Objective To investigate the epidemiological trends,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lanping County.Methods Based on tuberculosis management data and basic information systems from the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,"pulmonary tuberculosis data from Lanping County for 2018-2023 were obtained.Descriptive epidemiology,concentration method,circular distribution method,and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to conduct epidemiological and spatial analyses of the pulmonary tuberculosis data.Results A total of 2836 TB cases were reported in Lanping County from 2018 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 233.26 per 100000,showing a declining trend.The male-to-female ratio was 1.95∶1,with the highest incidence among individuals aged 60 and above(932 cases,32.86%).Cases were predominantly among farmers(91.01%)and the Lisu ethnic group(52.68%).TB incidence showed weak seasonality with a bimodal distribution,with primary peak occurring from October to March and secondary peak from June to August.Tu'e Township(324.74 per 100,000),Shideng Township(307.42 per 100000),and Jinding Town(260.98 per 100,000)had the highest incidence rates,accounting for 1,284 cases or 45.28%of the county's total cases.In 2020,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lanping County showed a spatial clustering distribution(global Morans's I value<0,P value<0.05),with Shideng Township consistently showing high-low aggregation characteristics.Conclusion Between 2018-2023,while the tuberculosis incidence rate in Lanping County has declined,it still falls short of Yunnan Province's tuberculosis prevention and control targets,and the prevention and control work continues to face significant challenges.Strengthening screening of high-risk populations and providing medical support to remote areas will be key measures for future prevention and treatment.

Background At present, radiation therapy is widely used in clinical treatment of tumors. However, while radiation therapy damages tumor cells, it also injures surrounding normal tissues. Studies have shown that hydrogen is a potential radiation-protective agent. Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cysteinyl aspartate specificproteinase-9 (Caspase-9) signaling pathway in acute radiation-induced brain injury. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, irradiation only group (IR), high-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HHRW), and low-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+LHRW), 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, animals in each group received a single 20 Gy whole brain irradiation. Animals in all groups were gavaged once a day from 3 d before irradiation to 7 d after irradiation, pure water (20 mL·kg⁻¹) was given to the control and the IR groups, and hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg⁻¹, 10 mL·kg⁻¹) was given to the IR+HHRW and the IR+LHRW groups. After 7 d of intervention, 5 rats in each group were selected for the Morris water maze experiment for behavioral evaluation. Autopsies were conducted after anesthesia for the remaining animals and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Rat brains were harvested for TUNEL staining to observe neuronal apoptosis. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect oxidative stress-related indicators, and real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway-related genes and proteins. Results The body weight of rats receiving irradiation decreased after 7 d of irradiation compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the symptoms such as arched back and malaise occurred to varying degrees, and the symptoms of rats in the IR+HHRW group were significantly milder than those in the IR group. The behavioral test results showed that the escape latency of rats in the IR+HHRW group or the IR+LHRW group was shorter than that in the IR group from day 2 to day 5 (P<0.05), and it took less time for rats in the IR+HHRW group to reach the original position after removing the platform on day 6 (P<0.05). The hematological test results showed that red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) level, and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly decreased in the IR group (P<0.05), and the changes in the IR+HHRW group were improved (P<0.05). The HE staining results showed that the number of abnormal nerve cells, broken and dissolved nuclei, and the degree of damage in the IR+HHRW group were significantly reduced than those in the IR group. The results of oxidative stress evaluation showed that the ability of the IR group to inhibit free radicals decreased, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased (P<0.01); the MDA level decreased after LHRW intervention (P<0.05); the SOD activity was elevated after HHRW intervention (P<0.05). The TUNEL staining results showed that the apoptosis signals in the IR+HHRW group were sparser than those in the IR group (P<0.05). The real-time PCR results showed that compared with the IR group, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT in the IR+HHRW group and the IR+LHRW group increased (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of Cytc and Caspase-9 decreased (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with the IR group, the phospho-AKT (pAKT) protein expression level in the IR+HHRW group increased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of Caspase-9 and Cytc proteins decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can significantly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by acute irradiation-induced brain injury, and decrease neuronal apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 signaling pathway.

