Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the most prevalent forms of liver diseases globally. Its progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease， and there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， as a regulatory hub for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis， can coordinate key cellular processes such as adipogenesis， glucose metabolism， and mitochondrial functions. Its activation exerts metabolic regulatory effects through pathways including inhibiting lipogenesis， enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation， regulating inflammation and oxidative stress， and promoting autophagy. Accordingly， AMPK emerges as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）， with low toxicity， high accessibility， and multi-component， multi-target synergistic effects， has demonstrated unique value in NAFLD treatment， particularly showing notable advantages in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Sichuan is known as the treasure house of TCM， and the active components of its authentic medicinal materials such as Coptidis Rhizoma not only reflect regional characteristics in AMPK signaling regulation but also form a multi-level metabolic regulatory network through crosstalk with pathways such as sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）. They can achieve specific regulation by directly activating AMPK and modulating upstream and downstream targets， exerting prominent effects in ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study systematically reviews the research findings on TCM for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD over the past five years， elaborating the mechanisms by which TCM treats NAFLD through regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. It aims to provide new perspectives and references for clinical diagnosis and treatment， basic research， and drug development.

ObjectiveTo screen for and validate key differentially expressed proteins in serum of patients with metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to provide a basis for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and developing intervention strategies for this disease. MethodsA total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with MAFLD in the third affiliated hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled as MAFLD group， and 20 healthy controls were enrolled as HC group. Demographic data and serum biochemical parameters were collected from both groups. Data-independent acquisition （DIA） quantitative proteomics was used to measure the relative expression levels of serum proteins， and related methods were used to obtain significantly differentially expressed proteins， including the gene ontology functional enrichment analysis， the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis， protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， Hub node interaction， and weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）. Rats were given a high-fat diet to establish a model of MAFLD， and randomly assigned to the control group and model group. Serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory factors were measured， liver histopathological changes were observed， and the protein expression levels of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase （MERTK） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in liver tissue were verified. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or data with heterogeneity of variance between groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsCompared with the HC group， the MAFLD group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-7.348， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （Z=5.088， P<0.05）， alkaline phosphatase （t=-3.943， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=2.070， P<0.05）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （t=3.867， P<0.05）. A total of 3 559 proteins were identified by DIA serum proteomics， among which 160 differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in pathways including metabolic disorders， immune inflammatory response， and extracellular matrix remodeling. The PPI network and the Hub node analysis showed that serpin family E member 1， MMP-9， and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 were core regulatory proteins. WGCNA showed that the MEyellow module was significantly positively correlated with MAFLD phenotype （cor=0.55， P<0.001）， which was functionally enriched in the efferocytosis pathway. MERTK （P<0.001） and MMP-9 （P<0.001） showed the most significant differential expression in this module. A rat model of MAFLD was successfully established using a high-fat diet， and compared with the control group， the model group had enlarged， yellowish， and greasy liver and disordered structure of hepatic lobules， hepatocyte fatty degeneration， and inflammatory cell infiltration based on HE staining， as well as massive lipid droplet deposition based on oil red O staining， while no obvious fibrous cords were observed in Masson staining. Compared with the control group， the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-5.148， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （t=-5.663， P<0.05）， total bilirubin （t=-13.061， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=-2.722， P<0.05）， total cholesterol （t=3.588， P<0.05）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （t=-16.741， P<0.05）， as well as significant increases in the protein expression levels of MERTK （t=-11.448， P<0.001） and MMP-9 （t=-10.875， P<0.001） in liver tissue. ConclusionMMP-9 and MERTK are abnormally expressed in MAFLD and may be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for this disease.

