Objective:To observe the safety of 2-port non-vitrectomized subretinal injection (SRI) for the treatment of Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD).Methods:A exploratory clinical study. From February to May 2023, 6 BCD patients with 6 eyes who were confirmed by examination in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University and were treated with SRI adeno-associated virus vector transgenic drugs were included in the study. Among them, 2 males had 2 eyes and 4 females had 4 eyes. Age were 34-60 years old. The study eye underwent adeno associated virus gene therapy via 2-port non-vitrectomized SRI. Two scleral ports were created using 25G vitrectomy trocar to place the light pipe and injection cannula. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed to lower intraocular pressure. Under the silicone oil infusion mode of the vitrectomy machine, a 38G injection cannula penetrated the retina to reach the subretinal space. The injection speed was controlled by the foot pedal of the vitrectomy machine, and the drug was slowly injected into the subretinal space to create a subretinal bleb. if intra-ocular pressure assessed by finger palpation was high at the end of injection, drainage of the aqueous humor can be made by compressing the cornea incision until the intraocular pressure was normal. Patients were followed for 9-12 months and be examined using the same equipment and methods as before.Results:Retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal atrophy were observed in all 6 eyes of 6 patients were graded as stage Ⅲ by the fundus examination revealing atrophy of retinal pigmented epithelium and choroid, with or without yellow- white crystals and/or complex lipid. The range were operation time 9-14 minutes. No vitreous prolapse, retinal hemorrhage, or retinal tear was observed during surgery. After 24 hours, optical coherence tomogrophy examination showed absorption of subretinal fluid and retinal reattachment. None of the six patients showed corneal keratic precipitates, anterior chamber cells, vitreous cells, inflammation, high intraocular pressure, or retinal tear within the 9-month follow-up.Conclusion:Subretinal injection without vitrectomy using two ports is a safe and feasible alternative for adult gene therapy, and it shortens the surgical time.

Objective:To isolate and screen Lactobacillus crispatus from healthy female vagina and evaluate its probiotic characteristics in vitro in order to provide a new strain for further screening and study of microecological agents for effective treatment of female reproductive system diseases. Methods:The vaginal secretions of 10 healthy women were collected and screened in Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from April 2023 to May 2023. Lactobacillus crispatus was identified by 16S rRNA sequence, and its growth characteristics, acid-producing ability, H 2O 2 producing ability and bacteriostatic ability were detected. Results:Totally 39 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated and identified from 10 healthy women. The logarithmic growth phase of Lactobacillus crispatus was 10-40 h, among which Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and Lactobacillus crispatus 6-7 grew faster. The pH of Lactobacillus crispatus decreased rapidly within 8-24 h, and the pH of 48 h was stable between 3.89 and 4.05. Among them, Lactobacillus crispatus 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11 had better acid production. All 10 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus could produce H 2O 2, and Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5, 4-11, 6-5 and 6-7 had better H 2O 2 production. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-7 and 6-9 had better inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, in which the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.90±0.31) mm, (20.61±0.70) mm and (21.73±0.37) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.95±0.07) mm, (23.52±0.49) mm and (23.49±0.34) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-6 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (19.03±0.23) mm, (18.20±0.18) mm and (18.55±0.29) mm, respectively. Conclusion:Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5 and 6-7 have good acid production, hydrogen peroxide production, bacteriostatic activity and excellent biological characteristics, so they are expected to be candidate strains for the treatment of female reproductive system diseases.

Objective:To isolate and screen Lactobacillus crispatus from healthy female vagina and evaluate its probiotic characteristics in vitro in order to provide a new strain for further screening and study of microecological agents for effective treatment of female reproductive system diseases. Methods:The vaginal secretions of 10 healthy women were collected and screened in Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from April 2023 to May 2023. Lactobacillus crispatus was identified by 16S rRNA sequence, and its growth characteristics, acid-producing ability, H 2O 2 producing ability and bacteriostatic ability were detected. Results:Totally 39 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus were isolated and identified from 10 healthy women. The logarithmic growth phase of Lactobacillus crispatus was 10-40 h, among which Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and Lactobacillus crispatus 6-7 grew faster. The pH of Lactobacillus crispatus decreased rapidly within 8-24 h, and the pH of 48 h was stable between 3.89 and 4.05. Among them, Lactobacillus crispatus 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11 had better acid production. All 10 strains of Lactobacillus crispatus could produce H 2O 2, and Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5, 4-11, 6-5 and 6-7 had better H 2O 2 production. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-7 and 6-9 had better inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, in which the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.90±0.31) mm, (20.61±0.70) mm and (21.73±0.37) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 4-5 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (20.95±0.07) mm, (23.52±0.49) mm and (23.49±0.34) mm, respectively. Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5, 6-6 and 6-7 had better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, the diameters of bacteriostatic zone were (19.03±0.23) mm, (18.20±0.18) mm and (18.55±0.29) mm, respectively. Conclusion:Lactobacillus crispatus 6-5 and 6-7 have good acid production, hydrogen peroxide production, bacteriostatic activity and excellent biological characteristics, so they are expected to be candidate strains for the treatment of female reproductive system diseases.

