OBJECTIVE To analyze the prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of Lithocarpus litseifolius leaves， so as to provide a reference for clarifying the pharmacological material basis of its prevention and treatment of central nervous system dis eases. METHODS The ethanol extract of L. litseifolius leaves， as well as the gastric lavage fluid and perfusion solution were prepared. Using rats as subjects， plasma samples of intestinal wall metabolism， intestinal flora metabolism and hepatic metabolism were prepared via in situ intestinal perfusion and closed intestinal loop method； while comprehensive metabolic plasma samples， brain tissue samples， and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected after intragastric administration. UPLC-HRMS technology was utilized to analyze and identify chemical components and prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of L. litseifolius leaves. RESULTS A total of 66 chemical constituents were identified in L. litseifolius leaves， primarily consisting of flavonoids， organic acids， and others. A total of 16， 13， 11， and 5 prototype components were identified in intestinal wall metabolism， intestinal flora metabolism， hepatic metabolism， and comprehensive metabolic plasma samples， respectively. Additionally， 4 prototype components were detected in brain tissue and 9 in cerebrospinal fluid. Phloridzin， trilobatin， phloretin-2- O -malonyl hexoside， and phloretin were identified as common components across all sample types. CONCLUSIONS Prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of L. litseifolius leaves， such as phloridzin， trilobatin， phloretin， and other components may serve as the pharmacological material basis for their therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases.

Objective: To compare the differences and similarities in emotional and behavioral problems among children with developmental dyslexia (DD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or both, aiming to provide basis for targeted intervention. Methods: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to investigate emotional and behavioral problems among four groups of children (DD=32, ADHD=32, DD+ADHD=14, TD=32). Hierarchical regression analysis was recruited to investigate the associations of emotional and behavioral problems with spelling impairment or ADHD symptoms. Results: Except for peer problems, emotional and behavioral problems varied in the four groups [prosocial DD: (641±2.75), ADHD: (5.53±2.49), combined: (7.07±2.37), control: (7.72±2.19), F=4.42, P<0.05; emotional problems DD: (1.81±1.94), ADHD: (3.66±1.66), combined: (3.21±2.33), control: (2.03±1.99), F=6.36， P<0.05; conduct problems DD: (2.31±1.23), ADHD: (3.66±1.77), combined: (2.64±1.98), control: (1.97±1.31), F=7.24, P<0.05; difficulties score DD: (6.94±2.96), ADHD: (10.28±3.90), combined: (9.07±3.17), control: (6.06±3.94), F=8.82, P<0.05 ], most serious in ADHD group. In addition, children in DD group scored higher than those in normal group in terms of prosocial behavior. Children in the combined group showed higher total scores of peer problems and difficult score than those in the normal group. Emotional symptoms were more serious among children in combined group than those in the DD group. Compared with the combined group, behavioral problems in ADHD group were more common. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in combined group was mostly mediated by hyperactivity symptoms. Conclusion Compared with DD group, children with ADHD combined or not combined with DD show more emotional and behavioral problems. Emotional and behavioral problems are notably observed among those with hyperactivity symptoms than DD.

