Recent progress in the field of breast cancer research was reported at the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)annual meeting.Research on neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer represents the current main approach,such as finding different chemothera-peutic regimens to enhance efficacy and improve prognosis,developing treatment strategies for patients who do not achieve pathological complete response(non-pathologic complete response,non-pCR)after neoadjuvant therapy,and exploring predictive biomarkers or tools for efficacy and prognosis.In this article,we report related research progress in neoadjuvant therapy for different subtypes of breast cancer in ASCO 2024 to present the current overall landscape of neoadjuvant therapy and provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

Recent progress in the field of breast cancer research was reported at the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)annual meeting.Research on neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer represents the current main approach,such as finding different chemothera-peutic regimens to enhance efficacy and improve prognosis,developing treatment strategies for patients who do not achieve pathological complete response(non-pathologic complete response,non-pCR)after neoadjuvant therapy,and exploring predictive biomarkers or tools for efficacy and prognosis.In this article,we report related research progress in neoadjuvant therapy for different subtypes of breast cancer in ASCO 2024 to present the current overall landscape of neoadjuvant therapy and provide a reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective:To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced alleviation of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in rats.Methods:One hundred clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 270-320 g, aged 4-5 months, were divided into 5 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group V), AMG9810 group (group A), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine + RTX group (group DR). VILI model was prepared by mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 40 ml/kg for 4 h. In group A, TRPV1 inhibitor AMG9810 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before mechanical ventilation.Dexmedetomidine 5.0 μg/kg was intravenously infused at 20 min before mechanical ventilation, and dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at the rate of 5.0 μ g·kg -1·h -1 during ventilation in group D and group DR.In group DR, RTX 70 μ g/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days before mechanical ventilation.At 4 h of mechanical ventilation, the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected, oxygenation index (OI) and wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio were measured, the histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed, and lung injury was assessed and scored.The expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB in lung tissues was detected by Western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB mRNA. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly increased, OI was decreased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group V ( P<0.05). Compared with group V, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly decreased, OI was increased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were decreased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was down-regulated in A, D and DR groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were significantly increased, OI was decreased, the W/D ratio and lung injury scores were increased, and the expression of TRPV1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group DR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine alleviates VILI is partially related to inhibition of the activation of TRPV1/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibition of the inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of diabetic diarrhea patients with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome.Methods:According to the random number table method, 62 patients with diabetic diarrhea with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome from June 2019 to June 2021 in Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into two groups, with 31 in each group. The control group was treated with standardized hypoglycemic and mecobalamin treatment, while the treatment group was treated with Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks and followed up for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM syndrome scores and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) scores were performed before and after treatment. The Health Related Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. The number of bowel movements and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded before and after treatment, and followed up for 2 weeks to observe the disease recurrence rate.Results:The total effective rate was 93.55% (29/31) in the treatment group and 74.19% (23/31) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between both groups ( χ2=5.44, P=0.020). After treatment, the number of bowel movements in the treatment group [(1.02±0.23) times/d vs. (2.35±0.45) times/d, t=14.65] was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01); the BSFS scores (1.93±0.43 vs. 3.23±0.43, t=11.87) and TCM syndrome score (0.93±0.25 vs. 1.95±0.36, t=12.96) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01); the SF-36 score (92.32±2.99 vs. 86.23±3.12, t=7.85) in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01). No gastrointestinal adverse events were found in both groups during treatment. During the follow-up period, there were 4 cases (4/23) of recurrence in the control group after treatment, and no recurrence in the treatment group. There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups ( χ2=4.28, P=0.039). Conclusion:The Jianpi Bushen Zhixie Recipe combined with conventional western medicine can improve symptoms and quality of life of patients with diabetic diarrhea with spleen and kidney yang-deficiency syndrome, reduce adverse reactions and recurrence rate.

