Objective Magnetoreception, the remarkable ability of diverse animals to sense and utilize the geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation, remains a molecularly unresolved mystery in sensory biology. The putative magnetoreceptor (MagR, previously known as IscA1) is a highly conserved iron-sulfur protein implicated in both magnetoreception and iron metabolism; however, the functional diversity among its cross-species homologs remains poorly understood. Cellular morphology is a key genetically determined trait that can be altered through genetic or environmental modifications—a process known as cell morphology engineering. Constructing engineered cells with specific morphological features and magnetic sensitivity to achieve remote, non-invasive magnetic modulation represents a crucial goal in this field with significant application potential. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate the effects of MagR heterologous expression on bacterial morphology and magnetic sensing capabilities, screen for MagR-based magnetically sensitive morphology engineering pathways, and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods We systematically screened 28 MagR homologous genes from diverse prokaryotic and animal taxa to evaluate their expression and corresponding phenotypic effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli). To compare the differential magnetic responses among bacteria expressing various recombinant MagR proteins, we utilized high-throughput automated bright-field microscopic imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterizations of iron and iron-sulfur cluster binding were performed using Ferrozine colorimetric assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Additionally, 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure experiments were conducted to assess magnetically tunable phenotypes, while the intrinsic magnetic properties of purified MagR proteins were directly measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Results Our results demonstrated that the heterologous expression of MagR homologs induced varying degrees of bacterial filamentation. From this comprehensive screen, two distinct morphological patterns were identified: hydra (Hydra vulgaris) MagR (hyMagR) promoted uniform cell elongation and filamentation, exhibiting robust magnetic sensitivity manifested as significantly enhanced filamentation under the 100 mT SMF. In contrast, pigeon (Columba livia) MagR (clMagR) induced only low-frequency, extreme filamentation (sporadically exceeding 80 μm) with a relatively weaker magnetic morphological response. Mechanistically, our data unambiguously proved that these phenotypic differences are primarily driven by distinct iron redox preferences rather than total cellular iron accumulation. Specifically, hyMagR preferentially binds ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), whereas clMagR favors ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and forms more stable iron-sulfur clusters. Intriguingly, although SQUID magnetometry showed that purified clMagR exhibited approximately five-fold higher mass magnetic susceptibility than hyMagR, its cellular magnetic response was weaker. We hypothesize that the Fe²⁺-preferred intracellular environment associated with hyMagR overexpression primes the cell for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Exposure to an SMF synergizes with this primed redox state, triggering the bacterial SOS response and upregulating cell division inhibitors to efficiently induce uniform filamentation. Conclusion Our findings identify the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox state as a critical determinant of MagR-mediated morphological remodeling and magnetic responsiveness. This discovery suggests a potential strategy for engineering magnetically responsive cellular systems for synthetic biology applications, and provides a plausible framework, which potentially combines intrinsic protein magnetism with redox-state modulation, for further investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of MagR-mediated magnetoreception.