Objective:To discuss the diagnostic value of levels of growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein(ST2),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)in serum of the ovarian cancer patients,and to clarify their relationships with clinicopathological parameters of the ovarian cancer patients.Methods:A total of 136 patients with ovarian benign lesions or primary ovarian malignancies in our hospital confirmed by postoperative histopathology were randomly selected,including 53 cases in ovarian benign ovarian disease group and 83 cases in ovarian cancer group.Additionally,55 healthy female volunteers during the same period were enrolled as healthy control group.The fasting venous blood from all the subjects was collected on the first day of admission,and serum was retained;cyclic enhanced fluorescence immunoassay was used to detect ST2 levels of the subjects in various groups;chemiluminescence method was used to detect serum CA125 and HE4 levels of the subjects in various groups;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each indicator;the Cut-off value and area under the ROC curve(AUC)were calculated,with AUC representing the diagnostic performance;Kendall's method was used to analyze the correlations between serum ST2 levels and TNM stage,maximum tumor diameter,distant metastasis,lymphnode metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA125,carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),HE4,P53,and Kiel-67(Ki67)in the ovarian cancer patients.Results:Compared with healthy control group,the serum CA125 level of the patients in ovarian benign ovarian disease group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with healthy control group and ovarian benign group,the serum levels of ST2,CA125,and HE4 of the patients in ovarian cancer group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The AUC values were 0.719(95%CI:0.616-0.822)for ST2,0.868(95%CI:0.794-0.942)for CA125,and 0.867(95%CI:0.793-0.942)for HE4.The combined detection of ST2+CA125+HE4 yielded an AUC of 0.894(95%CI:0.832-0.955).Significant differences were observed in serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 levels among ovarian cancer patients with different TNM stages,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and peritoneal metastasis(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the patients with different ages or maximum tumor diameters(P>0.05).The ST2 level in serm of the ovarian cancer patients was positively correlated with TNM stage,distant metastasis,lymph node metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,CA125 level,HE4 level,and Ki67 level(P<0.05),but was not correlated with maximum tumor diameter,CEA,CA199 level,or P53 level(P>0.05).Conclusion:ST2,CA125,and HE4 are highly expressed in the serum of the ovarian cancer patients.Combined detection of serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 exhibits good sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer screening and improves diagnostic efficacy.ST2 is associated with advanced TNM stage and metastasis in ovarian cancer and may participate in the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer.

Cholesterol,as an important component of cell membranes,plays a multifaceted role in mediating tumor immunomodulation and drug intervention.In case of cholesterol metabolic imbalance,the accumulation of cholesterol metabolic intermediates,the changes in concentrations,and the regulation of related signaling pathways can affect tumor immunity by promoting inflammation and inhibiting immune cell function.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that controlling cholesterol metabolism can inhibit tumor growth,re-shape body immune regulation,and enhance antitumor immunity.A deep understanding of the association between immune cells and cholesterol metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment can help to develop novel drugs targeting cholesterol metabolism.This article reviews the multifaceted role of cholesterol and its derived metabolites in the tumor microenvironment by regulating various types of immune cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells,tumor-associated macrophages,dendritic cells,and T-lymphocytes,as well as the characteristics of tumor immunomodulation mediated by cholesterol metabolism and the advances in pharmaceutical re-search on improving the immune function of the body by intervening against cholesterol,in order to further provide new ideas and a thera-peutic basis for cholesterol modulation and intervention in tumor im-munotherapy.

Objective To explore the relationship between the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and 2-year cognitive function changes.Methods A total of 101 elderly patients who were hospitalized at Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from September to December 2022 were selected.The cognitive function was evaluated using Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale.According to the baseline TyG index,the subjects were divided into high TyG index group(TyG index≥ 8.79,51 cases)and low TyG index group(TyG index＜8.79,50 cases).Using a binary Logistic regression model to adjust for confounding factors,the association between TyG index and cognitive decline was analyzed.Results The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that TyG index was negatively correlated with the change value of cognitive function(r=-0.243,P＜0.05).The incidence of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was significantly higher than that in low TyG index group(43.1％vs.24.0％,P=0.042).After adjusting for confounding factors,the risk of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was 2.971 times that of low TyG index group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TyG index of elderly hospitalized patients is correlated with 2-year cognitive function changes.The TyG index may serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of cognitive function decline.