Programmed death factor-1 (PD-1) is a promising target molecule for clinical tumor immunotherapy in recent years. Recent studies suggest that PD-1 and related signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, p38MAPK, ERK, etc.) played a key regulatory role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Silicosis is a systemic disease caused by inhalation of free silicon dioxide dust, which is mainly characterized by extensive pulmonary nodular fibrosis and seriously endangers the health of patients. Dissecting the role of PD-1 in the pathogenesis of silicosis may be of great significance in the mechanism research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of silicosis. This paper reviews the regulation of PD-1 molecule on related signaling pathways and its role in pulmonary fibrosis, and looks forward to the potential application of these mechanistic studies in silicosis research.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/sodium-potassium ATPase(Na + -K + -ATPase)signaing pathway in lung tissues of rats with mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Methods:Forty-eighty clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 270-320 g, aged 4-5 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI (alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) group (group V), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and dexmedetomidine plus yohimbine group (group DY). Group C underwent no mechanical ventilation and breathed air spontaneously for 4 h. Mechanical ventilation (respiratory rate 40 breaths/min, tidal volume 40 ml/kg, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1∶1, PEEP 0, fraction of inspired oxygen 21%) lasted 4 h in group V. Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a dose of 5.0 μg/kg at 20 min before ventilation followed by an infusion of 5.0 μg·kg -1· h -1 throughout ventilation in group D. In group DY, yohimbine 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 10 min before dexmedetomidine, and the other treatments were similar to these previously described in group D. Blood samples and lung tissues were taken at 4 h of mechanical ventilation to determine the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), lung permeability index (LPI), alveolar fluid clearance rate (AFC), and expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and Na + -K + -ATPase in lung tissues (by Western blot) and to observe pathological changes of lung tissues. Results:Compared with group C, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly increased, AFC was decreased, p-ERK expression was up-regulated, and Na + -K + -ATPase expression was down-regulated in group V and group DY ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of the parameters mentioned above in group D ( P>0.05). Compared with group V, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly decreased, AFC was increased, p-ERK expression was down-regulated, Na + -K + -ATPase expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group D, and no significant change was found in the incidence of the parameters mentioned above in group DY ( P>0.05). Compared with group D, LPI and W/D ratio were significantly increased, AFC was decreased, p-ERK expression was up-regulated, Na + -K + -ATPase expression was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were accentuated in group DY. Conclusion:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine alleviates VILI may be related to activating alpha2-adrenergic receptors and inhibiting ERK/Na + -K + -ATPase signaling pathway in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of crystalline silica with different exposure patterns on lung fibrosis in rats. Methods: A total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of five animals each and received intratracheal instillation of sterile saline or silica suspension in different patterns: saline once at day 0, saline once/week, crystalline silica 50 mg at day 0, crystalline silica 6.25 mg/week. The rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks. The lung tissues were collected for pathological analyses, and determining mRNA and protein levels of related fibrogenic molecules. Results: The collagen deposition induced by crystalline silica in lung tissues were increased. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and Col I in group c were significantly elevated than those in group saline once at day 0 (all P<0.05). Compared with group saline once/week, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, Col I, Col III and CTGF were significantly increased in group crystalline silica 6.25 mg/week (P<0.05) . The mRNA levels of Col I and CTGF were significantly increased in group crystalline silica 6.25 mg/week in comparison with those in group crystalline silica 50 mg at day 0 (P<0.05) . Conclusion Given the same cumulative dose of crystalline silica, multiple exposures were likely to induce more severe lung fibrosis.

Objective To explore the survival factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 492 patients with OSCC were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2003 to December 2014. Then, 456 cases were included in the present study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and follow-up data were collected to evaluate survival factors of OSCC. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of survival factors. We also stratified by TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours stage and BMI to assess the association between treatments and OSCC outcomes. Results The age of the recruited patients was (57.89±11.61) years, and the proportions in TNM stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣwere 14.0%(64), 23.7%(108), 16.1%(73) and 42.5%(194), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the HR (95% CI) of the increase to mortality risk associated with stage T2-T3, T4(T1 as reference), stage N2-N3 (N0 as reference), poor-moderate differentiation, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (compared with BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), alcohol consumption≥20 g/d (compared with no alcohol) before treatment were 2.69 (1.21-5.95), 3.40 (1.54-7.53), 2.65 (1.17-6.00), 2.56 (1.39-4.71), 2.00 (1.15-3.50), 2.09 (1.11-3.93), and 1.68 (1.03-2.73), respectively. The stratification analysis demonstrated that, compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with radiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, HR (95% CI) 0.33 (0.12-0.93). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of OSCC with normal BMI, HR(95%CI) were 0.39 (0.17-0.87). Conclusions Clinical stage and histological grade are survival factors for patients with OSCC.

Objective To explore the survival factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods A total of 492 patients with OSCC were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2003 to December 2014. Then, 456 cases were included in the present study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and follow-up data were collected to evaluate survival factors of OSCC. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of survival factors. We also stratified by TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours stage and BMI to assess the association between treatments and OSCC outcomes. Results The age of the recruited patients was (57.89±11.61) years, and the proportions in TNM stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣwere 14.0%(64), 23.7%(108), 16.1%(73) and 42.5%(194), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the HR (95% CI) of the increase to mortality risk associated with stage T2-T3, T4(T1 as reference), stage N2-N3 (N0 as reference), poor-moderate differentiation, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (compared with BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), alcohol consumption≥20 g/d (compared with no alcohol) before treatment were 2.69 (1.21-5.95), 3.40 (1.54-7.53), 2.65 (1.17-6.00), 2.56 (1.39-4.71), 2.00 (1.15-3.50), 2.09 (1.11-3.93), and 1.68 (1.03-2.73), respectively. The stratification analysis demonstrated that, compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with radiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, HR (95% CI) 0.33 (0.12-0.93). Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy reduced the mortality risk of OSCC with normal BMI, HR(95%CI) were 0.39 (0.17-0.87). Conclusions Clinical stage and histological grade are survival factors for patients with OSCC.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of first-line treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy and non-platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with lung metastases from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

METHODSSixty-five eligible patients were divided into platinum-treated group and non-platinum-treated group according to the first-line therapy. Factors predicting the chemotherapeutic efficacy included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response (OR).

RESULTSIn the platinum-treated group of 32 patients, 2 cases (6.3%) achieved CR, 16 cases (50.0%) achieved PR, 11 (34.4%) cases achieved SD, and 3 patients (9.4%) achieved PD. In the non-platinum-treated group of 33 patients, 2 cases (6.1%) achieved CR, 6 cases (18.2%) achieved PR, 16 cases (48.5%) achieved SD, and 9 cases (27.3%) achieved PD. Median PFS was significantly longer in the platinum-treated group than in the non-platinum-treated group (10 months vs. 6.0 months, P = 0.012), and OS was also improved (32 months vs. 22 months, P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis of several factors including local-regional lymph node involvement, lung metastasis-related symptoms, first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, disease-free interval, size and number of lung lesions, showed that first-line platinum-based chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for TNBC patients with lung metastases.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with non-platinum-based chemotherapy, the first-line platinum-based chemotherapy can improve PFS and OS in TNBC patients with metastases confined to the lungs.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Platinum ; therapeutic use ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy