Objective: To apply network analysis for exploring the relationship of maltreatment experiences and peer relationships with school bullying among middle school students, so as to provide empirical evidences for the development of targeted intervention programs. Methods: From March to April 2024, a total of 2 119 middle school students aged 12-18 in Shantou City were selected through stratified cluster random sampling. Self administered questionnaire was used to collect data on bullying experiences, maltreatment, and peer relationships. The Glasso network model was employed to estimate network structure. Results: The strongest edge in the network of maltreatment experiences, peer relationships and school bullying was the connecting line connecting peer acceptance and peer terrorized low self esteem (edge weight=0.59) among middle school students. The network faked fraudulent victimization was the most central node in the whole network (strength=7.98). The bridge symptoms of the network were sexual abuse, property bullying of others, relational bullying victimization, and verbal bullying of others, with the strongest bridge node being sexual abuse (bridge strength=1.07). In the accuracy estimation of centrality indices, closeness centrality demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by strength and betweenness, with coefficient of stability of 0.60, 0.44 and 0.21, respectively. The stability of the network was good. Conclusion Peer acceptance has the strongest correlation with peer fear and inferiority, and is closely related to emotional abuse and emotional neglect.

Objective To construct a model that can predict the risk of diagnosing ABO-blood group sys-tem hemolytic disease of the newborn(ABO-HDN)and to verify its effectiveness.Methods A total of 446 children with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia who met the inclusion criteria and were first diagnosed in this hos-pital from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the modeling group,and were divided into the develo-ping group(200 cases)and the non-developing group(246 cases)according to whether ABO-HDN was diag-nosed.Totally 17 potential influencing factors were included for univariate analysis and multi-factor analysis,and independent risk factors were included in R software to establish a Nomogram model to predict the risk of ABO-HDN.Another 105 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the hospital from April to September 2023 were selected as the verification group.Results In the modeling group,Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pregnancy number,prenatal serum titer,hemoglobin level,white blood cell count,creatine ki-nase level and neonatal Apgar 1 min score were all independent risk factors for ABO-HDN(P＜0.05).Multi-variate Logistic regression analysis showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the modeling group was 0.819(95％CI:0.779-0.859),sensitivity was 0.655,specificity was 0.878.In the verification group,the area under ROC curve was 0.867(95％CI:0.800-0.933),the sensitivity was 0.803,and the specificity was 0.773.Conclusion The established predictive model scoring system can effec-tively predict the risk of ABO-HDN.

Objective To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B(SalB)on regulating the interaction between trophoblast cells and macrophages via the receptor related orphan receptor alpha(RORA)/sentrin specific peptidase 1(SENP1)pathway,and to explore its underlying mechanism in recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).Methods HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with SalB,oe-RORA,and oe-SENP1 transfection vectors.A Transwell co-culture system was used to facilitate communication be-tween HTR-8/SVneo cells and M1 macrophages.CCK-8 assay was performed to assess HTR-8/SVneo cell prolifera-tion.Transwell assay was used to detect the invasive capacity of HTR-8/SVneo cells.TUNEL staining was applied to evaluate apoptosis,qRT-PCR was employed to quantify the levels of polarization markers CD86 and CD163 in HTR-8/SVneo cells.Western blot was conducted to determine the expression of RORA and SENP1.An RSA mouse model was established to explore the in vivo effects of SalB on RSA.Results Compared with the control group,HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and in-vasion were promoted in a dose-dependent manner in SalB group,while apoptosis was inhibited.M1 macrophage co-culture in-creased the levels of M1 macrophage polarization markers in HTR-8/SVneo cells and suppressed cell growth,whereas SalB treatment significantly decreased CD86 levels,increased CD163 levels,and induced HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and inva-sion.SalB intervention notably inhibited RORA expression compared to the control group,while RORA overexpression signifi-cantly suppressed HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and invasion,and significantly promoted apoptosis rates.Compared to the HTR-8/SVneo+M1 group,RORA overexpression significantly inhibited SENP1 protein levels,while SENP1 overexpression reversed the effects of RORA on HTR-8/SVneo cells.In vivo experiments showed that SalB treatment significantly reduced embryo resorption and abortion rates in RSA mice.Conclusion SalB regulates the interaction between trophoblast cells and macrophages by inhibiting RORA and activating SENP1,thereby inhibiting RSA progression.