Objective: To investigate the clinical application and effect evaluation of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in the optimization of vascular recanalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 389 STEMI patients admitted to the emergency department of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2014 to January 2015 were served as the control group, and 398 STEMI patients admitted to the chest pain center of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2016 to October 2017 were served as the experimental group. In the control group, routine emergency treatment was used. At the same time, the intervention room was 24-hour prepared for emergency vascular recanalization. The experimental group used FMEA. Through the usage of FMEA, the main factors those caused the delay in revascularization treatment were determined, and the revascularization process was optimized for these influencing factors, thereby shortening the "criminal" blood vessel opening time of patients. The door-to-balloon dilatation time (D-to-B time), troponin testing time, placement time of the catheterization room, initiation of the catheterization room to balloon dilatation time, and preoperative and 1 week postoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, heart function parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular short axis shortening rate (FS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] within 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after intervention, and the incidence of main cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention, hospital mortality, the length of hospital stay, and readmission within 1 year in the patients of two groups were recorded. Results: D-to-B time (minutes: 70.6±3.6 vs. 79.4±8.7), troponin testing time (minutes: 17.1±2.3 vs. 65.2±6.5), placement time of the catheterization room (minutes: 28.9±9.8 vs. 52.3±12.2) and activation of the catheterization room to balloon expansion time (minutes: 47.3±9.3 vs. 65.1±7.2) in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The NT-proBNP levels at 1 week after intervention in the two groups were lower than the preoperative levels, slightly lower in the experimental group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in cardiac function at 1 week and 3 months after intervention between the two groups. The LVEF and FS at 6 months after intervention in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [LVEF: 0.622±0.054 vs. 0.584±0.076, FS: (38.1±4.3)% vs. (35.4±6.2)%, both P < 0.01], and LVESD and LVEDD were decreased significantly [LVESD (mm): 31.2±3.8 vs. 34.7±4.2, LVEDD (mm): 49.2±5.3 vs. 52.4±5.6, all P < 0.01]. The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (days: 8.3±3.2 vs. 13.2±6.8, P < 0.01), the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention [13.6% (54/398) vs. 19.8% (77/389)], hospital mortality [1.8% (7/398) vs. 4.9% (19/389)], and readmission rate within 1 year [9.5% (38/398) vs. 14.5% (56/389)] in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The usage of FMEA to optimize the vascular recanalization procedure can shorten the emergency treatment time of STEMI patients, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, and improve the prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the application of exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC)value in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.Methods Routine MR sequences and axial diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)sequences with different b-values(0, 300,500,800 s/mm2)were performed in 46 patients with 51 histopathologically confirmed thyroid nodules,including 35 malignant nodules and 1 6 benign nodules.The eADC values of each thyroid nodules’solid component with different b-values were measured and assessed by independent samples t test.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves were drawn and used to determine the diagnostic threshold and assess the screen test.Results The eADC values of the malignant nodules were higher than that of benign nodules (P<0.05)in all of the three different b-values.The eADC values of the malignant nodules and the benign nodules were 0.618±0.080 and 0.492±0.071 (b=300 s/mm2),0.520±0.104 and 0.371±0.077 (b=500 s/mm2)and 0.407±0.114 and 0.286±0.097 (b=800 s/mm2)respectively. According to the ROC curve,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.883,0.890 and 0.824 when the b-value was set as 300,500 and 800 s/mm2respectively.When the b-value was set as 500 s/mm2and the diagnostic threshold was 0.454,the sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Youden index were 74.3%,93.8%,96.3%,60.9% and 0.68,respectively.Conclusion The eADC value is helpful in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules,and the best result can be obtained by using DWI with b-value of 500 s/mm2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application and effect evaluation of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in the optimization of vascular recanalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: A total of 389 STEMI patients admitted to the emergency department of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2014 to January 2015 were served as the control group, and 398 STEMI patients admitted to the chest pain center of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2016 to October 2017 were served as the experimental group. In the control group, routine emergency treatment was used. At the same time, the intervention room was 24-hour prepared for emergency vascular recanalization. The experimental group used FMEA. Through the usage of FMEA, the main factors those caused the delay in revascularization treatment were determined, and the revascularization process was optimized for these influencing factors, thereby shortening the "criminal" blood vessel opening time of patients. The door-to-balloon dilatation time (D-to-B time), troponin testing time, placement time of the catheterization room, initiation of the catheterization room to balloon dilatation time, and preoperative and 1 week postoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, heart function parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular short axis shortening rate (FS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] within 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after intervention, and the incidence of main cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention, hospital mortality, the length of hospital stay, and readmission within 1 year in the patients of two groups were recorded. RESULTS: D-to-B time (minutes: 70.6±3.6 vs. 79.4±8.7), troponin testing time (minutes: 17.1±2.3 vs. 65.2±6.5), placement time of the catheterization room (minutes: 28.9±9.8 vs. 52.3±12.2) and activation of the catheterization room to balloon expansion time (minutes: 47.3±9.3 vs. 65.1±7.2) in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The NT-proBNP levels at 1 week after intervention in the two groups were lower than the preoperative levels, slightly lower in the experimental group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in cardiac function at 1 week and 3 months after intervention between the two groups. The LVEF and FS at 6 months after intervention in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [LVEF: 0.622±0.054 vs. 0.584±0.076, FS: (38.1±4.3)% vs. (35.4±6.2)%, both P < 0.01], and LVESD and LVEDD were decreased significantly [LVESD (mm): 31.2±3.8 vs. 34.7±4.2, LVEDD (mm): 49.2±5.3 vs. 52.4±5.6, all P < 0.01]. The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (days: 8.3±3.2 vs. 13.2±6.8, P < 0.01), the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention [13.6% (54/398) vs. 19.8% (77/389)], hospital mortality [1.8% (7/398) vs. 4.9% (19/389)], and readmission rate within 1 year [9.5% (38/398) vs. 14.5% (56/389)] in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The usage of FMEA to optimize the vascular recanalization procedure can shorten the emergency treatment time of STEMI patients, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, and improve the prognosis.
Chest Pain ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prognosis