Objective Magnetoreception, the remarkable ability of diverse animals to sense and utilize the geomagnetic field for orientation and navigation, remains a molecularly unresolved mystery in sensory biology. The putative magnetoreceptor (MagR, previously known as IscA1) is a highly conserved iron-sulfur protein implicated in both magnetoreception and iron metabolism; however, the functional diversity among its cross-species homologs remains poorly understood. Cellular morphology is a key genetically determined trait that can be altered through genetic or environmental modifications—a process known as cell morphology engineering. Constructing engineered cells with specific morphological features and magnetic sensitivity to achieve remote, non-invasive magnetic modulation represents a crucial goal in this field with significant application potential. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate the effects of MagR heterologous expression on bacterial morphology and magnetic sensing capabilities, screen for MagR-based magnetically sensitive morphology engineering pathways, and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods We systematically screened 28 MagR homologous genes from diverse prokaryotic and animal taxa to evaluate their expression and corresponding phenotypic effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli). To compare the differential magnetic responses among bacteria expressing various recombinant MagR proteins, we utilized high-throughput automated bright-field microscopic imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterizations of iron and iron-sulfur cluster binding were performed using Ferrozine colorimetric assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Additionally, 100 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure experiments were conducted to assess magnetically tunable phenotypes, while the intrinsic magnetic properties of purified MagR proteins were directly measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Results Our results demonstrated that the heterologous expression of MagR homologs induced varying degrees of bacterial filamentation. From this comprehensive screen, two distinct morphological patterns were identified: hydra (Hydra vulgaris) MagR (hyMagR) promoted uniform cell elongation and filamentation, exhibiting robust magnetic sensitivity manifested as significantly enhanced filamentation under the 100 mT SMF. In contrast, pigeon (Columba livia) MagR (clMagR) induced only low-frequency, extreme filamentation (sporadically exceeding 80 μm) with a relatively weaker magnetic morphological response. Mechanistically, our data unambiguously proved that these phenotypic differences are primarily driven by distinct iron redox preferences rather than total cellular iron accumulation. Specifically, hyMagR preferentially binds ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), whereas clMagR favors ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and forms more stable iron-sulfur clusters. Intriguingly, although SQUID magnetometry showed that purified clMagR exhibited approximately five-fold higher mass magnetic susceptibility than hyMagR, its cellular magnetic response was weaker. We hypothesize that the Fe²⁺-preferred intracellular environment associated with hyMagR overexpression primes the cell for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Exposure to an SMF synergizes with this primed redox state, triggering the bacterial SOS response and upregulating cell division inhibitors to efficiently induce uniform filamentation. Conclusion Our findings identify the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox state as a critical determinant of MagR-mediated morphological remodeling and magnetic responsiveness. This discovery suggests a potential strategy for engineering magnetically responsive cellular systems for synthetic biology applications, and provides a plausible framework, which potentially combines intrinsic protein magnetism with redox-state modulation, for further investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of MagR-mediated magnetoreception.

Objective:To explore the application effect of integrated root cause analysis (RCA) in the analysis of approximate administration error events, and to provide reference for the management of clinical approximate administration error events.Methods:A non-synchronous pre-and post-control study was conducted. The data of 3 cases of approximate error events of drug administration in the Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The integrated RCA was used to find out the proximal causes, and the system diagram and problem tree analysis were used to determine the root causes. The improvement measures were formulated through barrier analysis, including improving the safety barrier of hospital information system (HIS), updating the database of drug instructions in the Department of Cardiology, standardizing the barrier of nurses′ treatment and examination of medical orders, and visual management barrier. The integrated RCA improvement measures were applied to the management of approximate error events of drug administration. The improvement effect was evaluated by comparing the number of adverse events of medication errors before improvement (January to September 2021) and after improvement (September 2023 to May 2024), the error rate of HIS drug orders, the number of drug interceptions in pharmacies, the processing time of doctors′ HIS orders, and the qualified rate of medical staff 's drug knowledge assessment.Results:There were 32 medical staff in the department of cardiology before improvement, including 6 males and 26 females, aged (31.03 ± 4.29) years old. After improvement, 30 medical staff, 6 males and 24 females, aged (31.20 ± 4.37) years old. After the implementation of integrated RCA improvement, the number of adverse events of medication errors decreased from 3 cases before improvement to 0 cases after improvement. The error rate of HIS drug orders decreased from 11.83%(11/93) before improvement to 2.74%(2/73) after improvement. Improve the pre-audit system without pharmacy drug delivery interception function, improve the pre-application drug information 6 990, the number of drug interception was 0; after improvement, 7 782 pieces of drug information were claimed, and the number of drug interceptions was 78. The difference before and after improvement was statistically significant ( χ2=68.54, P<0.05). After the improvement, the doctor′s HIS doctor′s order processing time including admission, discharge, preoperative, postoperative, examination and medication, and temporary doctor′s order processing time were (1.14 ± 0.41), (1.37 ± 0.30), (0.43 ± 0.11), (0.51 ± 0.11), (0.40 ± 0.10) and (0.51 ± 0.14) min, respectively. They were lower than (4.07 ± 0.70), (3.69 ± 0.60), (1.44 ± 0.24), (2.10 ± 0.45), (1.41 ± 0.28) and (1.44 ± 0.29) min before improvement, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 15.21-21.42, all P<0.05). The qualified rate of drug knowledge examination of medical staff increased from 81.25%(26/32) before improvement to 100.00%(30/30) after improvement, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of integrated RCA to analyze the approximate error events of drug administration is helpful to identify the system defects in the workflow of electronic medical order administration more comprehensively, improve work efficiency and ensure the quality and safety of medical care.

