OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study. METHODS: Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province. RESULTS: The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE. CONCLUSION Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.
Humans ; Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Male ; Propensity Score ; Female ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Gastroenteritis/virology* ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Rotavirus

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

Objective To investigate the effects of ischemia time and storage periods on RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer(BC)and esophageal cancer(EC)tissue samples in order to establish evidence-based protocols for biobank sample management.Methods The tumor(T)and paired normal(N)tissue samples from 6 cases of BC and 6 cases of EC were collected and cryopreserved in Biobank,Shantou Central Hospital.Mirror paraffin-embedded tissues were simultaneously prepared into sections for morphological analysis.The samples were divided into two groups of<15 min and 15-30 min according to ischemia time,and RNA quality was analyzed at 4 storage periods of 8-10 months(T1),14-16 months(T2),26-28 months(T3)and 38-40 months(T4).Results In 96 analyzed samples,93.8%(90/96)exhibited high quality(RIN≥6),with 89.6%(43/48)in BC and 97.9%(47/48)in EC.Significant differences in RIN were observed between BC group and EC group(8.050 vs.8.600,P=0.009).In EC group,RIN value was significantly negatively correlated with RNA yield(P<0.001).Moreover,RIN values of tumor-normal pairs exhibited markedly significant differences(7.550 vs.9.000,P<0.001).In contrast,no significant difference was detected in BC group(8.200 vs.7.700,P=0.348).Statistical analysis showed that RIN value was positively correlated with 28S/18S(P<0.001),but had no correlation with tumor content(P=0.676)and necrotic content(P=0.055).Neither ischemia time(<15 min vs.15-30 min:8.200 vs.8.300,P=0.932)nor storage periods(T1-T4:8.400,7.700,8.450,8.600,P=0.163)compromised RNA quality.Conclusion Organ origin and tissue type could influence RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue samples.However,limited ischemia time(≤30 min)and long-term storage period(38-40 months)do not adversely affect RNA quality in fresh-frozen breast cancer and esophageal cancer tissue samples.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) response and outcome of ovarian cancer (OC) patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of breast cancer (BC). Methods: Thirty-nine OC patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of BC were included. The clinicopathological characteristics, PARPis response and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The median interval from BC to OC diagnosis was 115.3 months (range=6.4–310.1).A total of 38 patients (38/39, 97.4%) received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical removal. The majority of these patients were reported to be platinum sensitive (92.1%, 35/38).21 patients (53.8%) received PARPis treatment with 16 patients (76.2%) for maintenance treatment and 5 patients (5/21, 23.8%) for salvage treatment. The median duration for PARPis maintenance and salvage treatment was 14.9 months (range=2.0–56.9) and 8.2 months (range=5.2–20.7), respectively. In the entire cohort, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was 33.1% and 78.9%, respectively. Patients with BRCA1 mutation had a non-significantly worse 5-year PFS (28.6% vs. 45.8%, p=0.346) and 5-year OS (76.9% vs.83.3%, p=0.426) than those with BRCA2 mutation. In patients with stage III–IV (n=31), first line PARPis maintenance treatment associated with a non-significantly better PFS (median PFS: NR vs. 22.4 months; 5-year PFS: 64.3% vs. 21.9%, p=0.096). Conclusion The current study shows that these patients may have a good response to platinum-based chemotherapy and a favorable survival. And these patients can benefit from PARPis treatment and will likely be suitable candidates for PARPis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) response and outcome of ovarian cancer (OC) patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of breast cancer (BC). Methods: Thirty-nine OC patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of BC were included. The clinicopathological characteristics, PARPis response and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The median interval from BC to OC diagnosis was 115.3 months (range=6.4–310.1).A total of 38 patients (38/39, 97.4%) received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical removal. The majority of these patients were reported to be platinum sensitive (92.1%, 35/38).21 patients (53.8%) received PARPis treatment with 16 patients (76.2%) for maintenance treatment and 5 patients (5/21, 23.8%) for salvage treatment. The median duration for PARPis maintenance and salvage treatment was 14.9 months (range=2.0–56.9) and 8.2 months (range=5.2–20.7), respectively. In the entire cohort, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was 33.1% and 78.9%, respectively. Patients with BRCA1 mutation had a non-significantly worse 5-year PFS (28.6% vs. 45.8%, p=0.346) and 5-year OS (76.9% vs.83.3%, p=0.426) than those with BRCA2 mutation. In patients with stage III–IV (n=31), first line PARPis maintenance treatment associated with a non-significantly better PFS (median PFS: NR vs. 22.4 months; 5-year PFS: 64.3% vs. 21.9%, p=0.096). Conclusion The current study shows that these patients may have a good response to platinum-based chemotherapy and a favorable survival. And these patients can benefit from PARPis treatment and will likely be suitable candidates for PARPis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) response and outcome of ovarian cancer (OC) patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of breast cancer (BC). Methods: Thirty-nine OC patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation and a history of BC were included. The clinicopathological characteristics, PARPis response and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The median interval from BC to OC diagnosis was 115.3 months (range=6.4–310.1).A total of 38 patients (38/39, 97.4%) received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical removal. The majority of these patients were reported to be platinum sensitive (92.1%, 35/38).21 patients (53.8%) received PARPis treatment with 16 patients (76.2%) for maintenance treatment and 5 patients (5/21, 23.8%) for salvage treatment. The median duration for PARPis maintenance and salvage treatment was 14.9 months (range=2.0–56.9) and 8.2 months (range=5.2–20.7), respectively. In the entire cohort, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was 33.1% and 78.9%, respectively. Patients with BRCA1 mutation had a non-significantly worse 5-year PFS (28.6% vs. 45.8%, p=0.346) and 5-year OS (76.9% vs.83.3%, p=0.426) than those with BRCA2 mutation. In patients with stage III–IV (n=31), first line PARPis maintenance treatment associated with a non-significantly better PFS (median PFS: NR vs. 22.4 months; 5-year PFS: 64.3% vs. 21.9%, p=0.096). Conclusion The current study shows that these patients may have a good response to platinum-based chemotherapy and a favorable survival. And these patients can benefit from PARPis treatment and will likely be suitable candidates for PARPis.