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of MSCT in the pre-operative N-staging and diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in each group of gastric cancer.Methods Pathological and CT data of 91 patients with gastric cancer proved by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Three-phase dynamic enhancements were performed before surgery in a unified way of hypotonic oral water,N-stage and grouping of lymph nodes of the preoperative CT imaging were evaluated by using the established diagnostic criteria and then compared with the results of surgery and pathology,the accuracy of staging and grouping was analyzed by using Kappa test.Results The accuracy of MSCT diagnosing the N-staging as a whole was 86.3%.The accuracy for N0,N1,N2 and N3 was 83.5%,89.0%,83.5% and 89.0%,respectively.The sensitivity was 86.5%,83.3%,50% and 47.4%,respectively.The specificity was 79.5%,89.4%,89.6% and 100.0%, respectively.The sensitivity for N0 was statistically different from that for N2, N0 and N3(P≤0.007).The detected accuracy for the group of left side of the cardium (No.2), periphery of the splenic hilum (No.10), posterior of the pancreastic head (No.13) were higher than other groups on MSCT with the accuracyof 100%.The sensitivity for the group of No.2,periphery of the coeliac trunk(No.9),No.10,and No.13 was 100%.The specificity for the group of No.2,No.10,and No.13 was 98.9%.Conclusion Relatively high accuracy in the preoperative N-staging and diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in each group of gastric cancer can be obtained by MSCT, which provide reliable information for preoperative assessment and intraoperative lymph node dissections.

Objective:To know the amount of literacy and scores of behavior problems of the grade 2-5 pupils in the primary school,and explore the correlation between them.Methods:A total of 673 pupils from grade 2 to 5 in primary school of Nanhai distric,Foshan City were enrolled.Their amount of literacy was assessed with the Primary School Literacy Assessment Scale,and their teachers were assessed with the Conners Teacher Rating Scale.Results:The amount of literacy in different grades,genders and parents' education levels were significantly different among the primary school students (P ＜0.05),girls's scores were higher than boys's [(2312 ±719) vs.(2184 ±734),P ＜ 0.05],students whose parents of high education level were higher than those of low education level (P ＜ 0.05).Scores of hyperactivity,inattentive-passive behaviors and conduct problems in different grades and genders were significantly different.Scores of Grade 2 pupils were higher than others,and boys's scores were higher than girls' s (P ＜ 0.05).Three factors of CTRS,including conduct problems (r =-0.31),hyperactivity (r =-0.43) and inattentive-passive behaviors (r =-0.36) and hyperactivity index(r =-0.38) had significantly negative correlation with the amount of literacy (P ＜ 0.001).Regression analysis showed that hyperactivity (β =-22.27,P ＜ 0.01) and conduct problems (β =-17.69,P ＜ 0.01) could significantly explain the amount of literacy (R2 =0.81).Conclusion:It suggests that hyperactivity and conduct problems are moderately associated with the amount of literacy in primary pupils.

