Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic disease with biological characteristics similar to malignant tumor. It has no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage. Most patients have complications such as jaundice, ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding when they see a doctor. At this time, the course of disease is at an advanced stage. In addition, the incomplete resection of the AE lesion(s) leads to a high postoperative recurrence rate, which has a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Based on the summary of the latest research at home and abroad and the analysis of blood supply, microvascular invasion and vascular growth factor expression in the "infiltrating zone" adjacent to the lesions of hepatic AE, this article has a deep understanding of the occurrence and development process of hepatic AE, aiming to better guide clinical practice and improve the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Physical Examination

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystem shunt (TIPS) and gastric coronary vein embolization (GCVE) in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis,portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods From Jan 2014 to May 2017 72 patients were enrolled and divided into the TIPS group (36 cases,receiving TIPS) and TIPS + E group (36 cases,byTIPS+GCVE).Results Portal vein diameter (1.21 ±0.08)cm vs.(1.26 ±0.09)cm,portal pressure (23.9 ± 2.1) cmH2O vs.(25.1 ± 2.2) cmH2O and congestion index (0.06 ± 0.03) cm/s vs.(0.08 ±0.03) after 1 month of treatment in TIPS + E group was significantly lower than the TIPS group,and the portal vein velocity was significantly higher than that of the TIPS group (42 ± 6) cm/s vs.(38 ± 7) cm/s,t =2.491,2.367,2.828,t =2.343,all P ＜ 0.05.The Child-Pugh score in the TIPS + E group was significantly lower than that in the TIPS group (7.9 ± 1.4) vs.8.6 ± 1.6,t =2.074,P =0.042).There was no statisticall different difference in postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in the two groups (17％ vs.11％,x2 =0.465,P =0.496).The one-year rebleeding rates in the TIPS group and the TIPS + E group were 14％ and 3％,respectively.The risk of rebleeding in the TIPS + E group was significantly lower than that in the TIPS group (HR =0.218,P =0.041).The one-year access obstruction rates in the TIPS group and the TIPS + E group were 17％ and 14％,respectively.(P =0.679).The all-cause mortality rates of the TIPS group and the TIPS + E group were 8％ and 3％,respectively,showing no statistically (P =0.299).Conclusions TIPS + GCVE therapy in the treatment of portal hypertensive upper gastrointestinal bleeding effectively reduces the risk of rebleeding.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) in a Chinese population.

METHODSFor 275 CD patients and 495 controls, the genotypes of VEGF gene rs699947 and rs3025039 loci were determined with a SNaPshot method.

RESULTSThe allelic and genotypic frequencies of the rs699947 and rs3025039 loci did not differ between the two groups (all P>0.05). By stratification analysis, allele A and genotype CA+AA of rs699947 were more frequent in patients with colonic CD compared with the controls (P=0.006, 95%CI:1.143-2.234; P=0.005, 95%CI:1.203-2.900, respectively). Compared with the controls, the allele A and genotype CA+AA of rs699947 were less frequent in patients with ileal lesions including ileal CD and ileocolonic CD (P=0.033, 95%CI:0.524-0.974;P=0.043, 95%CI:0.481-0.989, respectively). The frequency of TT homozygote of rs3025039 was lower in patients with non-stricturing and non-penetrating CD compared with the controls (P=0.036, 95%CI:0.016-0.870).

CONCLUSIONPolymorphisms of the VEGF gene rs699947 locus may contribute to an increased risk for colonic CD, but may play a protective role in patients with ileal lesion. Individuals carrying the TT genotype for VEGF rs3025039 locus may be less susceptible to non-stricturing and non-penetrating CD.

Objective To explore the relationship of Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) polymorphisms and haplotypes in Han population in Wenzhou city, China. Methods A total of 310 CD patients and 573 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AhR(rs10249788,rs2158041,rs2066853) were determined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique. Unconditional logistic regression analyses was applied to analyze the allelic and genotypic differences of each SNP between CD patients and controls, as well as their influence on the clinicopathologic characteristics in CD patients. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects. Results Compared with the controls, the variant allele (T) and genotype (CT+TT) of (rs2158041) were evidently decreased among CD patients (19.52% vs. 25.04%, P=0.009; 34.19% vs. 44.68%, P=0.003). According to"the Montreal Classification Standards", CD patients were divided into different subgroups. The variant allele(T)and genotype(CT+TT)of(rs2158041)were significantly lower in patients with terminal ileum CD than in controls (16.79% vs. 25.04%, P=0.005; 28.24% vs. 44.68%, P=0.001). Similar conclusions were also drawn in patients with constricting disease when compared with the controls(15.20%vs.25.04%,P=0.003;28.43% vs.44.68%,P=0.003).The three SNPs above were shown to be in a linkage disequilibrium.Compared with the controls respectively,the frequency of haplotype(CCG)was increased in CD patients (44.73% vs. 39.60%, P=0.039), whereas that of haplotype (CTG) was decreased (18.02% vs. 22.78%, P=0.047). Conclusions AhR (rs2158041) variation might influence the risk as well as the location and behavior of CD. The haplotype (CCG) possibly increase the risk of CD development, whereas haplotype(CTG)might decrease it.

