BACKGROUND: Currently, lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high morbidity and mortality all over the world. However, the exact mechanisms underlying lung cancer progression remain unclear. The tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF) family members are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins, which function as both adaptor proteins and ubiquitin ligases to regulate diverse receptor signalings, leading to the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRAFs in different tissues and cancer types, as well as its mRNA expression, protein expression, prognostic significance and functional enrichment analysis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in order to provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. METHODS: RNA sequencing data from the The Genotype-Tissue Expression database was used to analyze the expression patterns of TRAF family members in different human tissues. RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database was used to analyze the expression patterns of TRAF family members in different types of cancer cell lines. RNA sequencing data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the mRNA levels of TRAF family members across different types of human cancers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses from HPA database were used to analyze the TRAF protein levels in NSCLC [lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC)]. Overall survival analysis was performed by Log-rank test using original data from Kaplan-Meier Plotter database to evaluate the correlation between TRAF expressions and prognosis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the TRAF family-related genes using RNA sequencing data from the TCGA database for NSCLC. The correlation between the expression levels of TRAF family members and the tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm based on RNA sequencing data from the TCGA database. RESULTS: The TRAF family members exhibited significant tissue-specific expression heterogeneity. TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF6 and TRAF7 were widely expressed in most tissues, while the expressions of TRAF1, TRAF4 and TRAF5 were restricted to specific tissues. The expressions of TRAF family members were highly specific among different types of cancer cell lines. In mRNA database of LUAD and LUSC, the expressions of TRAF2, TRAF4, TRAF5 and TRAF7 were significantly upregulated; while TRAF6 did the opposite; moveover, TRAF1 and TRAF3 only displayed a significant upregulation in LUAD and LUSC, respectively. Except for TRAF3, TRAF4 and TRAF7, other TRAF proteins displayed an obviously deeper IHC staining in LUAD and LUSC tissues compared with normal tissues. Additionally, patients with higher expression levels of TRAF2, TRAF4 and TRAF7 had shorter overall survival; while patients with higher expression levels of TRAF3, TRAF5 and TRAF6 had significantly longer overall survival; however, no significant difference had been observed between TRAF1 expression and the overall survival. TRAF family members differentially regulated multiple pathways, including NF-κB, immune response, cell adhesion and RNA splicing. The expression levels of TRAF family members were closely associated with immune cell infiltration and stromal cell content in the tumor immune microenvironment, with varying positive and negative correlations among different members. CONCLUSIONS TRAF family members exhibit highly specific expression differences across different tissues and cancer types. Most TRAF proteins exhibit upregulation at both mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC, whereas, only upregulated expressions of TRAF2, TRAF4 and TRAF7 predict worse prognosis. The TRAF family members regulate processes such as inflammation, immunity, adhesion and splicing, and influence the tumor immune microenvironment.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Prognosis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/metabolism*

BACKGROUND:Autophagy has become a rapidly developing research hotspot in the biomedical fields.Many researchers are actively exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in a variety of diseases.However,the role of autophagy in hair growth is still unknown. OBJECTIVE:To review the current research progress and application value of autophagy in hair growth and regeneration,to understand the role of autophagy in hair growth,to explore the pathogenesis of autophagy in pathological hair loss,and to provide new ideas for the study of drugs for hair loss. METHODS:Using"hair follicle growth,hair growth,hair regeneration,autophagy associated proteins,autophagy activity,autophagy associated genes,autophagy"as Chinese search terms and"hair growth,hair follicle,hair regeneration,autophagy"as English search terms,PubMed and CNKI databases were searched.The research progress on autophagy,hair growth and the role of autophagy in hair growth in and outside China in recent years was reviewed and summarized.Articles incompatible with the subject content of the paper were excluded.Finally,78 articles were included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Autophagy is a normal metabolic process in eukaryotes with complex molecular mechanisms and functional properties,which is beneficial to cell survival and cell death.(2)Alopecia-related diseases are associated with changes in autophagy activity,which can regulate hair growth cycle.Knockout or overexpression of autophagy-related genes can change the state of hair growth.Multiple autophagy related signaling pathways have been found to be related to hair follicle growth.Activators or inhibitors of autophagy can be used to treat or prevent hair loss.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and hot topics in research on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention during the perioperative period and provide references for future research and clinical practice.Methods:Journal articles related to perioperative VTE prevention were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database up to June 30, 2023. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.2.R4.Results:A total of 1 079 articles were included, showing an overall upward trend in the publication volume of perioperative VTE prevention research from 1999 to 2023. Research themes mainly focused on high-risk populations for VTE, high-risk types of surgery, risk factors and assessment, perioperative prevention, and nursing care. Current hot topics include "risk assessment" "anticoagulation therapy" "guidelines" "aspirin" and "rivaroxaban".Conclusions:Perioperative VTE prevention has increasingly garnered the attention of medical and nursing professionals. Future efforts should emphasize international exchange and cooperation to explore strategies for VTE prevention at different stages of the perioperative period and leverage information technology to enhance the quality of perioperative VTE prevention and management.

