from Department of Ophthalmology of Xinjiang Corps Hospital and 4 divisional hospitals in the Corps medical system. Among them, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), atrophic AMD and retinal vein occlusion were 3 073, 651, 43, 186 and 206 cases, respectively. The images were divided into 3 rounds (first, second and last) according to the proportion of diseases. The doctors who participated in the training (hereinafter referred to as the "training") were 15 ophthalmologists from the Corps Hospital of Xinjiang Region and the division hospital of the Corps system. There were 7 male and 8 female. Age was (38.1±4.0) years. The titles of senior, deputy senior, intermediate and junior are 1, 6, 5 and 3 respectively; Bachelor's degree and master's degree are 13 and 2 respectively. The working time of fundus disease specialty was (9.6±3.3) years. The film reading system training was conducted before the first round of labeling, and after each round of film reading, the doctors of Peking Union Medical College Hospital gave feedback and explanation on the film reading results. The diagnostic consistency, sensitivity and specificity were compared by paired sample t test. Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between the improvement of diagnostic level and professional title, education, age and working hours of ocular fundus disease. Results:All the participating doctors completed the first, second and last reading. After each round of film reading, the film reading summary was carried out for 2 hours. The average diagnostic agreement rates of participating physicians were 53.0%, 67.0% and 75.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.38, 0.69, 054 and 0.66, 0.85, 0.96, respectively. There was significant difference between the first and last examination ( P<0.001). The sensitivity of the second reading was significantly higher than that of the first reading, and the sensitivity of the last reading was significantly lower than that of the second reading, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The specificity of the second reading was significantly higher than that of the first reading, and the last reading was significantly higher than that of the second reading, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). There was no significant correlation ( P>0.05) between the improvement of diagnostic level of participating physicians and educational background ( Rho=0.07), professional title ( Rho=0.13), age ( r=0.20), and working time of ophthalmofundus disease specialty ( r=0.26). Conclusions:Relying on the three-level online telemedicine training, it can improve the ability of ophthalmologists in Xinjiang region to diagnose fundus diseases. The preliminary telemedicine education model has demonstrated potential for feasibility and effectiveness in remote areas with inadequate medical resources.

With the acceleration of global industrialization, impact of environmental risk factors on Parkinson's disease (PD) is gradually increased, resulting in an upward trend in PD incidence. Trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used organic solvent, has been gradually phased out, yet its persistent environmental contamination continues to pose health risks. In recent years, the relationship between TCE exposure and PD incidence has garnered increased attention. This article reviews the chemical properties of TCE, and relationship between TCE exposure and PD incidence and mechanism of trichloroethylene exposure in inducing PD incidence, in order to provide a new research perspective for management of environmental risk factors for PD.

Objective To explore a method to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of medical diagnostic neural network models under conditions of small data volumes,and to address the issue of poor neural network model performance in computer-aided diagnosis of nail diseases due to limited training data.Methods A dual-model strategy integrating instance segmentation with fine-grained feature classification was proposed.The neural network model based on dual-model strategy was trained using the dataset of Image-Based Intelligent Diagnosis of Nail Disease Model task of the first National Digital Health Innovation Application Competition & Health and Medical Big Data Theme Competition.This dataset covered 8 types of nail diseases,including nail matrix nevi,paronychia,nail psoriasis,onychomycosis,subungual hemorrhage,melanonychia,periungual warts,and nail melanoma,with class imbalance present.The diagnostic performance of the dual-model strategy was evaluated and compared with single-model strategies(image classification models[ResNet50 and Swin Transformer]and target detection model based on faster region-based convolutional neural network[Faster R-CNN])under the same hardware and software training conditions.Results The dataset included 1 048 samples,including 210 cases of nail matrix nevi,186 cases of paronychia,69 cases of nail psoriasis,203 cases of onychomycosis,149 cases of subungual hemorrhage,71 cases of melanonychia,93 cases of periungual warts,and 67 cases of nail melanoma,with 90％used for training various models and 10％for evaluation.The micro F1 score was 0.324 in the image classification model based on ResNet50,0.381 in the image classification model based on Swin Transformer,0.572 in the target detection model based on Faster R-CNN,and 0.714 in the dual-model strategy model Mask R-CNN+Swin Transformer.The accuracy rates for diagnosing different nail diseases in the dual-model strategy were:nail matrix nevi 80.95％(17/21),paronychia 89.47％(17/19),nail psoriasis 100.00％(7/7),onychomycosis 70.00％(14/20),subungual hemorrhage 73.33％(11/15),melanonychia 14.29％(1/7),periungual warts 55.56％(5/9),and nail melanoma 42.86％(3/7).The micro F1 score for evaluating the dual-model strategy on a test set of 1 000 cases was 0.844.Conclusion The dual-model strategy can effectively combine models with different functions to well accomplish the task of intelligent diagnosis of nail diseases under small data volume training conditions.

