BACKGROUND:Myocardial hypertrophy often leads to severe cardiovascular diseases and is difficult to diagnose due to its early stages being hard to detect.Circulating inflammatory proteins have been found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases,yet the specific mechanisms linking them to myocardial hypertrophy remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between circulating proteins and myocardial hypertrophy using multiple Mendelian randomization approaches.METHODS:Utilizing data from 91 circulating inflammatory proteins in the GWAS Catalog database and the latest myocardial hypertrophy data from the R11 FinnGen database,we employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization,multivariate Mendelian randomization,and Genome-Wide Association Studies co-localization to investigate the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and myocardial hypertrophy.The accuracy of the results was verified through sensitivity tests including MR-PRESSO,Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept assessment,leave-one-out analysis,and funnel plot analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the results of two-sample Mendelian randomization,the primary method used for evaluation was the Inverse Variance Weighting(IVW)approach.It was found that the level of T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform(IVW:P=0.046,OR=0.74,95％Cl:0.66-1.00),level of slit chemokine(IVW:P=2.1×10-2,OR=0.74,95％CI:0.556-0.95),level of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-4,OR=0.66,95％CI:0.49-0.87),level of interleukin-2(IVW:P=3.8×103,OR=0.667,95％CI:0.50-0.88),and sulfotransferase 1A1(IVW:P=1.42×102,OR=0.80,95％CI:0.67-0.96)had a unidirectional causal effect on cardiac hypertrophy.(2)Among the findings in multivariate Mendelian randomization,the levels of the CD6 isoform of T-cell surface glycoprotein(IVW:P=1.39×102,OR=0.81,95％CI:0.69-0.96)and the levels of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-2,OR=0.73,95％CI:0.55-0.98)were positive,indicating that the results remained significant after excluding the effects of other circulating inflammatory proteins that had an impact on myocardial hypertrophy.(3)In colocalization,T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels had H3+H4=0.96,with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism being rs59570070,suggesting an intrinsic link between T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels and myocardial hypertrophy.(4)Sensitivity results showed no abnormalities,indicating no heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects influencing the results.(5)These results verified that T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms,Slit chemokine,Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors,interleukin-2,and sulfotransferase 1A1 had a unidirectional causal effect on myocardial hypertrophy.T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors had the deepest impact,suggesting that there may be related pathways between T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and myocardial hypertrophy.Mendelian randomization studies require large amounts of clinical data and therefore often use European samples from international databases for analysis.Since this analytical method has significant advantages in causal inference,precision medicine,and cross-population validation,its research results still hold great significance for the medical development in China.As Mendelian randomization research deepens,it also promotes the collection and analysis of clinical data in China to some extent.In the future,we can further analyze key protein mechanisms,combine multiomics and clinical validation,develop an inflammatory marker monitoring system and novel anti-inflammatory therapies,thereby promoting the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and the development of personalized medicine.

BACKGROUND:Myocardial hypertrophy often leads to severe cardiovascular diseases and is difficult to diagnose due to its early stages being hard to detect.Circulating inflammatory proteins have been found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases,yet the specific mechanisms linking them to myocardial hypertrophy remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between circulating proteins and myocardial hypertrophy using multiple Mendelian randomization approaches.METHODS:Utilizing data from 91 circulating inflammatory proteins in the GWAS Catalog database and the latest myocardial hypertrophy data from the R11 FinnGen database,we employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization,multivariate Mendelian randomization,and Genome-Wide Association Studies co-localization to investigate the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and myocardial hypertrophy.The accuracy of the results was verified through sensitivity tests including MR-PRESSO,Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept assessment,leave-one-out analysis,and funnel plot analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the results of two-sample Mendelian randomization,the primary method used for evaluation was the Inverse Variance Weighting(IVW)approach.It was found that the level of T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform(IVW:P=0.046,OR=0.74,95％Cl:0.66-1.00),level of slit chemokine(IVW:P=2.1×10-2,OR=0.74,95％CI:0.556-0.95),level of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-4,OR=0.66,95％CI:0.49-0.87),level of interleukin-2(IVW:P=3.8×103,OR=0.667,95％CI:0.50-0.88),and sulfotransferase 1A1(IVW:P=1.42×102,OR=0.80,95％CI:0.67-0.96)had a unidirectional causal effect on cardiac hypertrophy.