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)on macular retinal thickness in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 30 patients(30 eyes)with PACG in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were selected as the PACG group, and 20 healthy people(20 eyes)were selected as the control group(randomly selected one eye)during the same period. The PACG group received LPI treatment and was followed up for 1mo after surgery. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cells, anterior chamber depth(ACD)and axial length(AL)measured by IOL Master 500 optical measuring instrument and macular retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)in both groups were collected. The ACD, intraocular pressure, AL and macular retinal thickness were compared between the two groups and the PACG group before and after LPI, and the correlation was analyzed.RESULTS: The ACD in the PACG group at 1wk and 1mo after surgery was deeper than that before surgery(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure and AL in the PACG group before and after surgery(all P>0.05). The retinal thickness at central fovea of macula, the superior side, temporal side, inferior side, and nasal side of the inner and outer central macular rings were 243.50±13.24, 324.50±13.46, 308.83±15.94, 310.00±14.24, 314.50±16.29, 300.67±19.95, 290.17±12.58, 302.40±16.37 and 307.33±14.84μm in the PACG group, respectively, and were 266.14±16.16, 342.67±15.86, 327.95±16.41, 337.85±13.03, 341.24±15.58, 313.76±17.59, 290.24±16.29, 303.81±13.91, 323.01±14.80μm in the control group, respectively. The differences at central fovea of macula, the superior side, temporal side, inferior side, and nasal side of the inner central macular rings were statistically significant between the two groups(all P<0.05). In the PACG group, the retinal thickness at 9 areas of macular in 1wk after operation were higher than those before operation, and they were close to the preoperative level at 1mo after operation, but the differences of each area in the overall comparison were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The macular retinal thickness of patients with PACG is thinner than that of normal people, and it can become thicker in the early stage after LPI.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on threshold of pain, gait, proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and to explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture in promoting the repair of acute injury of skeletal muscle. METHODS: A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (6 rats), a model group (24 rats) and an electroacupuncture group (18 rats). In the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the model of acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle was established by self-made impactor. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at "Chengshan" (BL 57) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) on the right side, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, once a day, 30 min each time. Electroacupuncture intervention was performed for 3, 7 and 14 days according to the sampling time. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling, the mechanical withdrawal pain threshold of hindfoot was detected by Von Frey method; the standing time and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot were recorded by Cat Walk XT^TM animal gait analysis instrument; the morphology of the right gastrocnemius muscle and the number of inflammatory cells were observed by HE staining; the positive expression of paired box gene 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) of the right gastrocnemius muscle was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: After modeling, the muscle fiber rupture and massive infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were observed in the right gastrocnemius muscle; after electroacupuncture intervention, the morphology of muscle fiber was intact and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was improved. Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold between the left and right foot were increased (P<0.05), the standing time was shortened and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was decreased (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells and the positive expression of Pax7 and MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle were increased (P<0.05) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling. Compared with the model group, in the electroacupuncture group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold were decreased (P<0.05), the standing time was prolonged (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells of right gastrocnemius muscle was decreased (P<0.05) on the 7th and 14th days after modeling; the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was increased (P<0.05), the positive expression of MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling; the positive expression of Pax7 of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd day after modeling. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the pain threshold and gait in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury, the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Pax7 and MyoD, so as to promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell.
Animals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ; Electroacupuncture ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Gait ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; Pain ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation

OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of the home literacy environment on children's emotional regulation skills and the mediating role of the parent-child relationship between them. METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to select 1 626 preschool children from five kindergartens in Nanjing. Questionnaires were used to collect detailed information on the home literacy environment, children's emotional regulation skills, and the parent-child relationship. A mediation model was established using the Process program in SPSS macro, and the significance of the mediation effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. RESULTS: The findings revealed a positive correlation between the home literacy environment and children's emotional regulation skills (r=0.217, P<0.001), as well as parent-child intimacy (r=0.065, P<0.01). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between the home literacy environment and parent-child conflict (r=-0.129, P<0.001). Additionally, parent-child conflict demonstrated a negative correlation with children's emotional regulation skills (r=-0.443, P<0.001), while parent-child intimacy exhibited a positive correlation (r=0.247, P<0.001). The home literacy environment exerted a significant direct effect on children's emotional regulation skills (β=0.162, P<0.001), and the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship accounted for 25.54% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS The home literacy environment significantly influences children's emotional regulation skills, with the parent-child relationship partially mediating this relationship.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Literacy ; Reading ; Emotional Regulation ; Parent-Child Relations ; Educational Status

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious ; Sexual Development