Bacillus is a class of spore-producing Gram-positive bacteria that produce a variety of antimicrobial substances with different structures and functions. The application of the antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus can effectively inhibit the activity of harmful bacteria and fungi and promote the sustainable development of green agriculture. The antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus mainly include proteins, lipopeptides, polyketones, and polypeptides. This paper reviews the synthesis gene clusters, synthesis pathways, structures, and mechanisms of various antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus and discusses the challenges in the industrial application of these antimicrobial substances. Furthermore, this paper clarifies the future research and development focuses and prospects the application prospects, and provides comprehensive theoretical support for the in-depth research and wide application of the antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus.
Bacillus/genetics* ; Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Antimicrobial Peptides/biosynthesis* ; Lipopeptides/biosynthesis*

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic etiology of two Chinese patients with Cowden syndrome (CS). METHODS: Two patients diagnosed with multiple gastrointestinal polyps by gastroenteroscopy at Henan Provincial People's Hospital in September and November 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the patients were collected. Whole exome sequence (WES) was carried out. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No.: 2018-03-01). RESULTS: The patients were diagnosed with multiple gastrointestinal polyps in addition with polypoid changes of the gallbladder. Genetic testing revealed that patient 1 has harbored a heterozygous c.738dupG (p.Leu247Valfs*6) variant of the PTEN gene, which was unreported previously. Patient 2 has harbored a heterozygous c.469G>T (p.Glu157Ter) variant of the PTEN gene, which was known to be pathogenic. None of their family members was found to harbor the above variants. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, both variants were rated as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4). Bioinformatic analysis suggested that both variants can significantly affect the tertiary structure of the PTEN protein. CONCLUSION The heterozygous variants of the PTEN gene probably underlay the CS in both patients. Discovery of the novel variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the PTEN gene.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; China ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/chemistry* ; East Asian People/genetics*

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

The preparation edge of the tooth in oral restoration has always been the hot concern for dentists,and the improper preparation edge may lead to such diseases as caries and periodontitis,and ultimately lead to the restoration failure.The application of biologically oriented preparation technique has been proven to restore good periodontal soft and hard tissue morphology,which is expected to replace the traditional dental preparation methods.This article aims to comprehensively discuss the application of biologically oriented preparation technique in veneers,full crown and implantation.

From the perspective of human development history， epidemic diseases have been accompanied by human life and reproduction， causing serious threats to human health and life safety. Epidemic diseases have a rapid onset and are highly infectious， once they occur， can quickly spread to the people around them， causing many people to be infected in a short time. Pulmonary system epidemic disease is the kind of disease with the highest incidence， prevalence， and infectivity among epidemic diseases， which will also have an impact on the economic and social development and even the historical process. Overview of ancient Chinese literature， the wisdom of ancient doctors has certain reference value for possible related work today or in the future. Starting from sorting out the classical theories recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine， this paper dug deeply into them and re⁃understood them， with a view to providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment， and public health services.

Objective:To compare and analyze the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and non deep infiltrating endometriosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 178 patients with endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2016 to January 2018. Among them, 95 patients with DIE were treated as the observation group, and 83 patients with non deep infiltration were treated as the control group. Both groups were followed up for at least 5 years after surgery. Perform statistical analysis on the general clinical data, intraoperative and postoperative follow-up data of the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly older age [(33.8±5.5)years vs (32.0±5.2)years], moderate to severe dysmenorrhea [72.6%(69/95) vs 55.4%(46/83)], chronic pelvic pain [24.2%(23/95) vs 8.4%(7/83)], higher proportion of elevated blood carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) [80.0%(76/95) vs 65.1%(54/83)], and higher Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [(5.4±1.2)points vs (4.3±0.9)points]; At the same time, the surgery time was longer [(75.1±20.1)min vs (56.0±18.9)min], the patient′s intraoperative bleeding was also greater [(79.2±23.0)ml vs (57.8±16.3)min], bilateral cysts [54.7%(52/95) vs 34.9%(29/83)], severe pelvic adhesions [90.5%(86/95) vs 53.0%(44/83)], and the proportion of concurrent adenomyosis [41.1%(39/95) vs 22.9%(19/83)] was higher, with higher Revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) scores [(61.8±22.1) vs (39.4±19.1)]. The proportion of rAFS stage Ⅳ [71.6%(68/95) vs 43.4%(36/83)] was higher, and the proportion of postoperative medication was higher [98.9%(94/95) vs 92.8%(7/83)]. The above indicators showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate [21.1%(20/95) vs 15.7%(13/83)] and live birth rate [100%(35/35) vs 92.1%(35/38)] between the observation group and the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared to non DIE patients, DIE patients have more severe pain symptoms and pelvic adhesions, higher rAFS scores, and a higher proportion of stage Ⅳ. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative recurrence rate, and there was no significant impact on fertility outcomes.