Objective:To observe the imaging features of fundus lesions associated with COVID-19.Methods:A observational case series study. Twenty eyes of 10 patients with fundus lesions associated with COVID-19 at Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from December 10, 2022 to January 20, 2023 were included in this study. There were 1 males and 9 females, aged from 17 to 49 years, with the median age of 26 years. The time of ocular symptoms after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 0-2 days. The time from the onset of ocular symptoms to seeing a doctor was 1-14 days. All patients were examined by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, infra-red fundus photography (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT). Serum D-dimer examination was performed in 3 patients. The median BCVA was 0.4. There was no abnormalities in intraocular pressure and anterior segment examination. Among 20 eyes of 10 patients, there were 10 eyes of 5 patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), 6 eyes of 3 patients with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR), 4 eyes of 2 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). The imaging features of fundus were observed and analyzed.Results:Retinal lesions included AMN, paramacular central medial retinopathy (PAMM), PLR, cotton wool spots, hemorrhage, optic disc edema, macular edema. AMN was found in 10 eyes, with reddish-brown and wedge-shaped lesion in the fovea, dark area in IR and hyper reflectivity in outer nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer by OCT. The cotton wool spot showed hyper reflectivity on retinal nerve fiber layer whereas PAMM showed band-shape hyper reflectivity in inner nuclear layer by OCT. The Purtscher spot was seen at the posterior pole and/or peripapillary in 6 eyes of PLR. By OCT examination, the retinal nerve fiber layer corresponding to Purtscher flecken was significantly thickened and the reflex was enhanced. Among 6 eyes of PLR, there were 4 eyes combined with AMN, 1 eye with PAMM and macular edema. In 4 eyes of CRVO, vitreous cells, optic disc edema, retinal flame, spot hemorrhage, and atypical cotton wool spots were seen in 2 eyes.Conclusions:The manifestations of fundus lesions associated with COVID-19 are varied. The multilayer structure of retina is involved, and the microvessels of retina and choroidal capillary layer are damaged.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world and triggered a worldwide pandemic. Whether SARS-CoV-2 potentially adversely affects female fertility is unclear now, and more evidence is needed to support the follow-up. Preliminary studies of combined SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy have found that SARS-CoV-2 may increase the risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes, but does not appear to be associated with a high risk of early miscarriage. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection will be vertically transmitted and affect the next generation is unclear and requires more evidence supports. With the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, the development and clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are widely conducted worldwide, and current studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may not have adverse effects on the reproductive system of women. This article briefly reviewed the progress of research on SARS-CoV-2 on female reproductive health in the context of recent years.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world and triggered a worldwide pandemic. Whether SARS-CoV-2 potentially adversely affects female fertility is unclear now, and more evidence is needed to support the follow-up. Preliminary studies of combined SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy have found that SARS-CoV-2 may increase the risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes, but does not appear to be associated with a high risk of early miscarriage. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection will be vertically transmitted and affect the next generation is unclear and requires more evidence supports. With the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, the development and clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are widely conducted worldwide, and current studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may not have adverse effects on the reproductive system of women. This article briefly reviewed the progress of research on SARS-CoV-2 on female reproductive health in the context of recent years.

Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high morbidity and mortality, which has seriously harmed human health. Several targeted therapies have been approved for the first- and second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The emergence of immunotherapy has brought the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma into a new era. Targeted and immunotherapeutic agents have synergistic effects in mechanism, also the combination of these two therapies has been clinically beneficial to patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time, in addition to the systemic therapy of targeted combined immunological, applying appropriate local therapy can provide a longer survival period or even a chance of cure for that some patients. The authors introduce the diagnosis and treatment of a case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who achieved pathological complete remission by first-line immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of vitrectomy with or without fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling on macular foveoschisis (MF) secondary to pathologic myopia. Methods: A non-randomized controlled study was adopted.Twenty-three patients (25 eyes) with refractive error ≥-8.00 DS and MF either combined with foveal retinal detachment or epi-macualr membrane or lamellar macular hole.The subjects were divided into non-internal limiting membrane peeling group (11 patients /11 eyes) who underwent triamcinolone (TA) assisted vitrectomy and fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling group (12 patients/14 eyes) who underwent TA assisted vitrectomy with fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling.The baseline data such as age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, axial length were not significant difference between the two group.Main outcomes were BCVA, remission of MF defined by optical coherence tomographyc OCT as well as complications.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and this protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (NO.XMYKZX-2016-YWS-007). Results: All patients completed follow-up for more 6 months.BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.47±0.30 in non-internal limiting membrane peeling group and 0.40±0.33 in fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling group, showing no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.66, P=0.52). Complete remission of MF was achieved in 22 eyes.The remission time in non-internal limiting membrane peeling group was 2.5 (1.8, 9.3) months, and 1.0 (1.0, 3.8) months in fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling group, no statistical significance was obtained between the two groups (U=35.00, P=0.09). One eye had post-operative macular hole in non-internal limiting membrane peeling group, accounting for 9%, while in fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling group, one eye had macular hole, accounting for 7%, and one eye had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment post-operatively, accounting for 7%. Conclusions MF can be resolved by vitrectomy while complete remission can achieved more quickly when combined with fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ELMOD2 over-expression on the malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer MGC803 cells, and to study its related molecular mechanism. Methods: GV141-ELMOD2 expression vector was transfected into human gastric cancer MGC803 cells. The mRNA and protein expressions of ELMOD2 were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and WB, respectively. The cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 method. Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The cell migration ability was detected by Transwell method. The protein expressions of PCNA, BAX and Bcl-2 and Vimentin were detected by WB. Results:After transfection of ELMOD2 expression vector, the mRNAand protein expressions of ELMOD2 were significantly increased in MGC803 cells (P<0.05). Further studies showed that over-expression of ELMOD2 increased the proliferation and migration ability but reduced the apoptosis rate of MGC803 cells significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein levels of PCNA, Vimentin and Bcl-2 in MGC803 cells increased, while the protein level of BAX decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Over-expression of ELMOD2 can promote the proliferation and migration of MGC803 cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. These effects may be achieved by increasing the protein level of PCNA, Vimentin and Bcl-2, and reducing the protein level of BAX.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of digital 3D heads-up display viewing system(3D viewing system) and intraoperative OCT (iOCT) in vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis (MF). Methods: A retrospective, consecutive case series. From October 2018 to May 2019, Nineteen eyes of 19 consecutive patients with MF diagnosed in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University who underwent vitrectomy were included in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females, with the mean age of 54.47±11.38 years. The average axial length was 30.40±2.30 mm, the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.56±0.31, the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was 317.80±151.9.32 μm, the mean max retinal thickness (maxRT) was 556.7±143.7 μm. All the surgeries performed combined with 3D viewing system with iOCT. The standard 25G pars planar vitrectomy were performed with removing the posterior vitreous and indocyanine green (ICG) staining of internal limiting membrane (ILM) and air-fluid exchange. Thirteen of 19 eyes underwent fovea-sparing ILM peeling and the other 6 eyes not. The average follow-up was 4.2±1.4 months. All the patients were on regular follow-up to document the changes on BCVA, anatomical changes in macula, CFT and maxRT. Paired t test was used to compare BCVA, CFT and maxRT before and after surgery. Results: The fine images of macula were clearly shown on the 3D viewing system in all eyes. The electronic green filter enhanced the contrast sensitivity of ICG stained images. Clear images of macula were captured by iOCT in all eyes. The average surgical time was 35.5±8.2 min. On the last follow-up, 16 of 19 eyes with MF resolved. The mean CFT was 178.5±103.5 μm, the maxRT was 341.8±83.8.16 μm, and the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.35±0.22. The differences of CFT, maxRT and logMAR BCVA before and after surgery were statistically significant (t=4.181, 7.154, 5.129; P<0.001). Minimal invisible full thickness macular hole were detected in 2 eyes by iOCT and repaired with auto serum or ILM flap covering. There was no complication associated with the 3D viewing system. Conclusions 3D viewing system provides improved contrast and crystal clear macular image stain with ICG in pathological myopia. iOCT can detect the minimal invisible full thickness macular hole during surgery. Both may contribute to improved MF closure rate and BCVA.