Objective To analyze the association of Crohn's disease(CD)with vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene polymorphisms. Methods After collecting 326 CD patients and 464 healthy controls,the four single nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR (FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI) were examined by a SNaPshot technique. Results Compared with those in controls,the frequencies of mutant allele(A)and genotype(GA+AA)of BsmI were significantly decreased in CD patients(both P=0.001). The similar conclusions were also drawn for the mutant allele(C)and genotype(TC+CC)of TaqI(both P<0.05). In further stratified analysis,compared with those in controls,the mutant alleles and genotypes of BsmI and TaqI were significantly reduced in stenotic type CD patients (all P<0.0083). The analyses of linkage disequilibrium(LD)and haplotype showed that BsmI,ApaI and TaqI were in a strong LD,and the formed haplotype AAC was significantly lower in CD patients than that in controls (P <0.05). Conclusions VDR(BsmI and TaqI)polymorphisms are significantly related with the reduced susceptibility to CD,especially for patients with stenotic CD. Moreover,the haplotype AAC might engender a reduced risk of CD.

Objective To explore the relation between genetic polymorphisms and the expression in colonic tissues of solute-linked carrier family 26 member A3 (SLC26A3) and susceptibility of Crohn's disease (CD) in Han population of Zhejiang Province.Methods A total of 265 CD patients and 566 gender-and age-matched healthy individuals were enrolled.Alleles and genotypes of SLC26A3 (rs17154444,rs7810937,rs7785539,rs2108225,rs6951457) were examined by SNaPshot.The linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also analyzed.Eight patients with colonic CD and eight genderand age-matched patients with benign colonic polyps (control group) were selected.The expression level of SLC26A3 protein in the colonic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.T test and rank-sum test were performed for statistical analysis.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the distributions of SLC26A3 polymorphisms and their effects on the clinicopathological features of CD patients.Results The frequencies of mutant allele of rs2108225,rs7785539 and rs6951457 of the CD group were 53.77％ (285/530),4.72％ (25/530) and 2.83％ (15/530),and the frequencies of mutant genotype were 76.23 ％ (202/265),9.43 ％ (25/265) and 5.66 ％ (15/265),which were lower than those of the control group (60.95％,690/1 132;8.13％,92/1 132;6.10％,69/1 132;83.92％,475/566;15.37％,87/566 and 11.84％,67/566),and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The frequencies of mutant allele of rs17154444 and rs7810937 of the CD group were 10.19％ (54/530) and 34.91 ％ (185/530),and the frequencies of mutant genotype were 18.49 ％ (49/265) and 56.23 ％ (149/ 265),compared with those of the control group (8.30％,94/1 132;30.92％,350/1 132;15.55％,88/566 and 51.77％,293/566),the differences were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05).The frequency of mutant allele G of rs2108225 in patients with ileal CD was 47.89 ％ (91/190),and the frequency of mutant genotypeAG+GG was 65.26％(62/95),which were both lower than those of colonic CD (61.62％,122/198 and 85.86％,85/99),and the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.012 5).rs7810937,rs7785539 and rs2108225 were in a strong linkage disequilibrium.The frequencies of haplotypes AGG and ACA of the CD group were 53.96％ (286/530) and 4.34％ (23/530),which were lower than those of the control group (60.07％,680/1 132 and 7.51％,85/1 132),and the differences were statistically significant (52 =5.534,P=0.019;x2 =5.967,P=0.015).And the frequency of haplotype AGA of the CD group was 8.30％ (44/530),which was higher than that of the control group (1.15％,13/1 132),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.793,P＜0.01).Furthermore,the expression level of SLC26A3 protein in colonic tissues of eight colonic CD patients was 0.19±0.07,which was lower than that of patients with benign colonic polyps (0.26 ±-0.03),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.55,P=0.023).In addition,the expression levels of SLC26A3 protein in patients carrying genotype GG or AG of rs2108225 were 0.19±0.03 and 0.10±0.01,respectively,which were lower than that of patients carrying genotype AA (0.26± 0.02),and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.19,P=0.033;t=9.06,P=0.003).Conclusions The genetic polymorphismns and their haplotypes of SLC26A3 (rs7785539,rs2108225 and rs6951457) are associated with the susceptibility of CD,and SLC26A3 (rs2108225) polymorphism may affect the expression level of SLC26A3 protein in the colonic tissues.

