Accurately obtaining the crop quantity and density is not only crucial for the demand-based input of water and fertilizer in the field but also vital for ensuring the yield and quality of crops. Aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can quickly acquire the distribution image information of crops over a large area. However, the accurate recognition of a single type of dense targets is a huge challenge for most recognition algorithms. Taking banana seedlings as an example in this study, we captured the images of banana plantations by UAVs from high altitudes to explore an efficient recognition method for dense targets. We proposed a strategy of "cut-recognition-stitch" and constructed a counting method based on the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm. First, the images containing highly dense targets were cropped into a large number of image tiles according to different sizes (simulating different flight altitudes), and the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm was adopted to improve the image quality. A banana seedling dataset containing 36 000 image tiles was constructed. Then, the Faster R-CNN network with optimized parameters was used to train the banana seedling recognition model. Finally, the recognition results were reversely stitched together, and a boundary deduplication algorithm was designed to correct the final counting results to reduce the repeated recognition caused by image cropping. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the Faster R-CNN with optimized parameters for banana image datasets of different sizes can reach up to 0.99 at most. The deduplication algorithm can reduce the average counting error for the original aerial images from 1.60% to 0.60%, and the average counting accuracy of banana seedlings reaches 99.4%. The proposed method effectively addresses the challenge of recognizing dense small objects in high-resolution aerial images, providing an efficient and reliable technical solution for intelligent crop density monitoring in precision agriculture.
Musa/growth & development* ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development* ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Unmanned Aerial Devices ; Seedlings/growth & development* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Photography ; Agriculture/methods*

Objective:To investigate the current status of clinical nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding geriatric frailty syndrome in a general hospital and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Using convenience sampling, 319 clinical nurses from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, were recruited between May and September 2024. A KAP questionnaire on geriatric frailty syndrome was developed through literature review and the Delphi method. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire and the KAP questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors influencing KAP levels.Results:The finalized KAP questionnaire consisted of three dimensions and 27 items. Cronbach's α coefficients for the total scale and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices subscales were 0.974, 0.981, 0.974, and 0.967, respectively. The overall KAP score among 319 nurses was (96.65±20.83). The average scores for each dimension were (4.08±0.82) for attitudes, (3.84±0.84) for practices, and (3.12±1.00) for knowledge. Multiple linear regression indicated that age and positions were respective significantly influenced the total KAP score and attitudes score ( P<0.05) ; frailty-related training was also a significant factor for KAP score and dimension scores ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses demonstrated a moderate overall KAP level regarding geriatric frailty syndrome, with relatively high attitudes but insufficient professional knowledge. Hospital managers should provide effective education and training for frontline nurses to improve KAP levels and to promote early identification, assessment, and intervention of geriatric frailty.

Objective:To investigate the current status of clinical nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding geriatric frailty syndrome in a general hospital and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Using convenience sampling, 319 clinical nurses from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, were recruited between May and September 2024. A KAP questionnaire on geriatric frailty syndrome was developed through literature review and the Delphi method. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire and the KAP questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors influencing KAP levels.Results:The finalized KAP questionnaire consisted of three dimensions and 27 items. Cronbach's α coefficients for the total scale and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices subscales were 0.974, 0.981, 0.974, and 0.967, respectively. The overall KAP score among 319 nurses was (96.65±20.83). The average scores for each dimension were (4.08±0.82) for attitudes, (3.84±0.84) for practices, and (3.12±1.00) for knowledge. Multiple linear regression indicated that age and positions were respective significantly influenced the total KAP score and attitudes score ( P<0.05) ; frailty-related training was also a significant factor for KAP score and dimension scores ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses demonstrated a moderate overall KAP level regarding geriatric frailty syndrome, with relatively high attitudes but insufficient professional knowledge. Hospital managers should provide effective education and training for frontline nurses to improve KAP levels and to promote early identification, assessment, and intervention of geriatric frailty.

Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome (OCTS) has been included in the official list of occupational diseases in China. Imaging techniques have been widely applied in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), including OCTS, owing to their advantages of visualization, non-invasiveness, and high patient compliance. Computed tomography (CT) can be used to visualize bony structures of the wrist, however, it has limited resolution for nerve compression caused by non-osseous factors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution visualization of the microstructure of muscles, nerves, and surrounding tissues, particularly diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance neuroimaging for assessment of the median nerve. However, MRI is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, both CT and MRI are limited in CTS diagnosis. Ultrasonography has its advantages, such as real-time dynamic assessment, low cost, non-invasiveness, and non-ionizing radiation effect. High-frequency ultrasound has shown correlations with nerve conduction and electromyography findings in the progression and diagnosis of CTS. Real-time shear wave elastography enables quantitative assessment of tissue elasticity and stiffness, while superb microvascular imaging allows quantitative evaluation of intraneural microvascular flow, compensating for the subjectivity of conventional high-frequency ultrasound. According to GBZ 336-2025 Diagnostic Standard for Occupational Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, high-frequency ultrasound examination of the wrist has been listed as an important diagnostic basis for OCTS. Future studies should explore the combined use of multimodal ultrasound techniques (high-frequency ultrasound, SMI, and SWE) to construct a comprehensive diagnostic model for OCTS that integrates multi-dimensional imaging features with neurophysiological parameters and occupational exposure history, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and objectivity.

[Objective] To analyze the changes of platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) content in apheresis at different storage periods, track the PEVs and transfusion efficacy of patients, and explore the mechanism of PEVs in relation to platelet storage damage and transfusion efficacy. [Methods] From November 2022 to April 2024, a total of 85 apheresis platelets samples were collected at Jiading District Blood Station. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of PEVs on the day of collection and before transfusion. The changes in the content of PEVs stored for 1 to 5 days were observed. Patients with acute leukemia were selected as transfusion recipients, and their content of platelet count and PEVs before transfusion and within 24 hours after transfusion, and the efficacy were tracked to explore the mechanism of PEVs in relation to storage lesion and transfusion efficacy. [Results] The content of PEVs before platelet infusion (8.73±4.84) was significantly higher than that on the day of platelet collection (5.11±3.33), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The increase in the content of PEVs in storage for 2 to 5 days was 2.55±1.38, 3.49±2.63, 3.86±3.55 and 4.50±3.91, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The PEVs content in patients after blood transfusion was positively correlated with that before transfusion and that in apheresis platelet bags during transfusion (P<0.001) A total of 85 cases of apheresis platelet transfusion were conducted, with 61 effective transfusions having a CCI value of (13.43±4.70), and 24 transfusion refractoriness cases having a CCI value of (2.27±3.67), showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The transfusion effectiveness rates for patients receiving different storage periods of apheresis platelets of 2 to 5 days were 88.89%, 68.42%, 68.18% and 57.14% respectively, with corresponding CCI values of 11.18±6.10, 10.43±6.77, 9.53±6.75 and 9.48±8.86, and there was no significant difference between CCI groups (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PEVs content before and after transfusion and the efficacy of CCI (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PEVs content before apheresis platelet transfusion and the efficacy of CCI (P>0.05). [Conclusion] The content of PEVs increased with the prolongation of storage time, which could be used as a potential blood quality evaluation and monitoring index during the storage period, but it was not significantly correlated with the efficacy of CCI in transfusion.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in a real-world setting.Methods:This was a real-world ambispective cohort study (MOMENT study) (Chinese clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR2200062067). Clinical data were collected from 198 patients who received mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy or combination therapy at 37 hospitals from January 2022 to January 2023, including 166 patients in the retrospective cohort and 32 patients in the prospective cohort; 10 patients in the treatment-na?ve group and 188 patients in the relapsed/refractory group. Clinical characteristics, efficacy and adverse events were summarized, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.Results:All 198 patients were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection for a median of 3 cycles (range 