Objective To investigate influencing factors of textbook outcome(TO)in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy(MIPD).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 101 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with MIPD in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,89 cases were ultimately included in this study,of which 61 cases reached TO(TO group)and 28 cases did not reach TO(non-TO group).Variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent prognostic factors of TO.Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in pancreatic duct dilation>3 mm,preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR),extended hospital stay,postoperative hospitalstay,and drain fluid amylase(DFA)>1100 U/L at1-3 d aftersurgery(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors affecting TO were:pancreatic duct dilation>3 mm(OR=7.290,95%CI:1.485-35.786,P=0.014),postoperative hospital stay(OR=0.862,95%CI:0.751-0.989,P=0.034),and the DFA on the first postoperative day>1100 U/L(OR=0.052,95%CI:0.005-0.545,P=0.014).Conclusions The outcome of TO in patients after MIPD is not related to the surgical approach(robot assisted minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy).Pancreatic duct dilation>3 mm,postoperative hospital stay,and DFA on the first postoperative day>1100 U/L are independent prognostic factors of TO after MIPD in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To explore the application effect of integrated root cause analysis (RCA) in the analysis of approximate administration error events, and to provide reference for the management of clinical approximate administration error events.Methods:A non-synchronous pre-and post-control study was conducted. The data of 3 cases of approximate error events of drug administration in the Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The integrated RCA was used to find out the proximal causes, and the system diagram and problem tree analysis were used to determine the root causes. The improvement measures were formulated through barrier analysis, including improving the safety barrier of hospital information system (HIS), updating the database of drug instructions in the Department of Cardiology, standardizing the barrier of nurses′ treatment and examination of medical orders, and visual management barrier. The integrated RCA improvement measures were applied to the management of approximate error events of drug administration. The improvement effect was evaluated by comparing the number of adverse events of medication errors before improvement (January to September 2021) and after improvement (September 2023 to May 2024), the error rate of HIS drug orders, the number of drug interceptions in pharmacies, the processing time of doctors′ HIS orders, and the qualified rate of medical staff 's drug knowledge assessment.Results:There were 32 medical staff in the department of cardiology before improvement, including 6 males and 26 females, aged (31.03 ± 4.29) years old. After improvement, 30 medical staff, 6 males and 24 females, aged (31.20 ± 4.37) years old. After the implementation of integrated RCA improvement, the number of adverse events of medication errors decreased from 3 cases before improvement to 0 cases after improvement. The error rate of HIS drug orders decreased from 11.83%(11/93) before improvement to 2.74%(2/73) after improvement. Improve the pre-audit system without pharmacy drug delivery interception function, improve the pre-application drug information 6 990, the number of drug interception was 0; after improvement, 7 782 pieces of drug information were claimed, and the number of drug interceptions was 78. The difference before and after improvement was statistically significant ( χ2=68.54, P<0.05). After the improvement, the doctor′s HIS doctor′s order processing time including admission, discharge, preoperative, postoperative, examination and medication, and temporary doctor′s order processing time were (1.14 ± 0.41), (1.37 ± 0.30), (0.43 ± 0.11), (0.51 ± 0.11), (0.40 ± 0.10) and (0.51 ± 0.14) min, respectively. They were lower than (4.07 ± 0.70), (3.69 ± 0.60), (1.44 ± 0.24), (2.10 ± 0.45), (1.41 ± 0.28) and (1.44 ± 0.29) min before improvement, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 15.21-21.42, all P<0.05). The qualified rate of drug knowledge examination of medical staff increased from 81.25%(26/32) before improvement to 100.00%(30/30) after improvement, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of integrated RCA to analyze the approximate error events of drug administration is helpful to identify the system defects in the workflow of electronic medical order administration more comprehensively, improve work efficiency and ensure the quality and safety of medical care.