Background In the process of radiotherapy, when radiation kills tumor cells, it inevitably damages normal tissue cells. Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor−kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the improvement of cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation by hydrogen-rich water before and after whole brain irradiation in rats. Methods Fifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, irradiated group (IR group), and hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HRW group), with 5 rats in each group. The control group was not irradiated, but was given purified water (20 mL·kg⁻¹) by gavage every day, while the IR group and the IR+HRW group were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. Three days before, 10 min before, and 30 days after irradiation, purified water/hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg⁻¹) was given by continuous gavage every day. The general condition of the rats was observed every day, and the body weight were measured on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days after irradiation. On the 30th day after irradiation, the learning and memory ability of the rats was tested by Morris water maze; the pathological changes of hippocampus were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after sacrificing the rats; the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and hydroxyl radicals in brain tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in the hippocampus of rats. Results After irradiation, the rats in the IR group showed symptoms such as head hair removal and salivation, while the symptoms of the rats in the IR+HRW group were milder. No animal died in the control and the IR+HRW groups, while one rat died in the IR group. From day 14 to day 30 after irradiation, the body weight of the rats in the IR+HRW group tended to be higher than that in the IR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The Morris water maze results showed that the escape latency of the IR+HRW group was shortened compared with that of IR group from day 1 to day 5 except day 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). For the rats in the IR+HRW group, it took less time to reach the original location of the platform after removing the platform on day 6 and the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the original platform quadrant increased (P<0.05). The HE staining showed that the number of hippocampal cells in the IR+HRW group was slightly reduced and arranged neatly, without obvious nuclear hyperchromatic and pyknotic phenomenon. The ELISA results showed that the MDA and hydroxyl radical levels were decreased in the IR+HRW group compared with the IR group (P<0.05), the GSH content was increased, and the IL-1β concentration was decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 protein in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 protein were also decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water can improve cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation in rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and attenuating oxidative stress.

The present study aims to explore the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Chrysanthemum×morifolium (hereinafter, C.×morifolium) at the molecular level and to establish a fingerprint database of C.×morifolium varieties. We employed 12 pairs of primers with high levels of polymorphism, clear bands, and high degrees of reproducibility to analyze the SSR molecular markers and genetic diversity of 91 C.×morifolium materials and 14 chrysanthemum- related materials. With regard to constructing the fingerprints of the tested materials, we chose 9 pairs of core primers. The findings revealed that 12 primer pairs detected 104 alleles in 105 samples, ranging from 2 to 26. The average number of observed alleles (N_a) per site was 9.25. The average number of effective alleles (N_e) per site was 2.745 6, with its range being 1.276 0 to 4.742 5. Shannon genetic diversity index (I) values ranged between 0.513 3 and 2.239 9 (M=1.209 0). Nei's gene diversity index (H) ranged between 0.216 3 and 0.789 1 (M=0.578 0). The observed heterozygosity (H_o) ranged between 0.223 3 and 0.895 2 (M=0.557 5). The expected heterozygosity (H_e) ranged between 0.217 4 and 0.793 3 (M=0.580 8). The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged between 0.211 5 and 0.774 0 (M=0.532 9). The genetic similarity (GS) ranged between 0.228 5 and 1.000 0 (M=0.608 3). Cluster analysis revealed that when the genetic distance (GD) equals to 0.30, the tested materials can be classified into 2 groups. When the GD equals to 0.27, the first group can be divided into 6 subgroups; accordingly, 105 tested materials can be divided into 7 subgroups. The cophenetic correlation test was carried out based on the cluster analysis, and the corresponding results showed that the cluster map correlated with the genetic similarity coefficient (r=0.952 73). According to the results of Structure population analysis, we obtained the optimal population number, with the true number of populations (K) being 3 and the population being divided concerning Q≥0.5. Three subgroups, i.e., Q1, Q2 and Q3, included 34, 33 and 28 germplasms, respectively, and the remaining 10 germplasms were identified as the mixed population. During the experiment, 9 pairs of core primers were screened among the total of 12 for a complete differentiation regarding 105 tested materials, and the fingerprints of 91 C.×morifolium materials and 14 chrysanthemum-related materials were further constructed. Overall, there were significant genetic differences and rich genetic diversity among C.×morifolium materials, which would shed light on the garden application and variety selection fields of C.×morifolium. The fingerprint database of 105 C.×morifolium varieties and chrysanthemum-related species may provide technical support for future research regarding the identification and screening system of C.×morifolium varieties.
Genetic Variation ; Chrysanthemum/genetics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Biomarkers ; Phylogeny

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major diseases that harmful to healthy elderly, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the early clinical stage of AD. There is a lag in the clinical diagnosis of both diseases. An objective and reliable auxiliary diagnostic method is urgently needed to provide early diagnosis and differential indicators for AD and MCI, to predict the probability of individuals suffering from AD and MCI transforming into AD, and to reduce the overall incidence of AD and reduce the huge medical and economic burden for the country and society. Event-related potential is widely used in AD and MCI, and the resolution at the millisecond level can truly reflect the time course of cognitive processing and the degree of impairment of cognitive function in patients. In this study, we investigated the differences in the amplitude and latency of ERP components in healthy elderly, MCI and AD patients, and the correlation between ERP components and cognitive impairment. Early N170 and P200 showed high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating MCI from healthy elderly or MCI from AD. The late perception-related ERPs also showed high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating healthy elderly from MCI/AD. The differences in ERPs between MCI and AD may be related to the etiology, the degree of disease progression and the site of brain damage. The specific brain mechanism still need to be further explored and will be the focus of future research. With the progress of the research, the relationship between the specific ERP manifestations and the mechanism of brain injury as well as the impairment of cognitive function will be more clear. It is believed that the application of ERP in clinical will bring more benefits to AD and its early clinical MCI.