1-7 cycles); 28 cases were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy, and 170 cases were treated with the combination regimen. Among 188 relapsed/refractory patients, 45 cases (23.9%) were in complete remission (CR), 82 cases (43.6%) were in partial remission (PR), and 28 cases (14.9%) were in disease stabilization (SD), and 33 cases (17.6%) were in disease progression (PD), with an objective remission rate (ORR) of 67.6% (127/188). Among 10 treatment-na?ve patients, 4 cases (40.0%) were in CR, 5 cases (50.0%) were in PR, and 1 case (10.0%) was in PD, with an ORR of 90.0% (9/10). The median follow-up time was 2.9 months (95% CI 2.4-3.7 months), and the median PFS and OS of patients in relapsed/refractory and treatment-na?ve groups were not reached. In relapsed/refractory patients, the difference in ORR between patients with different number of treatment lines of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection [ORR of the second-line, the third-line and ≥the forth-line treatment was 74.4% (67/90), 73.9% (34/46) and 50.0% (26/52)] was statistically significant ( P = 0.008). Of the 198 PTCL patients, 182 cases (91.9%) experienced at least 1 time of treatment-related adverse events, and the incidence rate of ≥grade 3 adverse events was 66.7% (132/198), which was mainly characterized by hematologic adverse events. The ≥ grade 3 hematologic adverse events mainly included decreased lymphocyte count, decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and anemia; non-hematologic adverse events were mostly grade 1-2, mainly including pigmentation disorders and upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusions:The use of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection-containing regimen in the treatment of PTCL has definite efficacy and is well tolerated, and it is a new therapeutic option for PTCL patients.

Objective: To investigate the pathogen spectrum distribution and drug resistance of febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical isolates from the febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in the departments of hematology in 12 general hospitals in Shanghai from January 2012 to December 2014. The drug susceptibility test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility data. Results: A total of 1 260 clinical isolates were collected from the febrile neutropenic patients. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 33.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.5%) , Escherichia coli (9.1%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%) , Acinetobacter baumannii (6.6%) , Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (5.0%) were ranked in the first 7 of all pathogens. In the respiratory tract secretions specimens, non-fermented strains accounted for 56.2%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 15.2%. Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 42.3% (104/246) and 32.6% (85/246) respectively in blood samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus bacteria accounted for 39.4% (76/193) and 28.5% (55/193) respectively in pus specimens. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 54.3% and 82.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus bacterial strain was not found to be resistant to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The detection rate of Enterococcus vancomycin-resistant strains was 8.9%. Enterococcus was not detected resistance to oxazolidinone strains. Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were highly sensitive to carbapenems. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem was 34.1% and 15.8%, respectively. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was more sensitive to minocycline hydrochloride, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii only to cefoperazone-sulbactam was less than 10.0%. The antibiotic resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii to most of common antibiotics was lower than that of the CHINET surveillance. Conclusions The pathogenic strain distribution in common infection sites of febrile neutropenic patients was characterized. Bacterial resistance surveillance was better than the CHINET nationwide large sample surveillance in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of different depths of anesthesia on incidence of postopera-tive cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods We systematically retrievedPubmed,OVID,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang database and VIP database for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from inceptionto December 312016, comparing different depths of anesthesia for their impacts on incidence of early POCD. After data extraction and quality evaluation,Revman 5.3 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results A total of 714 patients in 8 eligible RCTs were identified. Results of meta-analysis were as follows.(1)Incidence of POCD of depth anesthesia (NTS=E0-E1)was lower than general anesthesia(NTS=D0-D1)1 d after surgery(OR=0.21,95%CI 0.13~0.35,P < 0.00001).(2)Incidence of POCD of depth anesthesia(NTS = E1)was lower than general anesthesia (NTS=D0)7 d after surgery(OR=0.45,95%CI 0.23~0.91,P=0.03).(3)Incidence of POCD of NTS=E1 was lower than NTS=D07d after surgery(OR=0.42,95%CI 0.24~0.71,P=0.001). Conclusion Comparedwith general anesthesia,depth anesthesia is associated with a lower incidence of early POCD.