Objective To compare the efficacy of Shaaban and low molecular weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after knee replacement. Methods January 2011 to 2013 year in January in our hospital 120 cases of knee joint replacement patients as the research object, divided into observation group and control group, the observation group were treated by oral anticoagulant treatment of Lee Shaaban, the control group by subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin treatment than patients were compared between the two groups after deep vein thrombosis the incidence of 14d after treatment, adverse reactions and blood coagulation indexes in patients with drug. Results The observation group of patients with deep vein thrombosis rate was 1.67%, significantly lower than the control group 13.34%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); no statistical significance in two groups of patients after the treatment of 14d PLT, APTT and PT level difference; the observation group of patients with drug adverse reaction incidence rate was 5%. The 13.34% was significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with low molecular weight heparin, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is lower, the adverse reactions are less, and the curative effect is more obvious after applying Shaaban's knee replacement.

Objective To explore the association of Crohn's disease (CD) with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) gene polymorphisms in patients of Zhejiang Han population in China.Methods A total of 308 CD patients and 573 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were examined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique (iMLDR).Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were also performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects.Results In general,the allele and genotype frequencies of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were not statistically different between CD patients and the controls (all P ＞0.05).According to the Montreal Classification,CD patients were divided into different subgroups.The variant allele (C) and genotype (AC + CC) of rs1036199 were more frequent in CD patients with penetrating diseases than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.7％,P =0.002;20.8％ vs 3.5％,P =0.023).Similar conclusions were also drawn for the variant allele (A) and genotype (CA + AA) of rs10515746 in patients with penetrating diseases when compared with the controls (10.4％ vs 2.2％,P =0.000;20.8％ vs 4.2％,P =0.033,respectively).The two SNPs of Tim-3 were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D'=1.0,r2 =0.928).The haplotype (AC) formed by their wild-type alleles (A) and (C) was decreased in patients with penetrating CD compared with the controls (89.6％ vs 98.3％,P =0.000).However,the haplotype (CA) formed by their variant alleles was more frequent in patients with penetrating CD than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.6％,P =0.000).Conclusions Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) variations might be correlated with the enhanced risk of penetrating diseases in CD patients.Furthermore,the haplotype (AC) and (CA) formed by the two SNPs might be a protective and a risky factor for penetrating CD respectively.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-3 (Tim-3) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Han nationality of Zhejiang.Methods A total of 391 UC patients and 573 healthy controls were recruited.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SPNs) of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were examined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the differences in the distribution of Tim-3 gene polymorphisms and its influence on the location and severity.Haploview 4.2 software was used to analyze linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype.Results The frequencies of genotype CA+AA and mutant allele A of rs10515746 in UC were lower than those in healthy controls (1.79％,7/391 vs 4.19％,24/573;0.90％,7/782 vs 2.18％,25/1 146;x2=4.295 and 4.712,P=0.038 and 0.030).However,there was no significant differences in frequencies of genotype CA+ CC and mutant allele C of gene rs1036199 between UC patients and the healthy controls (1.79％,7/891 vs 8.49％,20/578;0.90％,7/782 vs 1.74％,20/1 146;both P＞0.05).The frequencies of genotype CA+AA and mutant allele A of rs10515746 in mild and moderate UC patients were both higher than those in severe UC patients (2.87 ％,7/244 vs 0;1.43 ％,7/488 vs 0),and the differences were statistically significant (Fisher's exact test,P=0.049 and 0.048).The analysis for LD indicated that rs1036199andrs10515746 were closeLD (D'=0.92,r2=0.72).Furthermore,the frequency of haplotype CA formed by the mutant alleles C and A of these two SNPs was lower in UC patients than that in healthy controls (0.64％,5/782 vs 1.74％,20/1 146),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.441,P=0.035).Conclusions Tim-3 (rs10515746) gene mutation may not only decrease the incidence,but also reduce the severity of UC.Moreover,the haplotype CA formed by the mutant alleles of rs1036199 and rs10515746 may also reduce the incidence of UC.

As a global disease,hepatitis B still threatens human health.However,the pathogenesis of hepatitis caused by HBV remains unclear.The innate immune system in the liver can detect HBV infection and use every strategy to eliminate the virus.DNA recognition receptors play an important role in this process;they recognize tlBV DNA or pgRNA in cytoplasm or nucleus,activate innate immunity through various signaling pathways to produce inflammatory cytokines and interferon,and finally exert their antiviral effect.This article summarizes the DNA recognition receptors involved in inflammation induced by HBV and HBV clearance,elaborates on their detailed pathways,and discusses the issues regarding the role of DNA recognition receptors in liver innate immunity induced by HBV and related perspectives.