The core competencies of Operating Room specialist nurses are the key to being competent in Operating Room nursing work. However, the core competencies that Operating Room specialist nurses should possess in China are not yet clear, and there is no unified and standardized training model. This paper summarizes the concepts, core competency standards, and training models of Operating Room specialist nurses, explores the existing problems in admission conditions, curriculum arrangement, training content, training methods, and assessment of Operating Room specialist nurses, and puts forward suggestions for the training of Operating Room specialist nurses in China, in order to promote the improvement of core competency of Operating Room specialist nurses and the homogenization and standardization of training models.

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with significant neurotoxicity, high addiction potential, and behavioral abnormalities. Recent studies have identified a connection between the gut microbiota and METH-induced neurotoxicity and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying causal mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to METH pathophysiology remain largely unexplored. In this study, we employed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic (Abx) intervention to manipulate the gut microbiota in mice administered METH. Furthermore, we supplemented METH-treated mice with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pioglitazone (Pio) to determine the protective effects on gut microbiota metabolism. Finally, we assessed the underlying mechanisms of the gut-brain neural circuit in vagotomized mice. Our data provide compelling evidence that modulation of the gut microbiome through FMT or microbiome knockdown by Abx plays a crucial role in METH-induced neurotoxicity, behavioral disorders, gut microbiota disturbances, and intestinal barrier impairment. Furthermore, our findings highlight a novel prevention strategy for mitigating the risks to both the nervous and intestinal systems caused by METH, which involves supplementation with SCFAs or Pio.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of brucellosis complicated with rash.Methods:The medical records of 13 patients diagnosed with brucellosis complicated with rash diagnosed at the Hulunbuir People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were collected. Patient general information, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and treatment results were analyzed by retrospective investigation.Results:Among the 13 patients with brucellosis complicated with rash, 10 were females and 3 were males, the youngest age was 39 years, and the oldest age was 62 years. All patients had fever, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as chills, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, arthralgia, headache and other symptoms. Among the 13 patients, 12 had scattered red or dark red macules/papules/maculopapules on the trunk and limbs, and 1 had red macules on both lower limbs, ranging in size from 2 to 10 mm, with no itching or pain symptoms, and the rash did not fade under pressure. All patients tested positive for rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBT) and in vitro serum agglutination test (SAT). Brucella was isolated and cultured from blood samples of 4 patients. All patients showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), with detection values ranging from 27.1 to 146.4 mg/L and 22 to 79 mm/hr, respectively. Platelet and hemoglobin decreased in 1 case, 64 × 10 9/L and 96 g/L, respectively. Seven patients showed elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), with detection values ranging from 51 to 204 and 45 to 210 U/L, respectively. Creatinine increased in 2 patients, and the detection values ranged from 92.6 to 125.3 μmol/L. Three patients had abnormal urine routine; bone damage was found in 1 patient. After 12 weeks or more of combined, full dose and full course of drug treatment, 12 cases were cured and 1 case improved, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 100%. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis complicated with rash is low. When the patient has a history of epidemiological contact with brucellosis, and has symptoms of fever and rash, combined with laboratory test results, brucellosis can be considered, and early treatment could lead to a good prognosis.

Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse can cause serious mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. The gut microbiota is a crucial contributor to maintaining host mental health. Here, we aim to investigate if microbiota participate in Meth-induced mental disorders, and the potential mechanisms involved. Here, 15 mg/kg Meth resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice successfully and suppressed the Sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1)/BDNF/TRKB pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, Meth impaired gut homeostasis by arousing the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related colonic inflammation, disturbing the gut microbiome and reducing the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, fecal microbiota from Meth-administrated mice mediated the colonic inflammation and reproduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in recipients. Further, SCFAs supplementation optimized Meth-induced microbial dysbiosis, ameliorated colonic inflammation, and repressed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Finally, Sigmar1 knockout (Sigmar1^-/-) repressed the BDNF/TRKB pathway and produced similar behavioral phenotypes with Meth exposure, and eliminated the anti-anxiety and -depression effects of SCFAs. The activation of SIGMAR1 with fluvoxamine attenuated Meth-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Our findings indicated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs could optimize gut homeostasis, and ameliorate Meth-induced mental disorders in a SIGMAR1-dependent manner. This study confirms the crucial role of microbiota in Meth-related mental disorders and provides a potential preemptive therapy.

