Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease posing a substantial public health threat.Immunological diagnosis and vaccine im-munization are both necessary to control tuberculosis prevalence.However,the identical antigenic components in diagnostic reagents and vaccines hinder the use of animal vaccines and limit the specificity of clinical diagnosis in humans.Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals can overcome these problems.This article reviews the progress in differential diagnosis research from three as-pects:the diagnostic effects of antigens,methods for discovering new antigens,and screening of new host immune markers,to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) combined with early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 85 patients with SAP complicated by AKI admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2022 to December 2023. These patients were randomized into an LMP group ( n=42) and a control group ( n=43) using a random number table. The control group received traditional EEN, while the LMP group received traditional EEN combined with LMP. Nutritional indicators [total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), and prealbumin (PA)], inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], renal function indicators [creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA)], AKI stage, and fecal intestinal flora were compared between these two groups before and 7 days after intervention. Results:After 7 days of intervention, the TP, Alb, and PA levels significantly increased in both groups (all P<0.05); the increases in TP and PA were more significant in the LMP group (both P<0.05), whereas the increase in Alb did not differ significantly between groups ( P>0.05). The levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α decreased significantly in both groups (all P<0.05),with more significant reductions in the LMP group (all P<0.001). The levels of Cr, eGFR, BUN, and UA improved significantly in both groups (all P<0.05),with more significant improvements in the LMP group (all P<0.05). The incidence of a higher AKI stage in the LMP group was significantly lower than that in the control group( P<0.05), and the incidence of a lower AKI stage was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.001). The fecal counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased significantly while the fecal counts of Enterococcus and Enterobacter decreased significantly in both group (all P<0.001); notably, these changes in bacterial counts were significantly more pronounced in the LMP group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:EEN combined with LMP can significantly enhance nutritional status, reduce inflammatory response, and improve renal function in patients with SAP complicated by AKI.

Objective:To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B( PPP1R1B) gene and schizophrenia in the Han population of northern Henan province. Methods:Utilizing Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 3 (PGC3) data, the SNPs of PPP1R1B gene which were significantly associated with schizophrenia were screened.Subsequently, totally 1 721 schizophrenia patients and 6 726 healthy controls from the Han population in northern Henan province were recruited for further analysis. The SNP rs907094, located within the PPP1R1B gene was validated, and the clinical symptoms of 386 schizophrenia patients were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Additionally, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) association analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the rs907094 polymorphism and PPP1R1B gene expression.The PLINK v1.9, Genetic Power Calculater, SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis. Results:Significant differences in genotype AA, AG, GG(schizophrenia group: AA, 489(28.4%); AG, 848(49.3%); GG, 384(22.3%); control group: AA, 1 450(21.6%); AG, 3 386(50.3%); GG, 1 890(28.1%), χ2=45.418, P<0.05) and allele frequency(schizophrenia group: A, 1 826(53.1%); G, 1 616(46.9%); control group: A, 6 286(46.7%); G, 7 166(53.3%), χ2=43.877, P<0.05) were observed for SNP rs907094 between the schizophrenia group and control group. Individuals carrying allele A were identified to have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those carrying allele G ( OR=1.288, 95% CI=1.195-1.388). Furthermore, the genotype PPP1R1B gene was found to be associated with the clinical features of schizophrenia. A statistically significant difference was observed in the excitement/hostility factor between AA and GG patients with rs907094 (13.62±5.65, 15.54±4.66)( P<0.05). Additionally, significant differences were noted in the cognitive factor scores between AA and GA genotypes (17.76±5.58, 19.43±5.73)( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the Han population from northern Henan province, the rs907094 polymorphism of the PPP1R1B gene is associated with schizophrenia.And the specific locus may be implicated in arousal/hostility symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

