As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

As a physical treatment technique, modified electro-convulsive therapy (MECT) is used to treat mental and certain neurological disorders by causing seizures with short, suitable electrical currents applied to the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia and muscle relaxants. MECT is recognized for its therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety, rendering it one of the most prevalent interventions in psychiatric care. To enhance clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects, this consensus document delineates the indications, therapeutic parameters, therapeutic procedures, potential adverse effects, and associated management strategies for MECT. These guidelines are informed by the latest clinical research and expert consensus, integrating evidence-based medicine methodologies. The objective is to furnish clinicians with precise operational guidelines and to advance the standardization of MECT practices in clinical settings.

Objective Data mining technology was used to mine the medication rules of the prescriptions used in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis by Chinese medical master XUAN Guo-Wei.Methods The medical records of effective cases of pediatric atopic dermatitis treated by Professor XUAN Guo-Wei at outpatient clinic were collected,and then the medical data were statistically analyzed using frequency statistics,association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results A total of 242 prescriptions were included,involving 101 Chinese medicinals.There were 23 commonly-used herbs,and the 16 high-frequency herbs(frequency＞100 times)were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Saposhnikoviae Radix,Glehniae Radix,Perillae Folium,Ophiopogonis Radix,Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma,Microctis Folium,Dictamni Cortex,Scrophulariae Radix,Coicis Semen,Cicadae Periostracum,Lilii Bulbus,Rehmanniae Radix,Kochiae Fructus,Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis,and Euryales Semen.The analysis of the medicinal properties showed that most of the herbs were sweet and cold,and mainly had the meridian tropism of the spleen,stomach and liver meridians.The association rule analysis yielded 24 commonly-used drug combinations and 20 association rules.Cluster analysis yielded 2 core drug combinations.Conclusion For the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis,Professor XUAN Guo-Wei focuses on the clearing,supplementing and harmonizing therapies,and the medication principle of"supporting the healthy-qi to eliminate the pathogen,and balancing the yin and yang"is applied throughout the treatment.

Aim To rapidly prepare and purify hydrogen sulfide specific fluorescent probe (WSP-5), establish and optimize the fluorescent probe method for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in animal tissues, and verify the applicability of the method in the model of malignant pleural effusion. Methods The preparation solvent of fluorescent probe reaction solution, DMSO addition volume, pH, reaction solution solvent and reaction solution volume, sample pretreatment temperature, grinding times, and standing time after grinding were investigated. The mouses model of malignant pleural effusion was established with S-180 ascites tumor cells, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in various organs and tissues of the model animal was measured. Results After optimization, silica gel and dextran gel were used as stationary phases, dichloromethane methanol formic acid (60: 1: 0.1, V/V/V) and dichloromethane methanol (1: 1, V/V) were used as eluents for separation and purification, and the first eluting component was taken to prepare WSP-5 with a purity of more than 700 mg. Animal tissue samples and sodium hydrosulfide standard solution were added with 5 times of cold reaction solution, after low temperature vibration grinding, highspeed centrifugation, the supernatant was incubated in dark for 12 hours, the fluorescence intensity was measured by fluorescent microplate reader. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was calculated according to the standard curve. The LOD of this method was about 0. 6 |JLmol • L

To investigate the effect of cantharidin ( CTD) on platelet function and the mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation. Methods Washed platelets were collected from the venous blood of healthy volunteers. The effect of CTD on platelet aggregation and release was determined by aggregometer. The CTD concentration was 2.5 ,5 ,10 μmol • L

Humans ; RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics* ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/pathology* ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics*