Objective:To analyze the clinical data of adult patients with brucellosis and provide scientific basis for treatment of brucellosis.Methods:The medical records of 1 279 adult brucellosis patients treated in the Brucellosis Department of Hulunbuir People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were selected. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, complications and curative effect were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among the 1 279 cases of brucellosis, there were 797 males and 482 females, with an average age of (39 ± 15) years. There were 464 cases in acute stage, 815 cases in chronic stage, and 1 221 cases contacted with animal fur such as cattle, sheep and sheep skin. The main clinical manifestations were fatigue (974), fever (819), hyperhidrosis (674) and joint and muscle pain (752). Spleen enlargement was the most common sign, with 151 cases in sequence. There were 623 complications in 1 279 patients with brucellosis. Bone and joint damage, blood system damage and liver damage were more common, with 563, 298 and 264 cases, respectively. Some patients even had multiple system damage. The titer range of in vitro agglutination test (SAT) in 1 279 patients with brucellosis was 1 ∶ 50++ to 1 ∶ 1 600++; 198 cases were positive for Brucella in blood culture; SAT was positive in 8 cases of cerebrospinal fluid and 4 cases of pleural effusion. There were 114 cases of leucopenia, 51 cases of leucopenia, 158 cases of thrombocytopenia, 93 cases of decreased hemoglobin, 205 cases of elevated alanine aminotransferase, 198 cases of elevated aspartate aminotransferase and 143 cases of elevated creatinine in 1 279 patients with brucellosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 587 cases and C-reactive protein increased in 563 cases. After treatment with two or three antibiotics for at least 12 weeks, the total effective rate was 98.3% (1 257/1 279). Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of brucellosis are varied. Clinicians should highly suspect brucellosis if the patient has a history of epidemiological exposure to brucellosis and has symptoms such as fever, sweating, joint muscle pain and fatigue. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment should be carried out to prevent the disease from becoming chronic and affecting the quality of life. The occupational population should strengthen physical examination and education for brucellosis.

Objective:To investigate the mutation of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its clinical significance.Methods:Paraffin-embedded tissues of 38 DLBCL patients surgically resected at Shiyan Taihe Hospital from January 2016 to March 2022 were collected. The mutation of PIM1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Sanger sequencing. The DLBCL-related DUKE, DFCI and TCGA datasets in the cBioPortal database were screened to collect information on PIM1 gene mutation and expression and clinical prognosis. Patients were divided into PIM1 mutation-positive group and PIM1 mutation-negative group, and the differences in clinicopathological characteristics, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) levels and overall survival (OS) between the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model.Results:The PIM1 mutation rates of DLBCL patients in DUKE, DFCI, TCGA datasets and Shiyan Taihe Hosipital were 14.3% (96/673), 26.3% (26/99), 19.5%(8/41) and 28.9% (11/38), respectively, in which mutation site and mutation form were more commonly found in exon 4 and missense mutations. There were statistical differences in the PIM1 mutation rate among DLBCL patients with different age (DUKE dataset) and cell of origin (COO) classification (DFCI dataset) ( χ2 values were 8.22 and 4.40, both P<0.05). Compared with PIM1 mutation-negative group, the PIM1 mutation-positive group had a higher TMB in DUKE, DFCI and TCGA datasets (all P<0.05). In DUKE and DFCI datasets, the OS of PIM1 mutation-positive group was worse than that of PIM1 mutation-negative group (both P<0.05), and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PIM1 gene mutation-positive was an adverse prognostic factor of OS (DUKE dataset: HR = 1.661, 95% CI 1.151-2.396, P = 0.007; DFCI dataset: HR = 2.074, 95% CI 1.031-4.172, P =0.041). Conclusions:PIM1 gene mutation may be related to the poor prognosis of DLBCL patients.

The protection of open abdomen (OA) wound is a significant subject in the field of trauma surgery. The key technical challenge in the early stage of OA wound management involves promoting granulation tissue filling between intestinal segments, reducing intestinal wall abrasion, and preventing the development of enteroatmospheric fistulas (EAF). Hydrogels, characterized by their high water content and exceptional biocompatibility, serve as extracellular matrix-mimicking materials, and are extensively employed in various medical and healthcare applications. In this review, we discuss the application of hydrogel developed by natural biomaterials in OA wounds protection, taking into consideration the unique pathophysiological characteristics of the OA wounds. This review aims to provide valuable insights for the development of hydrogel materials for early-stage OA wound protection in future research.