(2)Among the findings in multivariate Mendelian randomization,the levels of the CD6 isoform of T-cell surface glycoprotein(IVW:P=1.39×102,OR=0.81,95％CI:0.69-0.96)and the levels of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-2,OR=0.73,95％CI:0.55-0.98)were positive,indicating that the results remained significant after excluding the effects of other circulating inflammatory proteins that had an impact on myocardial hypertrophy.(3)In colocalization,T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels had H3+H4=0.96,with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism being rs59570070,suggesting an intrinsic link between T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels and myocardial hypertrophy.(4)Sensitivity results showed no abnormalities,indicating no heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects influencing the results.(5)These results verified that T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms,Slit chemokine,Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors,interleukin-2,and sulfotransferase 1A1 had a unidirectional causal effect on myocardial hypertrophy.T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors had the deepest impact,suggesting that there may be related pathways between T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and myocardial hypertrophy.Mendelian randomization studies require large amounts of clinical data and therefore often use European samples from international databases for analysis.Since this analytical method has significant advantages in causal inference,precision medicine,and cross-population validation,its research results still hold great significance for the medical development in China.As Mendelian randomization research deepens,it also promotes the collection and analysis of clinical data in China to some extent.In the future,we can further analyze key protein mechanisms,combine multiomics and clinical validation,develop an inflammatory marker monitoring system and novel anti-inflammatory therapies,thereby promoting the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and the development of personalized medicine.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the most prevalent forms of liver diseases globally. Its progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease， and there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， as a regulatory hub for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis， can coordinate key cellular processes such as adipogenesis， glucose metabolism， and mitochondrial functions. Its activation exerts metabolic regulatory effects through pathways including inhibiting lipogenesis， enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation， regulating inflammation and oxidative stress， and promoting autophagy. Accordingly， AMPK emerges as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）， with low toxicity， high accessibility， and multi-component， multi-target synergistic effects， has demonstrated unique value in NAFLD treatment， particularly showing notable advantages in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Sichuan is known as the treasure house of TCM， and the active components of its authentic medicinal materials such as Coptidis Rhizoma not only reflect regional characteristics in AMPK signaling regulation but also form a multi-level metabolic regulatory network through crosstalk with pathways such as sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）. They can achieve specific regulation by directly activating AMPK and modulating upstream and downstream targets， exerting prominent effects in ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study systematically reviews the research findings on TCM for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD over the past five years， elaborating the mechanisms by which TCM treats NAFLD through regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. It aims to provide new perspectives and references for clinical diagnosis and treatment， basic research， and drug development.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhengxintai granules as in the treatment of microvascular angina （MVA） following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. METHODS Patients with STEMI and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome who underwent PCI and developed MVA and were admitted to the Jinan Fourth People’s Hospital （Jinan Cardiovascular Hospital） from March 2022 to March 2025 were selected， they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to a random number table， with 76 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional Western medicine treatment combined with a placebo， while patients in the observation group received Zhengxintai granules （5 mg per dose， three times daily， for 8 weeks） in addition to conventional Western medicine treatment. The clinical efficacy [including the total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome improvement and the total effective rates of Western clinical efficacy] was compared between the two groups. The following indicators were detected before and after treatment： TCM syndrome scores， angina pectoris episodes [daily attack frequency， duration per attack， Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） score]， cardiac function indicators [lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， left ventricular end-diastolic dimension （LVEDD）， left ventricular end-systolic dimension （LVESD）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， cardiac output （CO）， fractional shortening （FS）]， coagulation function indicators [thrombin time （TT）， prothrombin time （PT）， fibrinogen （FIB）]， fibrinolytic marker （D-dimer）， vascular