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death involving copper ion metabolism, has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy. This pathway not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiating robust anti-tumor immune responses. However, translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications is hindered by challenges, including complex metabolic regulation, TME heterogeneity, and the precision required for effective drug delivery. To address these limitations, nanoparticles offer transformative solutions by providing precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy through simultaneous modulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses. This review systematically discusses recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cuproptosis delivery systems, highlighting nanoparticle design principles and their synergistic effects when integrated with other therapeutic modalities such as ICB, PTT, and CDT. Furthermore, we explore the potential of cuproptosis-based nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment by emphasizing strategies for TME stratification and therapeutic optimization tailored to patient profiles. By integrating current insights from metabolic reprogramming, tumor immunotherapy, and nanotechnology, this review aims to facilitate the clinical translation of cuproptosis nanomedicine and significantly contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk prediction model for readmission in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to provide reference for medical staff to apply or optimize relevant risk assessment tools.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for the related studies on readmission risk prediction models in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention from the establishment of the databases to April 25, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.Results:A total of eleven articles were included, involving sixteen readmission risk prediction models, with readmission rates ranging from 0.70% to 31.44% and the areas under subjects′working characteristic curves ranging from 0.604 to 0.899. Calibration methods were reported in ten models, five studies reported processing methods of missing data, and external validation was used in three studies. The overall risk of bias was higher. The top six predictors of repeated reports in the readmitted model were age, renal insufficiency, sex, congestive heart failure, diabetes and health insurance.Conclusions:The readmission risk prediction models had good predictive performance. However, the quality of the model methodology was limited. It is necessary to improve the research quality in data sources, measurement and definition of predictive factors, processing of missing data and model evaluation. In the future, data mining can be used to apply the readmission prediction model in the early stage of admission, so as to identify high-risk patients as early as possible and effectively prevent the occurrence of readmission.

Objective:To investigate the epidemic characteristics and trends of major natural focus diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases in Yantai City, and provide a basis for formulating reasonable prevention and control strategies.Methods:The descriptive analysis was conducted on the epidemic data of natural focal diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases in Yantai City collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance and Reporting Management System, a subsystem of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, covering the period from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023.Results:From 2019 to 2023, a total of 2 746 cases of 12 kinds of natural focus diseases, vector-borne infectious diseases and zoonosis were reported in Yantai City. The top four diseases reported in incidence rate were severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS, 3.13/100 000), brucellosis (2.57/100 000), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS, 1.09/100 000), and scrub typhus (0.73/100 000). There were statistically significant differences in the reported incidence rate of the four major natural focus diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases between different years (χ 2 = 92.55, 34.88, 132.33, 39.95, P < 0.001). The four major natural focal diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases had reported cases throughout the year. SFTS cases peaked in June, accounting for 28.80% (320/1 111). Brucellosis cases were predominantly reported from March to August, accounting for 65.54% (599/914). HFRS cases peaked in November, accounting for 38.66% (150/388), while scrub typhus cases peaked in October, accounting for 69.88% (181/259). The top three districts/cities with the highest incidence of the four major natural focus diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases were Laizhou City (585 cases), Zhaoyuan City (377 cases), and Haiyang City (358 cases). The incidence rates of SFTS in women was higher than that in men (χ 2 = 13.92, P < 0.001), and the incidences rates of brucellosis and HFRS in men were higher than those in women (χ 2 = 123.09, 73.32, P < 0.001). The cases of the four diseases were mainly farmers, accounting for 76.06% (845/1 111), 78.12% (714/914), 81.44% (316/388), and 85.71% (222/259), respectively. Conclusions:From 2019 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of the four major natural focus diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases in Yantai City presents an overall upward trend, with obvious seasonal, regional and demographic characteristics. Targeted prevention and control measures should be developed for high-risk areas and populations based on the characteristics of different diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)on the diameters of retinal arteries and veins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 102 patients with T2DM who treated in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January to September 2024 were selected and divided into Group A(LDL-C＜2.6mmol/L,35 cases),Group B(2.6mmol/L≤LDL-C＜3.4mmol/L,33 cases)and Group C(LDL-C≥3.4mmol/L,34 cases)according to the LDL-C level.The clinical data and color fundus photos of the patients were collected.The superior temporal retinal arteriolar equivalent(RAE)and superior temporal retinal venular equivalent(RVE)in the left eye of patients were measured,and the ratio of arteriovenous diameters(AVR)was calculated.The correlation between LDL-C levels and retinal vascular diameters was analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides,as well as the proportions of patients with coronary heart disease and diabetic retinopathy(DR)among the three groups(P＜0.05).With the progression of DR,the level of LDL-C gradually increases(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in RAE and AVR among patients with different DR stages(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in RAE and AVR among three groups of patients(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that RAE and AVR were negatively correlated with LDL-C(P＜0.05).Conclusion With the increase of LDL-C level,the degree of DR aggravates,and RAE and AVR decrease accordingly.However,there is no significant correlation between LDL-C and RVE.