[Purpose]To analyze the results of cervical cancer screening among married women of 25～64 years old in Shihezi City from 2021 to 2023,and to explore the risk factors of cervical le-sions.[Methods]The results of cervical cancer screening among married women aged 25～64 years old in Shihezi City from 2021 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The detection rates of common gynecological diseases,cervical cancer and precancerous lesions and human papillo-mavirus(HPV)infection by cervical cytology,colposcopy and cervical biopsy were analyzed.[Re-sults]The HPV infection(mainly single infection)rate was 10.74％.The common gynecological diseases were vaginitis,cervicitis and uterine leiomyoma.The detection rate of cervical cancer was 19.59/105,and the detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions was 308.52/105.Rural resi-dents,HPV 16/18 infection,genital warts were the risk factors for cervical lesions.[Conclusion]Female cervical lesions are significantly correlated with HPV 16/18 infection,genital condyloma acuminatum,particularly for rural residents,and preventive care,early screening and interven-tion should be strengthened for these populations.

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease posing a substantial public health threat.Immunological diagnosis and vaccine im-munization are both necessary to control tuberculosis prevalence.However,the identical antigenic components in diagnostic reagents and vaccines hinder the use of animal vaccines and limit the specificity of clinical diagnosis in humans.Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals can overcome these problems.This article reviews the progress in differential diagnosis research from three as-pects:the diagnostic effects of antigens,methods for discovering new antigens,and screening of new host immune markers,to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

AIM:To establish a mouse model of chronic skin fibrosis by combining skin injury with bleomycin(BLM)induction.METHODS:Male SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into five groups(n=10 per group):control(Ctrl),high-dose BLM(BLM-H),medium-dose BLM(BLM-M),low-dose BLM(BLM-L),and BLM-control(BLM-Ctrl).A 6 mm full-thickness skin excision was performed on the dorsal region of mice,followed by subcuta-neous injections of BLM at four points around the wound.Mice in the Ctrl group were injected with saline,whereas the BLM-Ctrl group received injections without skin excision.The wound healing rates and times were assessed statistically.Histopathological alterations in wound tissues were examined using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect collagen type I(COL I)and COL III expression.RESULTS:Compared to the Ctrl group,wound healing rates were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and healing times significantly prolonged in BLM-H,BLM-M,and BLM-L groups.Histological analysis indicated significantly delayed epithelialization,thicker der-mis,increased collagen deposition,and heightened inflammatory infiltration in the BLM-H group relative to the Ctrl group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).ELISA revealed significantly elevated expression of MMP-2,MMP-3,and MMP-9 in the BLM-H group compared to controls(P<0.01).Western blot results demonstrated significantly increased COL I and COL III pro-tein levels in the BLM-H group compared to the Ctrl group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A mouse model in-volving a 6 mm full-thickness dorsal skin excision combined with subcutaneous injections of BLM(5 mg/kg)at four perile-sional points daily for 21 consecutive days is suitable for investigating chronic skin fibrosis wounds.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) combined with early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 85 patients with SAP complicated by AKI admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2022 to December 2023. These patients were randomized into an LMP group ( n=42) and a control group ( n=43) using a random number table. The control group received traditional EEN, while the LMP group received traditional EEN combined with LMP. Nutritional indicators [total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), and prealbumin (PA)], inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], renal function indicators [creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA)], AKI stage, and fecal intestinal flora were compared between these two groups before and 7 days after intervention. Results:After 7 days of intervention, the TP, Alb, and PA levels significantly increased in both groups (all P<0.05); the increases in TP and PA were more significant in the LMP group (both P<0.05), whereas the increase in Alb did not differ significantly between groups ( P>0.05). The levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α decreased significantly in both groups (all P<0.05),with more significant reductions in the LMP group (all P<0.001). The levels of Cr, eGFR, BUN, and UA improved significantly in both groups (all P<0.05),with more significant improvements in the LMP group (all P<0.05). The incidence of a higher AKI stage in the LMP group was significantly lower than that in the control group( P<0.05), and the incidence of a lower AKI stage was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.001). The fecal counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased significantly while the fecal counts of Enterococcus and Enterobacter decreased significantly in both group (all P<0.001); notably, these changes in bacterial counts were significantly more pronounced in the LMP group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:EEN combined with LMP can significantly enhance nutritional status, reduce inflammatory response, and improve renal function in patients with SAP complicated by AKI.