Platinum-based chemotherapy resistance is a key factor of poor prognosis and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, RNAseq analysis revealed that elevated tubulin folding cofactor E (TBCE) expression is associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. High expression of TBCE contributes to worse prognoses and earlier recurrence among liver cancer patients. Mechanistically, TBCE silencing significantly affects cytoskeleton rearrangement, which in turn increases cisplatin-induced cycle arrest and apoptosis. To develop these findings into potential therapeutic drugs, endosomal pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to simultaneously encapsulate TBCE siRNA and cisplatin (DDP) to reverse this phenomena. NPs (siTBCE + DDP) concurrently silenced TBCE expression, increased cell sensitivity to platinum treatment, and subsequently resulted in superior anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Taken together, NP-mediated delivery and the co-treatment of siTBCE + DDP proved to be effective in reversing chemotherapy resistance of DDP in multiple tumor models.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and long-term prognosis of ovarian endometrioma (OMA) with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 178 OMA patients admitted to the Northern Theater General Hospital from January 2014 to January 2017. All patients received laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal. There were 83 patients with OMA (control group) and 95 patients with OMA combined with DIE (observation group) diagnosed by postoperative pathology.The general clinical data of patients were collected, including age, number of pregnancies, body mass index (BMI), duration and severity of dysmenorrhea, levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), type of infertility, and other pain symptoms.The surgical related indicators of patients were collected, including the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, cyst diameter and location, whether combined with adenomyosis, severe pelvic adhesion, and the grading and staging of the American Fertility Society's revised staging standard for Endometriosis (rAFS). The postoperative follow-up indicators of patients were collected, including postoperative medication, medication regimen, medication time, pregnancy outcome, recurrence status, and type of recurrence (pain recurrence, cyst recurrence). The measurement data was represented by xˉ± s, and independent sample t-test was used for inter group comparison.The counting data was represented by example(%), and χ 2 test was used for inter group comparison. Results:The age, VAS score, moderate and severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and CA125 elevation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(33.8±5.5) years vs (32.0±5.2) years, (5.4±1.2) points vs (4.3±0.9) points, 72.6% (69/95) vs 55.4% (46/83),24.2%(23/95) vs 8.4%(7/83), 80.0% (76/95) vs 65.1% (54/83)], the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=2.23、 P=0.031, t=6.83、 P<0.001, χ 2=5.74、 P=0.017, χ 2=7.87、 P=0.005, χ 2=5.02、 P=0.025). The operation time in the observation group was longer than that in the control group [(75.1±20.1) min vs (56.0±18.9) min], the intraoperative bleeding was more than that in the control group [(79.2±23.0) mL vs (57.8±16.3) mL], and the proportion of bilateral cysts, severe pelvic adhesion, combined adenomyosis and r-AFS stage Ⅳ and rAFS score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [54.7%(52/95) vs 34.9%(29/83),90.5% (86/95) vs 53.0% (44/83), 41.1% (39/95) vs 22.9% (19/83), 71.6% (68/95) vs 43.4 (36/83), (61.8±22.1) points vs (39.4±19.1) points], the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=6.50、 P<0.001, t=7.06、 P<0.001, χ 2=8.27、 P=0.016, χ 2=31.65、 P<0.001, χ 2=6.65、 P=0.010, χ 2=14.69、 P=0.002, t=7.18、 P<0.001). The proportion of postoperative medication in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [98.9% (94/95) vs 92.8% (77/83)], the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=4.47、 P=0.034). In the observation group 35 cases of postoperative pregnancy were all alive (100.0%), and in the control group 38 cases of postoperative pregnancy 35 cases were alive (92.1%), there were 3 cases of spontaneous abortion.There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups (χ 2=2.88, P=0.090). Conclusions:The OMA with DIE patients have more severe pain symptoms than those without DIE, severe pelvic adhesion is more during operation, r-AFS score is higher and more in stage Ⅳ, but there are no significant differences in the total recurrence rate and fertility outcome after operation