Objective:To investigate the serum levels of miR-19b and miR-744-5p in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to analyze the clinical value of miR-19b and miR-744-5p in the diagnosis of NSCLC.Methods:A total of 226 NSCLC patients (NSCLC group) and 100 healthy people (control group) admitted to Jilin Cancer Hospital from August 2019 to August 2022 were selected as research objects. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure and compare the serum levels of miR-19b and miR-744-5p between the NSCLC group and the control group, and the relationships between the two indicators and different clinical and pathological characteristics of NSCLC patients were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the clinical value of miR-19b, miR-744-5p and their joint detection in the diagnosis of NSCLC.Results:Compared with the control group, the serum miR-19b level (3.86±1.25 vs. 1.06±0.41) in the NSCLC group significantly increased ( t=21.87, P<0.001), while the miR-744-5p level (1.80±0.48 vs. 5.75±1.69) significantly decreased ( t=32.36, P<0.001). The serum miR-19b levels in NSCLC patients with pathological types of adenocarcinoma, maximum tumor diameter ≥3 cm, medium to low differentiation, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, and with lymph node metastasis were higher than those in squamous cell carcinoma ( t=5.94, P<0.001), maximum tumor diameter <3 cm ( t=2.65, P=0.009), well differentiation ( t=4.33, P<0.001), stageⅠ-Ⅱ ( t=12.32, P<0.001), patients without lymph node metastasis ( t=8.13, P<0.001), while miR-744-5p levels were lower than those in squamous cell carcinoma ( t=8.27, P<0.001), tumor maximum diameter <3 cm ( t=5.34, P<0.001), well differentiation ( t=6.95, P<0.001), stageⅠ-Ⅱ ( t=11.40, P<0.001), patients without lymph node metastasis ( t=10.36, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum miR-19b combined with miR-744-5p in the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.914 (95% CI: 0.841-0.959), with sensitivity and specificity of 90.9% and 84.0%, respectively. AUC was significantly than that of the single indicator detection of miR-19b (AUC=0.824, 95% CI: 0.770-0.869) and miR-744-5p (AUC=0.783, 95% CI: 0.709-0.838) ( Z=2.28, P=0.021; Z=2.36, P=0.017) . Conclusion:Serum miR-19b level of NSCLC patients is increased, miR-744-5p levels is decreased, and joint detection of serum miR-19b and miR-744-5p has high clinical value in the diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective To explore the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and Behcet's disease(BD)activity.Methods A total of 103 BD patients were divided into the low activity group(0-4,61 cases)and the high activity group(5-11,42 cases)according to electronic medical record-based disease activity index(EMRAI)score.The white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEU),lymphocyte(LY),platelet(PLT),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),IgG,IgA,IgM,complement C3 and C4 were detected.NLR and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)were calculated.The correlation between NLR,PLR and ESR,CRP,EMRAI were analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of BD disease activity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the effectiveness of NLR in judging BD disease activity.Results WBC,NEU,PLT,ESR,CRP,NLR,PLR,complement C3 and C4 in patients were higher in the high activity group than those in the low activity group(P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences in other indexes(P＞0.05).NLR was positively correlated with ESR,CRP and EMRAI in the whole group,while PLR was positively correlated with ESR,CRP and EMRAI in the whole group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that high NLR was a risk factor for BD disease activity(OR=1.511,95%CI:1.080-2.113,P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of NLR in evaluating BD disease activity was 0.706(95%CI:0.603-0.809).Conclusion NLR is effective in judging the disease activity of BD patients,and can be used as a biological index to evaluate the disease activity of BD.