Objective: This study explored the relationships among psychological stress, achievement motivation and psychological capital in college students to provide a reference for improving the level of psychological capital in college students. Methods: A multi stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 9 940 college students from ten universities in Anhui Province. The achievement motivation scale (AMS), psychological stress scale (SRQ-20) and psychological capital scale (PPQ) were applied. The moderating effect of the questionnaire was analyzed with χ 2 tests, Spearman rank correlation and stratified regression. Results: Statistical differences were found in psychological stress according to major, whether students leader, family economic status and whether students had left behind experience ( χ 2=15.50, 10.25, 28.61, 25.55, P <0.05). The rank correlation results indicated that psychological stress was negatively correlated with the pursuit of success ( r =-0.27) and four dimensions of self efficacy,optimism,hope and resilence in psychological capital ( r =-0.43, -0.41,-0.36,-0.45)( P <0.05), and was positively correlated with the avoidance of failure ( r =0.25, P <0.05). The stratified regression model indicated that psychological stress in the dimensions of college students achievement motivation (pursuit of success: β =0.02, Δ R 2=0.01, P <0.01; failure avoidance: β = 0.03 , Δ R 2=0.01, P <0.01) played a moderating role in the relationship between psychological capital and psychological capital. Conclusion Being female, senior students, low household economic status, and left behind experience are associated with more psychological stress among college students. Psychological stress is correlated with achievement motivation and psychological capital, and has a moderating effect on the relationship between achievement motivation and psychological capital.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and experiences of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for segment Ⅶ and Ⅷ liver tumors.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 94 patients who underwent LH for segment lⅦ or Ⅷ liver tumors in the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2010 to August 2016 were collected.The operating space for operation was built under laparoscopy.According to liver cirrhosis grading,tumor size,adjacent relationship with major blood vessels and residual liver volume,non-anatomical and anatomical hepatectomies were selected by patients.During the operation,tumors were precisely pinpointed and plane of liver resection was determined,and then proper instruments of liver partition and techniques of hepatic inflow occlusion were selected.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative recovery situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situation.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the patients' survival up to July 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (interquartile range).Survival rate was caculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative recovery situations:all 94 patients received successful operations,without perioperative death,including 73undergoing non-anatomical hepatectomy and 21 undergoing anatomical hepatectomy.Fourteen patients had conversion to open surgery and 27 received hepatic inflow occlusion.The median operation time,median volume of intraoperative blood loss and cases with intraoperative blood transfusion were respectively 187.5 minutes (75.0minutes),200 mL (200 mL) and 15.Eighteen patients had postoperative complications,including 6 with pleural effusion,6 with abdominal effusion,1 with wound infection,1 with abdominal infection,1 with venous thrombosis,1 with bleeding,1 with coagulation disorders and 1 with hepatic insufficiency.Clavien-Dindo classification of complications:11,1,5 and 1 patients were detected in grade Ⅰ,lⅡ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively.All complications were improved by symptomatic treatment.The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days (6 days).(2) Postoperative pathological examination:results of tumor pathological examination showed that 45,5,9 and 35 patients were respectively confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,metastatic hepatic carcinoma and benign liver tumor.(3) Follow-up and survival situation:59 patients with malignant tumors were followed up for 6.0-52.0 months,with a median time of 42.6 months.Postoperative 1-and 3-year overall survival rates of 59 patients with malignant tumors were 98.3％ and 84.7％,respectively.Conclusions LH for segment Ⅶ and Ⅷ liver tumors which is conducted in experienced medical center is safe and feasible,with definite effects.Building operating space for operation under laparoscopy,determining precise positioning of the tumor and plane of liver resection,and selecting proper instruments of liver partition and techniques of hepatic inflow occlusion are the key points of successful operation.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in 2012 and 2014,and to explore the preventive effect of the second dose of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) in mumps in Shandong province.Methods On the basis of certain model assumptions,a Space State model was formulated.Iterated Filter was applied to the epidemic model to estimate the parameters.Results The basic reproduction number (R0) for children in schools was 4.49 (95％ CI:4.30-4.67)and 2.50 (95％CI:2.38-2.61) respectively for the year of 2012 and 2014.Conclusions Space State model seems suitable for mumps prevalence description.The policy of 2-dose MuCV can effectively reduce the number of total patients.Children in schools are the key to reduce the mumps.