Objective To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B(SalB)on regulating the interaction between trophoblast cells and macrophages via the receptor related orphan receptor alpha(RORA)/sentrin specific peptidase 1(SENP1)pathway,and to explore its underlying mechanism in recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA).Methods HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with SalB,oe-RORA,and oe-SENP1 transfection vectors.A Transwell co-culture system was used to facilitate communication be-tween HTR-8/SVneo cells and M1 macrophages.CCK-8 assay was performed to assess HTR-8/SVneo cell prolifera-tion.Transwell assay was used to detect the invasive capacity of HTR-8/SVneo cells.TUNEL staining was applied to evaluate apoptosis,qRT-PCR was employed to quantify the levels of polarization markers CD86 and CD163 in HTR-8/SVneo cells.Western blot was conducted to determine the expression of RORA and SENP1.An RSA mouse model was established to explore the in vivo effects of SalB on RSA.Results Compared with the control group,HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and in-vasion were promoted in a dose-dependent manner in SalB group,while apoptosis was inhibited.M1 macrophage co-culture in-creased the levels of M1 macrophage polarization markers in HTR-8/SVneo cells and suppressed cell growth,whereas SalB treatment significantly decreased CD86 levels,increased CD163 levels,and induced HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and inva-sion.SalB intervention notably inhibited RORA expression compared to the control group,while RORA overexpression signifi-cantly suppressed HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and invasion,and significantly promoted apoptosis rates.Compared to the HTR-8/SVneo+M1 group,RORA overexpression significantly inhibited SENP1 protein levels,while SENP1 overexpression reversed the effects of RORA on HTR-8/SVneo cells.In vivo experiments showed that SalB treatment significantly reduced embryo resorption and abortion rates in RSA mice.Conclusion SalB regulates the interaction between trophoblast cells and macrophages by inhibiting RORA and activating SENP1,thereby inhibiting RSA progression.

Objective:To analyze the mutation types and distribution characteristics of thalassemia gene among high-risk populations in Sanya City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of blood routine screening, in order to provide scientific basis for formulating measures for prevention and control of thalassemia in Sanya City.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect detection results and clinical data from high-risk individuals who completed genetic screening for thalassemia at Sanya Materal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to August 2021. Mutation types and distribution characteristics of thalassemia gene were analyzed, and the missed detection rate and sensitivity of blood routine indicators [mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)] were evaluated based on the results of genetic screening for thalassemia.Results:A total of 5 760 high-risk individuals were included in the screening results of thalassemia genes, and 3 868 samples of thalassemia gene mutations were detected, with a detection rate of 67.15%. Among them, there were 2 979 samples with α-thalassemia genetic mutations, with a detection rate of 51.72%; including 2 966 common genotype samples (99.56%), the main genotype was αα/-α 3.7 (20.14%, 600/2 979); 13 rare genotype samples (0.44%), 4 cases of αα/-- THAI, 3 cases of α CD40(AAG>AA-)α/αα, 2 cases of α PPα/αα, and 1 case of Fusion gene/αα, Fusion gene/α WSα, α WSα/α PPα, and α CD40(AAG>AA-)α/α WSα each. There were 340 samples with β-thalassemia gene mutations, with a detection rate of 5.90%; including 336 common genotype samples (98.82%). The β CD41/42/β N genotype was dominant (57.65%, 196/340); 4 rare genotype samples (1.18%), β CD5(-CT)/β N, β IVS-Ⅱ-2(-T)/β N, β IVS-Ⅱ-761(-T)/β N and β Initiation(ATG>AGG)/β N 1 case each. There were 549 samples of αβ-compound type thalassemia, with a detection rate of 9.53%. The α missing recombination β CD41/42 genotype was dominant (61.02%, 335/549). There were a total of 4 226 samples that could be traced back to MCV and MCH. Among them, 3 007 samples were found to have mutations in thalassemia genes through screening, 2 584 cases were found to have abnormalities in the combination of MCV and MCH indicators, and 423 samples were missed in blood routine screening, with a missed detection rate of 14.07% (423/3 007). The missed samples were mainly α static type, accounting for 89.13% (377/423) of the total missed samples. The screening sensitivity of MCV combined with MCH for α-, β- and αβ-compound type thalassemia was 82.65%, 98.07% and 98.15%, respectively. Conclusion:The types of genetic mutations in thalassemia in Sanya City are complex and diverse, and there are certain omissions in the blood routine screening of MCV combined with MCH.

