Objective To investigate the application value of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate(TAF)in patients with first-time hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis(HBV-DC)and its impact on renal function and lipid metabolism.Methods A total of 57 patients with first-time HBV-DC who were hospitalized and received TAF antiviral therapy in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022 were enrolled,and all of them received TAF antiviral therapy.Related data were collected at baseline and at weeks 12,24,and 48 of treatment,including virological and serological indicators,liver and renal function,serum phosphorus,and blood lipids.The paired t-test or single group repeated measures ANOVA were used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data,the Friedman test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data,and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data.Results A total of 52 patients completed the 48 weeks of follow-up.After 12,24,and 48 weeks of treatment,the patients achieving HBV DNA seroconversion accounted for 38.5%,63.5%,and 84.6%,respectively;the alanine aminotransferase normalization rate were 71.2%,82.7%,and 82.7%,respectively;the proportion of the patients with Child-Pugh class A disease increased to 55.8%,73.1%,and 92.3%,respectively.Within the 48 weeks of treatment,there were significant increases in the levels of cystatin C(χ2=35.163,P＜0.001)and serum phosphorus(F=8.600,P＜0.001)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(χ2=10.064,P=0.018).The ratio of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased continuously from 3.61(2.61～5.84)to 3.27(2.70～4.36)(χ2=5.000,P=0.172).Conclusion TAF can rapidly inhibit HBV replication and significantly improve liver function in HBV-DC patients,with no significant impact on renal function.However,blood lipid should be closely monitored.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a newly discovered adaptor protein in the innate immune system and plays an important role in innate immune response mediated by cytoplasmic DNA. Double-stranded DNA recognition receptors in cells are mediated by STING protein to produce type I interferon and other cytokines. Inadequate innate immune response and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immune response are important causes of chronic HBV infection. This article introduces the discovery of STING and the latest research advances in its structure, briefly elaborates on the mechanism of activation of the STING signaling pathway, summarizes the research advances in the interaction between the STING signaling pathway and HBV, and points out the potential value of STING in clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of two-stage delayed open reduction and internal fixation on Pilon fractures.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ Pilon fracture were analyzed retrospectively.According to the Ruedi-Allgower classification,there were 18 cases with type Ⅱand 20 cases with type Ⅲ fracture.All patients underwent temporary fixation with calcaneal traction or external fixation for 7 to 17 days,and then they were treated with delayed surgery when the soft tissue injuries subsided.Results Follow-up was performed for 10 to 18 months.Based on the Mazur classification,the ankle function in 12 cases was excellent,18 cases as good,6 cases as fair and 2 cases as poor,with a satisfactory rate of 78.9％.Conclusion Two-stage delayed open reduction and internal fixation is a reasonable and effective procedure in treating type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ Pilon fractures with advantages of few complications and satisfactory ankle function.

Objective To summarize the clinical results of treatment of tibia plateau fracture. Methods Forty-six cases of tibial plateau fractures were treated with operation from Oct. 2007 to Oct. 20l2 in General Hospital of PinGdinGshan Coal Industry Groud. AccordinG to Schatzker classification,6 cases were typeⅠ,8 were type Ⅱ,6 were type Ⅲ,4 were type Ⅳ,l2 were type Ⅴ,and l0 were type Ⅵ. Patients in type Ⅰwere treated with open reduction and fixation with screws,other types were treated with open reduction and internal fixation combined with anatomy or lockinG plates and screws. And bone Grafts were used when severe bone defect after reduction. Results Forty-six cases were followed up from 6 months to l8 months( averaGe 8. 5 months ) . AccordinG to the Rasmussen knee score standard,the satisfactory rate was 89. l%( 4l/46 ). Conclusion Different methods of operative treatment of tibia plateau fracture is recommended accordinG to the type of fractures,quality of the bone and the combination of injury. Soft tissue protection should always be kept in mind durinG operation. Delayed operation,Good restitution and fixation,early exercise of joint and late weiGht loadinG are the key factors in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture.

A fluorescence method is found for determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The method is based on the interaction of fluorescein with BSA to form a complex in Tris-HCl buffer of pH 2.2. The complex exitation wavelength is 467 nm, the emission wavelength is 515 nm. The linear measurement rang is between 1.8-500 mg/L for BSA, F = 26.776 C + 2.8082, r = 0.9999. This method is sensitive,steady,and low cost for determination of BSA.
Animals ; Cattle ; Drug Interactions ; Fluorescein ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

BACKGROUND: When central nervous system is injured, re-expression of nestin protein may enhance the anti-injury ability of cells and be advantageous to the repair of focus of injury.OBJECTIVE: To explore the reaction of nerve stem cell (NSC) in permanent brain ischemia through NSC migration and the change of nestin protein expression.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled verification research with experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: Anatomy teaching and research offices in a training school and a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was done in the Teaching and Research Office of Humane Anatomy in Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 1999 to January 2001. Totally 75 healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, experiment group and sham-operation group. Twenty-five animals were in each group. Heads of animals were cut and brain was got out at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28thdays after operation, 5 animals at each time.METHODS: The model was rats with permanent cerebral ischemia. Immunohistochemical dyeing methods were used to observe NSC migration,change of marker of NSC and nestin protein at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after cerebral ischemia.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Results of immunohostochemicaldyeing. ②Migration length of nestin+ cells in anterior subentricular zone (SZa) region of brain tissue at normal status and at different time points after cerebral ischemia. ③Number variation of nestin+ cells at different timepoits after ischemia near the ischemic region.RESULTS: Through nestin immunohistochemical dyeing, it was found that NSC in normal brain tissue mainly existed in subependymal zone (SEZ)region. NSC of SEZ migrated in the direction of ischemic region along ventri- corpus callosum after ischemia. Among them, it reached the farthest at the 7th day after ischemia. More nestin+ cells appeared near ischemic region at the 1st day, and then reduced little by little 3 days later.CONCLUSION: NSC has certain reactive ability to ischemic brain injury.Expression of nestin protein near ischemic region may be a kind of protection to injury.

[Objective]To reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by using ligament advanced reinforcement system(LARS),and to investigate the integration of LARS artificial ligament with bone interface in the animals with regard to imageology, biomechanics and histology.[Method]Twenty-four Boer goats were randomly divided into three groups. The animal mode of ACL reconstruction was established by clinical ACL reconstruction system. Gross observation was made, and histological, imageological and biomechanical changes were observed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed.[Result](1)At 4 weeks after surgery,ligament-bone interface had great amount of loose bindweb and infiltration of chronic inflammation cells. At 8 weeks after surgery, there was new bone formation. Part of samples had Sharpey fibers. At 12 weeks after surgery, Sharpey fibers.and a large number of fibroblasts were noted in the interface between LARS artificial ligament and bone interface. But calcified cartilage was not founded.(2)The imageology examination for group 3 was made at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The data were analyzed statistically by the image processing software of eflime,and there was evident statistical difference (P0.05 ) .[Conclusion]After ACL reconstruction by LARS artificial ligament, indirect connection developed via Sharpey fibers in bone tunnel at the end of LARS artificial ligament and bone interface. The integration of LARS artificial ligament with bone interface has been improved and its intensity is increased.