Objective To explore the anticancer mechanism of esophageal cancer vaccines and clinical effect.Methods Esophagus cancer cells (Eca109) were cultured and the soluble antigen were extracted from the cells.Esophagus cancer vaccine was constructed with the antigen and superantigen SEC.Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and then stimulated with the vaccine in vitro.Phenotypes of the cells were checked by FCM and killing activity was tested with cytotoxic assays.One hundred and six early esophageal cancer patients were selected after surgery,who were divided into the observation group of 53 cases with esophageal cancer vaccine therapy and 53 cases in the control group with conventional treatment.Then clinical effect was observated and 3 year follow-up survival rate was observed of the of two groups of patients.Results Proliferation of vaccine stimulated lymphocyte group was the strongest,and high peaked at 72 h (A =0.22),and raise CD8+ T cell populations of CTLs.The killing activity of lymphocyte group stimulated by the vaccine against target cells was significantly higher than that of lymphocyte group ((97.36±2.11) ％) vs.(79.27±5.57) ％,F =38.62,P＜0.01).Three years follow up shows that the survival rates of experiment group were 48.27％ (male) and 45.83％ (female) respectively,and control group were 21.43％ (male) and 24.00％ (female),and the difference was significant (x2 =5.06,6.28,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The tumor vaccine constructed with esophagus cancer antigen and superantigen SEC can induce PBMC to activate and proliferate into CD8+ CTL with specific cytotoxicity against the cells which the antigen comes from.The vaccine may raise the survival rate of the patients with Esophagus cancer.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with treatment of ultrasound-guided pereutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Methods A total of 104 patients with 147 HCC tumors who had 36-month regular follow-up after percuatenous RFA therapy in the First Affi liated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between May 2008 tand June 2012 were included in this study. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was the main method in evaluating the therapeutic effect of RFA. Kaplan-Meier model and Log-rank test were used in univariate analysis, and Cox regression model was used in multivariate analysis to identify the independent factors on therapeutic effect of RFA.Results The 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 3-year overall survival rates after RFA were 96.1%, 92.0%, 80.0%, 53.3% respectively, and the mediansurvival time was 19 months. 1-year local recurrence rate was 13.6%. The univariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh classifi cation, original lesion condition, intrahepatic recurrence, ablative area, and RFA priority were related to survival rate (χ2=7.119,P=0.008;χ2=20.485,P=0.000;χ2=14.160,P=0.000;χ2=11.825, P=0.001;χ2=7.979,P=0.005). The Child-Pugh classifi cation, original lesion condition, intrahepatic recurrence were identified as independent prognostic factors of survival rate (P=0.001;P=0.005;P=0.003). The univariate analysis showed that virus marker, original lesion condition, hepatic background, tumor diameter, tumor boundary, relation with adjacent organ and vessels, ablative area, RFA priority weresignifi cantly related to local recurrence rate (χ2=7.234,P=0.007;χ2=9.083,P=0.003;χ2=7.791,P=0.005;χ2=13.042,P=0.000;χ2=20.657,P=0.000;χ2=58.615,P=0.000;χ2=6.681,P=0.010). The ablative area and tumor boundary were identified as independent prognostic factors of local recurrence rate (P=0.017;P=0.002).Conclusions Child-Pugh classifi cation, original lesion condition, intrahepatic recurrence were identifi ed as independent prognostic factors of survival. And ablative area and tumor boundary were identified as independent prognostic factors of local rcurrence rate. In order to improve patient`s survival and reduce local recurrence in high-risk cases, it is importantant to establish appropriate follow-up plan and multidisciplinary cooperation framework within a standard treatment procedure.