Objective:To investigate the effects of continuous substaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on islet β cell function in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.Methods:Forty-six newly diagnosed diabetic patients who received treatment in Taishan People's Hospital from July 2011 to June 2014 were included in this study. They were treated with CSII for 14 days and followed up for 5 years. Before and after treatment, fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-h postprandial insulin (2hINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, Homeostasis Model Assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) index were compared between before treatment and 5 years after treatment.Results:Five years after treatment, the levels of FPG, 2hPG, TG, HbA1c, MDA and HOMA-IR were lower than those before treatment [FPG: (11.3 ± 1.2) mmol/L vs. (5.9 ± 0.4) mmol/L, t = 15.35, P < 0.01; 2hPG: (18.1 ± 4.2) mmol/L vs. (8.1 ± 1.6) mmol/L, t = 16.83, P < 0.01; TG: (2.9 ± 1.1) mmol/L vs. (1.5 ± 0.6) mmol/L, t = 9.81, P < 0.01; HbA1c: (11.2 ± 2.5)% vs. (5.6 ± 1.0)%, t = 11.48, P < 0.01; MDA: (4.6 ± 1.2) μmol/L vs. (2.7 ± 0.9) μmmol/L, t = 16.37, P < 0.01; HOMA-IR: (2.81 ± 0.35) vs. (1.87 ± 0.32), t = 9.37, P < 0.01]. Five years after treatment, the levels of FINS, 2hINS, SOD and HOMA-β were significantly higher than those before treatment [FINS: (5.6 ± 1.3) mU/L vs. (7.4 ± 1.5) mU/L, t = - 6.15, P < 0.01; 2hINS: (15.8 ± 7.5) mU/L vs. (25.8 ± 9.1) mU/L, t = - 5.65, P < 0.01; SOD: (28.9 ± 7.6) U/L vs. (39.6 ± 7.8) U/L, t = - 7.93, P < 0.01; HOMA-β: (14.36 ± 3.82) vs. (65.67 ± 6.67), t = - 18.72, P < 0.01]. Linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-β was positively correlated with SOD level ( R2 = 0.319, P < 0.01). Five years after treatment, the final outcome was insulin therapy in 3 cases (6.5%), oral medication in 25 cases (54.4%), and lifestyle intervention in 18 cases (39.1%). Conclusion:CS II for the treatment of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus can effectively inhibit oxidative stress, improve the function of islet β cells, and exhibit long-term effects.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of methimazole combined with selenium therapy in the treatment of hyperthyroidism .Methods 130 cases with hyperthyroidism were selected , and according to the digital table they were randomly divided into methimazole plus selenium treatment group ( ATD +Se group ) and methimazole treatment group(ATD group),65 cases in each group.The patients were followed up for 3 months.The thyroid function index and thyroid antibody index were observed before and after treatment .The adverse reactions were observed,too.Results After treatment,the serum levels of FT3,FT4,TSH in the ATD +Se group were (3.32 ± 0.53)pg/mL,(1.02 ±0.17)ng/dL,(2.72 ±0.32)mIU/L,respectively,which in the ATD group were (4.82 ± 0.75)pg/mL,(2.41 ±0.32)ng/dL,(2.72 ±0.32)mIU/L,respectively.The change ranges of the ATD +Se group were better than those of the ATD group ,the differences were statistically significant (t=4.591,3.814,3.567,all P<0.05).The TPOAb,TGAb,TRAb in the ATD+Se group were (120.3 ±23.1) IU/mL,(123.3 ±26.5) IU/mL, (1.72 ±0.89)IU/mL,respectively,which in the ATD group were (132.8 ±21.1)IU/mL,(134.8 ±21.3)IU/mL, (3.68 ±1.06)IU/mL,respectively.The changes of the ATD+Se group were more significant than those of the ATD group,the differences were statistically significant (t=4.291,3.514,3.767,all P<0.05 ).The total effective rate of the ATD+Se group was higher than that of the ATD group (90.77％vs.76.92％χ2 =13.147,P<0.05 ).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the ATD +Se group was lower than that in the ATD group (12.31％vs.27.69％χ2 =18.685,P<0.05 ).Conclusion The results suggest that methimazole combined with selenium treatment is effective and safe for hyperthyroidism .