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Chinese medicinal preparation that has been widely used in the treatment of various types of cancers in the past two decades. However, the pharmacological effect of CKI on bladder cancer is not still completely understood. In the current study, network pharmacology combined with bioinformatics was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism and potential targets of CKI in bladder cancer. The mechanism by which CKI was effective against bladder cancer was further verified in vitro using human bladder cancer cell line T24. Network pharmacology analysis identified 35 active compounds and 268 target genes of CKI. Bioinformatics data indicated 5500 differentially expressed genes associated with bladder cancer. Common genes of CKI and bladder cancer suggested that CKI exerted anti-bladder cancer effects by regulating genes such as MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CKI exerted therapeutic effects on bladder cancer by regulating certain biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell apoptosis. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis implicated pathways related to cancer, bladder cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, cell experiments indicated that CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration of T24 cells, and induced their apoptosis. Moreover, RT-qPCR and Western blot results demonstrated that CKI was likely to treat bladder cancer by down-regulating the gene and protein expression of MMP-9, JUN, EGFR, and ERK1. CKI inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced the apoptosis of T24 bladder cancer cells through multiple biological pathways and targets. CKI also exhibited significant effects on the regulation of key genes and proteins associated with bladder cancer. Overall, our findings provide solid evidence and deepen current understanding of the therapeutic effects of CKI for bladder cancer, and further support its clinical use.
Computational Biology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Network Pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Hunan Province, China, from 2008 to 2019, as well as its spatial autocorrelation characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of HFMD in Hunan Province. METHODS: Spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal clustering analyses were used to analyze the monitoring data of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019. RESULTS: The epidemic situation of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019 showed obvious seasonal distribution, with a low incidence rate in January to March and a high incidence rate in April to July. As for population distribution, children aged 0-5 years had the highest number of HFMD cases and accounted for 95.89% (1 460 391/1 522 910) of all cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 2 197.784/100 000, and scattered children had the highest number of cases and accounted for 82.59% (1 257 739/1 522 910) of all cases. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the onset of HFMD in Hunan Province showed a significant clustering distribution, and the local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high clustering areas of HFMD were mainly the districts and counties of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Yueyang cities. Time-space scanning showed that clustering time was mainly April to July; the cases were clustered in the northeast of Hunan Province from 2008 to 2010 and in the central part of Hunan Province from 2011 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence rate of HFMD is observed in April to July in Hunan Province. Children under 5 years of age are at a high risk of this disease. Spatial-temporal clustering is observed for the epidemic of HFMD, mainly clustered in the northeastern and central areas of Hunan Province. It is suggested that the results may be used as guidance to determine the key areas for HFMD prevention and control in Hunan Province and optimize the allocation of health resources.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cluster Analysis ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Objective To establish the premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) rat model with cyclophosphamide (CTX),and investigate the effects and mechanism of CTX on the ovarian structure and function.Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model group and control group.Rats in model group received intraperitoneal injection of loading dose CTX (50mg/kg),and maintenance dose of 8mg/(kg.d) for 14 days.Rats in the control group were given the same amount of saline during the same period.The modeling effects were judged by observation and comparison of estrous cycle,levels of sex hormone and morphological changes of organs between the two groups;the apoptosis of follicular granulose cell were detected by TUNEL,the contents of inflammatory cytokines in tissue homogenates were detected by ELISA,and the expressions of apoptosis related proteins were measured by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group,the estrous cycle in model group was disordered;the levels of serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and estrogen (E2) decreased significantly (P＜0.01) and those of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased markedly (P＜0.01);the quantity of follicles decreased obviously (P＜0.05);the endometrium atrophied,the uterine wall thinned and the glands decreased in number.Compared with the control group,the apoptosis of follicular granulose cells increased in model group;the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the tissue homogenate increased significantly (P＜0.01),the contents of vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF-α) decreased markedly (P＜0.01);the expression of apoptosis related protein Bax was up-regulated remarkably (P＜0.01),while of Bcl-2 was down-regulated obviously (P＜0.01).Conclusion CTX may induce the changes of ovary structure and endocrine function,and the mechanism may be related to the local microenvironment changes and the imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in regulating the apoptosis of granulose cells.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from patients in emergency department of Peking University First Hospital from 2012 to 2015.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with Kirby-Bauer or automated instrument method.The results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to CLSI 2015 breakpoints.Results Of the 1283 clinical isolates,gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria accounted for 30.6％ and 69.4％ respectively.The 5 most common bacteria were Escherichia coli (18.4％),Acinetobacter baumannii (15.2％),Staphylococcus aureus(13.3％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.7％),Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.8％).Methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) accounted for 75.6％ and 83.1％.No Staphylococcal strain resistant to vancomycin,linezolid was detected.The resistance rate of E.faecalis strains to most of the antimicrobial agents tested was much lower than that of E.faecium.Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains accounted for 64.8％ and 40.5％ in E.coli and Klebsiellaspp respectively.The resistance rates of P.aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were 30.1％ and 28.4％.About 83.5％ and 83.0％ of A.baumannii were resistant to imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion The clinical isolated bacteria had high resistance to antibiotics.The detection rates of MRSA,vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus,extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,extensively drug-resistant A.baumannii and extensively drug-resistant P.aeruginosa were high,which brought some challenges to clinical treatment.