Objective To comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia(PBMAH)and adrenal cortisol-producing Adenoma(CPA),and enhance the understanding of two diseases.Methods The clinical data of 85 PBMAH patients(PBMAH group)and 195 CPA patients(CPA group)diagnosed at Department of Endocrinology,the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,from September 2014 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The demographic characteristics,comorbidities,biochemical indicators,adrenocorticotropic hormone-cortisol(ACTH-F)levels,and adrenal imaging features and treatment conditions were compared between the two groups.Results(1)General characteristics:Compared with CPA group,PBMAH group had older age at diagnosis and a higher proportion of male patients.(2)Clinical characteristics:Compared with CPA group,PBMAH group had a longer disease duration,a higher proportion of subclinical Cushing's syndrome(CS),and a higher proportion of hypertension,impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes,bone mass reduction or osteoporosis,with higher serum potassium levels,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).(3)Hormone levels:Both PBMAH and CPA groups showed ACTH-F rhythm disorder,significantly increased cortisol levels and suppressed ACTH.Compared with PBMAH group,CPA group had stronger autonomous cortisol secretion ability,manifested by increased midnight serum cortisol(F0:00),16:00 serum cortisol(F16:00),24-hour urinary free cortisol(24 h UFC)levels and lower 8:00 serum ACTH(ACTH8:00)and 16:00 serum ACTH(ACTH16:00)(P<0.01).After low-dose dexamethasone suppression test(LDDST),CPA group showed lower suppression rates of ACTH and cortisol,and higher proportions of paradoxical elevation in serum cortisol and 24 h UFC compared with PBMAH(P<0.01).Conclusions PBMAH has a longer disease course and higher proportions of comorbid metabolic disorders than CPA,mostly manifested as subclinical Cushing's syndrome.CPA has stronger autonomous cortisol secretion ability,with cortisol less likely to be suppressed after LDDST and more obvious paradoxical elevation of cortisol and 24 h UFC.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of adrenal cortical carcinoma(ACC),compare differences between hypercortisolism and non-functional ACC,and assess the diagnostic value of indicators such as Ki-67 index.Methods The clinical data of 57 ACC patients admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of endocrine function assessment,47 of these patients were divided into hypercortisolism group(n=19)and non-functional group(n=28).The differences in clinical and pathological characteristics between the two groups were compared,and non-parametric tests and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between Ki-67 index and tumor stage as well as imaging features.Results Among the 57 patients,there were 20 males and 37 females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.85.The age ranged from 16 to 76 years,and the age at diagnosis was(48.7±13.3)years.The tumor diameter was(10.53±4.14)cm.The tumors were located on the right side in 12 cases(21.1%),on the left side in 34 cases(59.6%),and bilaterally in 11 cases(19.3%).Among them,16 cases(28.1%)were complicated with glucose metabolism disorders,31 cases(54.3%)had hypertension,and 20 cases(35.1%)had hypokalemia.According to ENSAT staging,there were 0 cases in stage Ⅰ,15 cases(26.3%)in stage Ⅱ,24 cases(42.1%)in stage Ⅲ,and 18 cases(31.6%)in stage Ⅳ.Endocrine function assessment was completed in 47 of the 57 patients,including 28 cases(59.6%)of non-functional ACC and 19 cases(40.4%)of hypercortisolism(including 1 case of hypercortisolism combined with increased sex hormone secretion).Compared with non-functional group,hypercortisolism group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension(P=0.014),later ENSAT stage(P=0.010),and a higher proportion of hypervascularization(P=0.048).The median Ki-67 index was 20%(10%-40%),showing no significant correlation with either the maximum tumor diameter or SUVmax value,but it was related to ENSAT staging,with Ki-67 index in stageⅣ patients being significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ(P=0.032).Immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive rate of Inhibin-α was 84.8%,and the positive rate of Melan-A was 40.9%.Conclusions ACC is a rare malignant endocrine tumor.ACC patients with hypercortisolism are more likely to be complicated with hypertension,have later staging,and more common hypervascular manifestations.Clinically,their endocrine function should be prioritized for assessment,and more active treatment strategies should be adopted.Diagnosis should be combined with imaging characteristics(such as hypervascularization)and immunohistochemical indicators(Ki-67,Inhibin-α,Melan-A).The significant increase in Ki-67 is in the advanced stage can serve as an important prognostic indicator to guide individualized treatment.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional bionic model of intestinal mucosal structure in vitro.Methods Using fibroin protein with villous-crypt structure as scaffold and Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 as seed cells,the intestinal mucosal epithelial-myofibroblast co-culture model was constructed by three-dimensional co-culture with myofibroblasts in vitro.The growth,activity,histological characteristics and expression of functional genes of model cells were investigated through the detection of cell signature proteins and genes.Results 1.An intestinal mucosal epithelial-myofibroblast co-culture model was successfully constructed with good cell activity.2.Mucous secretion increased and muc2 gene expression was up-regulated in the co-culture model.Conclusion The co-culture of intestinal mucosal epithelial-myofibroblasts with villous-crypt structure can promote the functional differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and better simulate the structure and function of intestinal mucosa in vivo.