endothelial function indicators [vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）] and myocardial microcirculation hemodynamic indicators [end-diastolic velocity （EDV）， peak systolic velocity （PSV）， resistance index （RI）， pulsatility index （PI）]. The quality of life [Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） score] and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no patient dropout during the entire course of the study. The total effective rates of improvement in TCM syndromes and the total effective rates of Western clinical efficacy in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （93.42% vs. 82.89%， 94.74% vs. 84.21%， P＜0.05）. Before the treatment， the comparison of each examination indicator between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. Compared with before treatment， the TCM syndrome scores， the number of daily angina pectoris attacks and the duration of each attack， the VAS scores， LDH， NT-proBNP， FIB， D-dimer， ET-1 levels， LVEDD， LVESD， RI and PI after treatment in both groups were significantly reduced， shortened or decreased （P＜0.05）； VEGF and NO levels， LVEF， CO， FS， TT， PT， EDV， PSV， and the standard scores of five dimensions including angina pectoris stability， as well as the total scores of SAQ， all significantly increased or prolonged （P＜0.05）. Furthermore， the improvements in the aforementioned indicators （except for LVEF） in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Zhengxintai granules， when used as an adjunct to conventional Western medicine， can significantly alleviate the related symptoms of MVA in STEMI patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome after PCI， repair damaged cardiac function， restore the balance of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system， improve vascular endothelial function and myocardial microcirculation perfusion， and significantly enhance the quality of life of patients

ObjectiveTo screen for and validate key differentially expressed proteins in serum of patients with metabolic dysfunction‑associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to provide a basis for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and developing intervention strategies for this disease. MethodsA total of 20 patients who were diagnosed with MAFLD in the third affiliated hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled as MAFLD group， and 20 healthy controls were enrolled as HC group. Demographic data and serum biochemical parameters were collected from both groups. Data-independent acquisition （DIA） quantitative proteomics was used to measure the relative expression levels of serum proteins， and related methods were used to obtain significantly differentially expressed proteins， including the gene ontology functional enrichment analysis， the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis， protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， Hub node interaction， and weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）. Rats were given a high-fat diet to establish a model of MAFLD， and randomly assigned to the control group and model group. Serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory factors were measured， liver histopathological changes were observed， and the protein expression levels of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase （MERTK） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in liver tissue were verified. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or data with heterogeneity of variance between groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsCompared with the HC group， the MAFLD group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-7.348， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （Z=5.088， P<0.05）， alkaline phosphatase （t=-3.943， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=2.070， P<0.05）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （t=3.867， P<0.05）. A total of 3 559 proteins were identified by DIA serum proteomics， among which 160 differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in pathways including metabolic disorders， immune inflammatory response， and extracellular matrix remodeling. The PPI network and the Hub node analysis showed that serpin family E member 1， MMP-9， and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 were core regulatory proteins. WGCNA showed that the MEyellow module was significantly positively correlated with MAFLD phenotype （cor=0.55， P<0.001）， which was functionally enriched in the efferocytosis pathway. MERTK （P<0.001） and MMP-9 （P<0.001） showed the most significant differential expression in this module. A rat model of MAFLD was successfully established using a high-fat diet， and compared with the control group， the model group had enlarged， yellowish， and greasy liver and disordered structure of hepatic lobules， hepatocyte fatty degeneration， and inflammatory cell infiltration based on HE staining， as well as massive lipid droplet deposition based on oil red O staining， while no obvious fibrous cords were observed in Masson staining. Compared with the control group， the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase （t=-5.148， P<0.05）， alanine aminotransferase （t=-5.663， P<0.05）， total bilirubin （t=-13.061， P<0.05）， triglyceride （Z=-2.722， P<0.05）， total cholesterol （t=3.588， P<0.05）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （t=-16.741， P<0.05）， as well as significant increases in the protein expression levels of MERTK （t=-11.448， P<0.001） and MMP-9 （t=-10.875， P<0.001） in liver tissue. ConclusionMMP-9 and MERTK are abnormally expressed in MAFLD and may be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for this disease.