Objective To investigate the significance of urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL ) and renal injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in predicting the acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with congenital heart disease after operation .Methods From April 2014 to December 2015 ,67 cases of cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart disease were studied in our hospital ,all patients were divided into AKI group (n=24) and non AKI group (n=43) by pRIFLE standard .Serum creatinine , urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 levels were compared between the two groups before and after the operation ,the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of NGAL and KIM-1 in pre-dicting the postoperative AKI in children with congenital heart disease .Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative and postoperative 2 h and 4 h creatinine (P>0 .05) ,but the levels of postoperative 12 ,24 ,48 h creati-nine in the non AKI group were significantly lower than those in the AKI group (P<0 .05) .The NGAL level of postoperative 2 ,4 , 6 ,12 h in non AKI group was significantly lower than that in AKI group (P<0 .05) ,but there was no significant difference in the level of postoperative 24 h urine NGAL between the two groups (P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients with postoperative 2 h urinary KIM-1 (P>0 .05) ,postoperative 4 ,6 ,12 ,24 h urinary KIM-1 levels in the non AKI group were significantly lower than those in the AKI group (P<0 .05) .The optimal time point separate detection of urinary NGAL levels to assist in diagnosis of AKI after 12 h ,AUC was 0 .834 (95% CI:0 .631-0 .912);the best time point separately to detect the level of KIM-1 AKI to assist in the diagnosis of AKI after 24 h ,AUC was 0 .871 (95% CI:0 .665-0 .933);combined de-tection of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels to assist the best time for the diagnosis of AKI after 24 h ,AUC was 0 .913(95% CI:0 .745-0 .968) .Conclusion Urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 in children with congenital heart disease after operation have important clinical significance in predicting the occurrence of AKI .

Objective To detect the expressions of interleukin-11 (IL-11) and interleukin-11 receptorα(IL-11Rα) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, and explore their clinical significances. Methods The expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rαin NSCLC cell lines A549, H2228, healthy lung small airway epithelial cell (SAEC) line cytoplasm, cell membrane and nucleus were detected by Western blot. Results The expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rα were low in the cell membrance and nucleus (cell membrane: IL-110.04± 0.03, IL-11Rα0.05±0.03; nuclear: IL-110.45±0.19, IL-11Rα0.07±0.02;P<0.01); The expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rα in A549 and H2228 cell lines were significantly increased compared with those of SAEC cell lines in the cell membrance and cytoplasm (P< 0.01); Among the A549 cell lines, the expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rα in cell nucleus were much higher than those of the cell membrance and cytoplasm (P< 0.01). Among the H2228 cell lines, the expression of IL-11 in cytoplasm was the highest and the expression of IL-11Rα was the highest in the cell nucleus (P< 0.01). Conclusion The expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rαare high in NSCLC cell lines, and it is good for the screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer by detecting the expressions of IL-11 and IL-11Rα.

Objective To investigate the reasons of repeated hospitalizations in school-age children with diabetes,and to explore the related interventions.Methods Based on purposive sampling,three endocrinologists from a Children's Hospital in Tianjin and the family members of 10 school-age children with diabetes were recruited into the study. A semi-structured depth interview was used to investigate the influence factors of the participants' compliance,acquisition of diabetes knowledge,and children's self-management. Claizzi phenomenological seven-step analysis was used to analyze data.Results Both the environmental factors and participants' attitudes would affect their compliance. The reasons of repeated hospitalizations included:insufficient knowledge and awareness of diabetes;lack of public education and concern;poor diet-control after discharge from hospital,inaccurate dose.Conclusions Intensive public education can be implemented through the internet to improve both knowledge and awareness of diabetes. Related health education should be strengthened to the children patients and their caregivers.