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a kind of immune mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system manifesting with optic neuritis and acute transverse myelitis,which takes a relapsing or progression course.The exact etiology and pathogenesis are not clear.There are a lot of researches on immune pathogenesis;in addition,the pathogenesis also involves genetic,environmental,oxidative stress and other factors.

Objective To observe the influence of epalrestat combined with insulin therapy on islet beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 45 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were randomly treated with 4 times of subcutaneous insulin therapy(RI group) or epalrestat plus 4 times of subcutaneous insulin therapy(RI + EP group).Patients were followed up for 3 months.The fasting blood-glucose (FPG),the 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),fasting insulin (FINS),the 2 hour postprandial blood insulin (2 h INS),glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 C),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin release index(HOMA-β) were observed at 3th month after the initiation of therapy.Results Follow-up evaluation of 22 cases in RI group,23 cases in group RI + EP were completed 3 months of treatment.After treatment,FPG,2 h PG,HbA1 C,MDA and HOMA-IR in the two groups were decreased than those before treatment,the serum FINS,2 h INS,SOD and HOMA-β were higher than those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).After treatment,FINS,2 h INS,SOD and HOMA-β of RI + EP group were higher than those in RI group,MDA was lower than that of RI group,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.228,2.536,3.021,2.343,2.122,all P ＜ 0.05).FPG,2 h PG,HbA1 C,HOMA-IR between the two groups had no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-β was positively correlated with SOD level (r =0.888,r2 =0.783,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The results suggest that epalrestat combined with insulin therapy can inhibit oxidative stress,and improve islet beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and its clinical effect is better than monotherapy with insulin.

To investigate whether there is mutation in DC-SIGN promoter region in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy persons previously infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to explore the relationship between the mutation in dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhension molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) promoter region and HBV.Methods The studied population was composed of two cohorts:47 CHB patients and 20 healthy persons previously infected with HBV.The mutation in DC-SIGN promoter region was detected with PCR,single-stranded conformational polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis,cloning,sequencing and aligning the published DC-SIGN promoter sequence.Results The characteristic mutation within DCSIGN promoter region in HBV infected individuals was observed.In the DC-SIGN promoter region,4 hot spot mutations located in positions - 139,- 142,- 222,and - 336 were observed in the CHB patients,but only 1 spot mutation located in position - 139 was observed in the healthy persons previously infected with HBV.The -336C which was absent in the healthy persons previously infected with HBV was shown in 11 CHB patients (23.40％).The - 139T was far more frequent in the healthy persons previously infected with HBV ( 100％ ) than in the CHB patients (34.04％).Conclusion In the DC-SIGN promoter region,-336C may be a genetic risk factor for developing CHB,but -139T may be associated with protection against HBV.