OBJECTIVE: To observe change in serum growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and killer cell lectin-like receptor B1 (KLRB1), to construct a nomogram model for 28-day death in patients with septic shock, and to explore its predictive value. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. The patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) of Cangzhou Central Hospital from September 2023 to March 2025 were selected as the septic shock group, the patients with sepsis admitted to the emergency general ward during the same period were selected as the sepsis group, and healthy individuals undergoing physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. On the day of hospital admission or physical examination for the research subjects, the levels of serum GDF11 and KLRB1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients with septic shock were divided into survival and death groups based on their 28-day survival status. The patients' gender, age, past medical history, infection site, severity of illness, mechanical ventilation, blood purification, infection indicators, biochemical indicators, coagulation function indicators, and blood lactic acid (Lac) were collected. The clinical data of the patients with septic shock between the two groups with different prognoses were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for 28-day death in patients with septic shock, and bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was conducted. A nomogram model was constructed based on the risk factors for 28-day death in patients with septic shock. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram model were evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and calibration curve. The clinical utility of the model was evaluated using clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: A total of 168 patients in the emergency ICU were enrolled in the septic shock group, 40 patients in the emergency general ward were enrolled in the sepsis group, and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled in the control group. Compared with the healthy control group, the serum GDF11 levels in the sepsis and septic shock groups were significantly increased (μg/L: 13.09±3.51, 19.28±5.36 vs. 4.17±0.92, both P < 0.05), and the serum KLRB1 levels were significantly decreased (ng/L: 57.36±11.28, 45.52±9.07 vs. 84.19±17.16, both P < 0.05), with more significant changes in the septic shock group (both P < 0.05). Among the 168 patients with septic shock, 96 survived and 72 died within 28 days. Compared with the survival group, the serum GDF11 level in the death group was significantly increased (μg/L: 24.24±4.81 vs. 15.56±4.62, P < 0.05), and the serum KLRB1 level was significantly decreased (ng/L: 28.53±8.69 vs. 58.26±9.45, P < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score, procalcitonin (PCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, and Lac between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that SOFA score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.38-3.65), Lac (OR = 1.38, 95%CI was 1.09-2.01), GDF11 (OR = 1.54, 95%CI was 1.21-2.33) and KLRB1 (OR = 0.64, 95%CI was 0.41-0.78) were independent risk factors for 28-day death in patients with septic shock (all P < 0.05). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that SOFA score was significantly positively correlated with Lac and GDF11 (r value was 0.37 and 0.58, respectively, both P < 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with KLRB1 (r = -0.72, P < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on the risk factors for 28-day death in patients with septic shock. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram model for predicting 28-day death in patients with septic shock was 0.963 (95%CI was 0.929-0.990), indicating that the model had good discrimination and predictive ability. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (χ ² = 9.578, P = 0.295) and calibration curve indicated that the predicted values of the model were in good agreement with the actual values. DCA indicated that the model provided a high net benefit for clinical decision-making. CONCLUSIONS The serum GDF11 level was significantly increased and the KLRB1 level was significantly decreased in patients with septic shock. The nomogram model based on GDF11 and KLRB1 could more accurately evaluate the 28-day death of patients with septic shock.
Humans ; Shock, Septic/blood* ; Nomograms ; Prospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Intensive Care Units

Objective:To discuss the diagnostic value of levels of growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein(ST2),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)in serum of the ovarian cancer patients,and to clarify their relationships with clinicopathological parameters of the ovarian cancer patients.Methods:A total of 136 patients with ovarian benign lesions or primary ovarian malignancies in our hospital confirmed by postoperative histopathology were randomly selected,including 53 cases in ovarian benign ovarian disease group and 83 cases in ovarian cancer group.Additionally,55 healthy female volunteers during the same period were enrolled as healthy control group.The fasting venous blood from all the subjects was collected on the first day of admission,and serum was retained;cyclic enhanced fluorescence immunoassay was used to detect ST2 levels of the subjects in various groups;chemiluminescence method was used to detect serum CA125 and HE4 levels of the subjects in various groups;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each indicator;the Cut-off value and area under the ROC curve(AUC)were calculated,with AUC representing the diagnostic performance;Kendall's method was used to analyze the correlations between serum ST2 levels and TNM stage,maximum tumor diameter,distant metastasis,lymphnode metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA125,carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),HE4,P53,and Kiel-67(Ki67)in the ovarian cancer patients.Results:Compared with healthy control group,the serum CA125 level of the patients in ovarian benign ovarian disease group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with healthy control group and ovarian benign group,the serum levels of ST2,CA125,and HE4 of the patients in ovarian cancer group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The AUC values were 0.719(95%CI:0.616-0.822)for ST2,0.868(95%CI:0.794-0.942)for CA125,and 0.867(95%CI:0.793-0.942)for HE4.The combined detection of ST2+CA125+HE4 yielded an AUC of 0.894(95%CI:0.832-0.955).Significant differences were observed in serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 levels among ovarian cancer patients with different TNM stages,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and peritoneal metastasis(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the patients with different ages or maximum tumor diameters(P>0.05).The ST2 level in serm of the ovarian cancer patients was positively correlated with TNM stage,distant metastasis,lymph node metastasis,peritoneal metastasis,CA125 level,HE4 level,and Ki67 level(P<0.05),but was not correlated with maximum tumor diameter,CEA,CA199 level,or P53 level(P>0.05).Conclusion:ST2,CA125,and HE4 are highly expressed in the serum of the ovarian cancer patients.Combined detection of serum ST2,CA125,and HE4 exhibits good sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer screening and improves diagnostic efficacy.ST2 is associated with advanced TNM stage and metastasis in ovarian cancer and may participate in the occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer.