To analyze the ethnic differences in the genotype distribution of thalassemia between the Han and Li ethnic groups in the Qiongnan region (southern Hainan). A cross-sectional study employing a stratified multistage sampling method was conducted from January 2019 to December 2023. A total of 4 493 high-risk individuals (2 734 Han and 1 759 Li) from southern Hainan (including Sanya, Ledong, Baoting, Lingshui, and other counties) underwent thalassemia genetic testing. The genotype distribution was statistically analyzed. Inter-group comparisons were performed using χ2 test or Fisher′s exact test. The results showed an overall thalassemia positivity rate of 66.70% (2 997/4 493), with carrier, intermediate and major thalassemia rates of 62.01% (2 786/4 493), 3.98% (179/4 493) and 0.71% (32/4 493), respectively. The positivity rates for thalassemia were 87.83% (1 545/1 759) in the Li ethnic group and 53.11% (1 452/2 734) in the Han ethnic group. Among them, the Li ethnic group exhibited significantly higher positivity rates for α-thalassemia (71.12% vs. 40.64%, χ2=398.90, P<0.001) and α/β-compound thalassemia (13.36% vs. 3.33%, χ2=160.06, P<0.001) compared to the Han ethnic group, whereas the Han ethnic group had a higher β-thalassemia rate (9.14% vs. 3.35%, χ2=56.03, P<0.001). Both ethnic groups shared common α-thalassemia alleles (-α 3.7 and -α 4.2), but the -- SEA allele proportion was significantly higher in Han (21.33% vs. 4.34%, χ2=231.45, P<0.001). Six rare -α 21.9 mutations (0.26%) were exclusively identified in the Li ethnic group, whereas none were found in Han. For β-thalassemia, the β CD41-42 allele was predominant in Li (96.60% vs. 71.01%, χ2=77.24, P<0.001), whereas other alleles (β IVS-II-654, β CD71-72, β CD17, and β -28) were more prevalent in Han (11.01%, 6.96%, 4.64%, and 3.19% vs. 1.54%, 0.00%, 0.31%, and 0.62%, respectively),all P<0.05. In conclusion, distinct ethnic disparities in thalassemia genotype distribution are observed in southern Hainan. The Li ethnic group is predominantly characterized by α-thalassemia and α/β-compound genotypes with a predominant β CD41-42 mutation. In contrast, the Han ethnic group displays higher -- SEA proportion and heterogeneous β-thalassemia genotypes.

Streptococcus equinus is a zoonotic disease that can cause illness in various animals under specific environmental condi-tions.No reports have described isolation of this bacterium from the liver in affected sheep.This study successfully isolated and identi-fied a strain of Streptococcus equinus through bacterial isolation and culture,Gram staining,drug sensitivity testing,mouse sensitivity testing,bacterial biochemical testing,and whole genome sequencing.The strain was found to have pathogenicity toward Kunming white mice,and to be sensitive to four antibiotics(penicillin,ampicillin,ceftiofur sodium,and ceftriaxone sodium)but resistant to four antibiotics(streptomycin,amoxicillin,tetracycline,and gentamicin).On the basis of drug sensitivity testing,targeted treatment of the affected sheep flock with ceftiofur sodium effectively controlled the disease within 2 days,and no new cases occurred.This study provides a reference for biological characterization of ovine Streptococcus equinus;public health;and the investigation of disease pre-vention,control,and epidemiology.