OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and shoulder function of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of Neer three/four-part proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. METHODS: Randomized controlled analysis was conducted on 68 patients over 70 years old with Neer three/four-part proximal humeral fractures treated with RTSA or ORIF between January 2020 and June 2022. The patients were randomly divided into RTSA group ( n=32) and ORIF group ( n=36). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the baseline data such as age, gender, body mass index, injured side, Neer classification, and preoperative Charlson comorbidity index, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Constant shoulder score, Oxford shoulder score (OSS), and hemoglobin (Hb). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, reduction of Hb on the 3rd day after operation, hospital stay, total cost of hospitalization, complication incidence, range of motion of shoulder joint at 2 years after operation, VAS score before operation and at 5 days and 1 month after operation, Constant shoulder score and OSS score before operation and at 2 years after operation, and imaging results during follow-up were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with the ORIF group, the RTSA group had longer operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, and higher total cost of hospitalization ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Hb reduction on the 3rd day after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The VAS scores significantly improved in both groups at 5 days and 1 month after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 26-35 months, with an average of 31.2 months. In the RTSA group, there were 2 cases of poor healing of superficial incision and 1 case of transient nerve injury. There was no complication such as bone resorption around the prosthesis, lucent band, prosthesis loosening, or periprosthetic fracture in all patients. In the ORIF group, there was 1 case of poor healing of superficial incision, 3 cases of nonunion of fracture, 1 case of arthritis secondary to humeral head necrosis, and 1 case of bone absorption of large tuberosity, and no displacement or fracture failure of internal fixation was found in all patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications [9.4% (3/32) vs 16.7% (6/36)] between the two groups [ OR (95% CI): 0.828 (0.171, 4.014), P=0.814]. In the RTSA group, 28 cases were graded 0 and 4 cases were graded 1 at 2 years after operation. Constant and OSS scores of RTSA group were significantly better than those of ORIF group ( P<0.05). The Constant score was significantly better than ORIF group in activity and strength, range of motion, lifting, abduction, and external rotation ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in pain, daily function, and internal rotation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The RTSA group had a significantly greater range of motion in lifting, abduction, and external rotation than ORIF group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in internal rotation between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Application of RTSA as the initial treatment of Neer three/four-part proximal humeral fractures in the elderly can achieve better rehabilitation of joint activity and lower risk of early reoperation, and improve the quality of life of elderly fracture patients. However, the difficulty of revision and the high cost of treatment require the surgeon to pay full attention and strictly grasp the indications.
Humans ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Male ; Female ; Shoulder Fractures/surgery* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder/methods* ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Open Fracture Reduction/methods* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Length of Stay

Objective To investigate the application value of ganglioside treated for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods The 88 neonatal HIE children were divided into observation group and control group according to random digits table method with 44 cases each.The children in the two groups were given general comprehensive treated measures.The children in observation group were treated with ganglioside.The children in control group were treated with citicoline.The clinical treatment situation,clinical symptoms situation,neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) score situation,the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The total efficiency in observation group was 90.91％(40/44),in control group was 68.18％ (30/44),there was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The times of reflex recovery,muscle tension recovery and consciousness recovery in observation group were (7.04 ± 1.28),(8.13 ± 1.42) and (5.08 ± 0.90) d,in control group were (10.16 ± 1.57),(10.98 ± 1.33) and (9.76 ± 1.18) d,the targets in observation group were significantly shorter than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The change of NBNA score before and after treatment was (10.91 ± 1.83) scores in observation group,which was higher than that in control group [(9.07 ± 1.69) scores],and there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.05).The change ofTNF-α and IL-6 levels before and after treatment in observation group were (65.78 ± 12.25)and (88.58 ± 18.01) ng/L,which were lower than those in control group [(30.10 ± 11.93) and (32.69 ±17.94) ng/L],and there were significant differences between the two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Ganglioside can be used as an ideal therapeutic drug for neonatal HIE to clinical application.Its mechanism may be related to the reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 levels.

Objective To study the effect of minimal enteral nutrition on the immune system of newborn infants under mechanical ventilation (MV) with intratracheal intubation.Methods Eighty-one patients under MV with intratracheal intubation were divided into two groups:treatment group and control group.Forty patients in treatmet group accepted early minimal enteral nutrition,while other 41 patients in control group accepted normal feeding,then T-lymphocytes (CD3,CD4,CD8),CD4/CD8,immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA,IgM),occurane of secondary infection,time of beginning fully enteral feeding,occurance of abdominal distension were recorded.Results There were no significant differences of T-lymphocytes (CD3,CD4,CD8),CD4/CD8,immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA,IgM) changes between the two groups in which the time of patients beginning MV under intratracheal intubation was less than five days (P ＞ 0.05) ; while comparing patients in the two groups whose MV time was equal or greater than five days,the changes of T-lymphocytes CD3[(37.3 ± 1.6)％,(42.6 ±2.8)％],CD4[(29.1 ±1.7)％,(34.6 ±2.1)％],CD4/CD8 (17.9 ±1.8,18.9 ± 1.6),immunoglobulins IgA[(55.42 ±3.98) mg/L,(129.00 ±7.76) mg/L],IgM[(130.29 ±10.92) mg/L,(317.33 ± 11.64) mg/L] in treatment group were more significant than those in control group(P ＜0.05) ;furthermore the differences of the secondary infection occurance,the time beginning fully enteral feeding,intravenous nutrition and hospital stays in the treatment group [20％ (8/40),(8.56 ± 1.78) d,(10.56 ± 1.78) d,(12.63 ± 1.73) d] were lower significantly than those in the control group [48.78％ (20/41),(10.20 ± 1.65) d,(12.15 ± 1.69) d,(14.15 ± 1.64) d] (P ＜ 0.05).These were no significant differences on abdominal distension and gastric retention between the treatment group [20％ (8/40),17.5％ (7/40)]and the control group [24.39％ (10/41),19.51％ (8/41)] (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early minimal enteral nutrition in infants under long time MV with intratracheal intubation could improve immune function recovery,reduce the occurance rate of secondary infection,shorten the time beginning fully enteral feeding,intravenous nutrition and hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the significance of total bilirubin/albumin in predicting bilirubin neurotoxicity.Methods Eighty-three cases with hyperbilirubinemia who treated from May 2007 to August 2010 were selected,the serum total bilirubin and albumin were detected and total bilirubin/albumin was calculated.According to brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)results,the patients were divided into normal BAEP group and abnormal BAEP group and compared.Results There were 27 cases of abnormal BAEP group and 56 cases of normal BAEP group.Total bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin in abnormal BAEP group were higher than those in normal BAEP group[(356.50±59.23)μmol/L vs.(318.70±55.12)μmol/L,(5.02±0.49)×10-3 vs.(4.56±0.43)×10-3],the differences were significant (P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed:abnormal BAEP was closely related to total bilirubin/albumin(r=0.72,P<0.05),whih abnormal BAEP was not obviously related to total bilirubin(r=0.19,P>0.05).Conclusion Total bilirubin/albumin can reflect serum unconjugated bilirubin level of neonatus with hyperbilirubinemia better than total bilirubin,and it can can be taken as one index to evaluate the risk factors of bilirubin neurotoxicity.