Cholesterol,as an important component of cell membranes,plays a multifaceted role in mediating tumor immunomodulation and drug intervention.In case of cholesterol metabolic imbalance,the accumulation of cholesterol metabolic intermediates,the changes in concentrations,and the regulation of related signaling pathways can affect tumor immunity by promoting inflammation and inhibiting immune cell function.Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that controlling cholesterol metabolism can inhibit tumor growth,re-shape body immune regulation,and enhance antitumor immunity.A deep understanding of the association between immune cells and cholesterol metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment can help to develop novel drugs targeting cholesterol metabolism.This article reviews the multifaceted role of cholesterol and its derived metabolites in the tumor microenvironment by regulating various types of immune cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells,tumor-associated macrophages,dendritic cells,and T-lymphocytes,as well as the characteristics of tumor immunomodulation mediated by cholesterol metabolism and the advances in pharmaceutical re-search on improving the immune function of the body by intervening against cholesterol,in order to further provide new ideas and a thera-peutic basis for cholesterol modulation and intervention in tumor im-munotherapy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum levels of collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1(CTHRC1)and galectin-10 and disease severity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris(PV).Methods From October 2021 to March 2023,a total of 105 confirmed PV patients treated in the hospital were regarded as the research objects.According to the disease severity,they were separated into a severe group(46 cases)and mild to moderate group(59 cases).Additionally,105 healthy individuals who came to the hospital for physical examination were selected as the control group.The levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in serum were compared and analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influen-cing factors for the development of severe PV in patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum CTHRC1 and galectin-10 levels for the development of severe PV in patients.Results Compared with the control group,the serum levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the severe group and mild to moderate group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild to moderate group,the serum levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the severe group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild to moderate group,the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-26(IL-26),interleukin-22(IL-22),and interleukin-17(IL-17)were all increased in the severe group(P＜0.05).Ser-um IL-26,IL-22,CTHRC1,and galectin-10 levels were all influencing factors for the development of severe PV in patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum IL-26,IL-22,CTHRC1 and galectin-10 levels for predicting the development of severe PV in patients were 0.809,0.784,0.863 and 0.874,respective-ly,the AUC predicted by the combination of the four was 0.966,and the combined prediction of the four was better than the prediction of the four separately(Z combination of the four-IL-26=3.581,Zcombination of the four-IL-22=3.285,Zcombination of the four-CTHRC1=2.671,Zcombination of the four-galectin10=2.434,P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased levels of CTHRC1 and galectin-10 in the serum of PV patients are related to the severity of the disease.

The incidence of aortic valve disease gradually increases with age,and has become an upward trend in recent years.Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has become the first-line treatment for aortic stenosis(AS)due to minimal surgical trauma and fast postoperative recovery.But TAVR is a complex and high-risk technology,and the operation requires multidisciplinary collaboration and a comprehensive nursing team.Nursing care is crucial during the perioperative period of TAVR.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of perioperative nursing for TAVR patients,based on the latest research progress both domestically and internationally,in order to enhance the care of TAVR patients during the perioperative period,especially for postoperative complications.