Bacillus mycoides JA20-1 was screened and identified as a biocontrol bacterium with a high capacity for producing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the laboratory. This strain had significant inhibitory effects on various postharvest disease pathogens in crops, such as Botrytis cinerea, as well as soil-borne disease pathogens in ginseng, such as Sclerotinia ginseng. In order to accelerate its industrialization process, in this study, single-factor experiments and response surface optimization methods were used. The fermentation medium and fermentation conditions in the shake flask of strain JA20-1 were systematically optimized by using cell production volume as the response variable. Meanwhile, the biocontrol effect of JA20-1 on B. cinerea of ginseng during the storage period was evaluated by using the method of fumigation in a dry dish in vitro. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation medium formulation for strain JA20-1 was as follows: 1% yeast paste, 1% soluble starch, 0.25% K_2HPO_4·3H_2O, and 0.2% NaCl. The optimal fermentation conditions in the shake flask were vaccination size of 3%, culture volume of 50 mL in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, pH of 6.2, fermentation temperature of 34 ℃, shaking speed of 180 r·min~(-1), and incubation time of 18 hours. The bacteria count in the fermentation broth under these conditions reached 2.17 × 10~8 CFU·mL~(-1), which was 6.58 times higher than before. The average control efficacy of the fermentation broth on Botrytis cinerea of ginseng under in vitro fumigation reached 61.70% and 84.04% respectively, when 20 mL and 30 mL per dish were used. The research provided theoretical support and technical foundation for the development and utilization of Bacillus mycoides JA20-1 and the biocontrol of soil-borne diseases in ginseng and postharvest diseases in crops.
Botrytis/drug effects* ; Fermentation ; Panax/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism* ; Bacillus/physiology* ; Pest Control, Biological/methods* ; Biological Control Agents/metabolism* ; Culture Media/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China during 2020-2024 via a propensity score-matched test-negative case-control study. METHODS: Electronic health records and immunization information systems were used to obtain data on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases tested for rotavirus (RV) infection. RV-positive cases were propensity score matched with RV-negative controls for age, visit month, and province. RESULTS: The study included 27,472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of AGE diagnosis; 7.98% (2,192) were RV-positive. The VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1-2 and 3 doses of RV5 against any medically attended RV infection (inpatient or outpatient) was 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received the 3rd dose before turning 5 months of age, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months since the 3rd dose) to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year since the 3rd dose). The three-dose VE rate was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) for RVGE hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) for outpatient-only medically attended RVGE. CONCLUSION Three-dose RV5 VE against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children aged < 5 years was higher than 1-2-dose VE. Three-dose VE decreased with time since the 3rd dose in children who received the 3rd dose before turning five months of age, but remained above 60% for at least one year. VE was higher for RVGE hospitalizations than for medically attended outpatient visits.
Humans ; Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Male ; Propensity Score ; Female ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Gastroenteritis/virology* ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Rotavirus

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To explore the effects of panobinostat on the proliferation,migration and invasion of renal carcinoma cells via targeting ADP ribosylated factor-like protein 4C(ARL4C).Methods According to different treatments,human renal carinoma 786-O cells were divided into blank group(phosphate buffer treatment),experimental group(50 nmol·L-1 panobinostat treatment),empty vector group(transfection with empty vector and no treatment),overexpression group(transfection with ARL4C overexpression vector and no treatment)and combined group(transfection with ARL4C overexpression vector and 50 nmol·L-1 panobinostat treatment).The proliferation,migration and invasion of cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and scratch assay.Cholesterol transport levels in cells were detected by enzyme-labeled assay.The mRNA and protein levels of ARL4C in cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results The indicators of cell proliferation in blank group,experimental group,empty vector group,overexpression group and combined group were(100.00±0)％,(61.08±5.82)％,(101.22±5.92)％,(121.94±6.63)％and(101.78±6.87)％;the indicators of cell migration were(44.59±2.49)％,(29.02±2.09)％,(42.75±2.42)％,(54.19±3.05)％and(41.91±2.75)％;the indicators of cell invasion were 264.50±6.52,182.70±5.83,257.80±7.91,322.40±8.27 and 266.80±8.15;the intracellular levels of cholesterol were(72.48±6.21),(36.48±3.44),(73.89±5.91),(89.21±8.89)and(73.06±6.92)mmol·L-1;the relative expression levels of ARL4C mRNA were 1.23±0.22,0.24±0.08,1.27±0.25,1.67±0.38 and 1.27±0.25;the relative expression levels of ARL4C protein were 1.06±0.03,0.17±0.04,1.03±0.05,1.37±0.18 and 1.05±0.08,respectively.Between the blank group and experimental group,the above indicators have statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);compared with the blank group and empty vector group,the above indicators in overexpression group have statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Panobinostat downregulate the intracellular levels of cholesterol by reducing the expression level of ARL4C in 786-O cells,thus inhibiting the proliferation,migration and invasion of renal carcinoma cells.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Aim To investigate the effect of kudinoside D(KD-D)on palmitic acid(PA)-induced lipid depo-sition in hepatocytes.Methods Mouse hepatocytes AML-12 were cultured and randomly divided into the Control group,PA group,PA+KD-D 20 μmol·L-1 group,PA+KD-D 40 μmol·L-1 group and PA+KD-D 80 μmol·L-1 group.AML-12 cells in PA and KD-D groups were treated with PA(0.4 mmol·L-1)for 24 h.AML-12 cells in KD-D groups were incubated with KD-D for 1 h before stimulation with PA.MTT as-say was used to detect cell survival rate,oil red O stai-ning and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect lipid deposition in cells,DCFH-DA fluorescence probe was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and MitoSOX mitochondrial superoxide red fluorescence probe was used to detect mitochondrial superoxide content in cells.Results KD-D at differ-ent concentrations improved PA-induced changes in cell morphology significantly.Compared with the Con-trol group,cells in PA group showed a significant in-crease in intracellular lipid droplets.Compared with PA group,the red lipid droplets in KD-D groups de-creased.The results of transmission electron microsco-py demonstrated that KD-D reduced PA-induced hepat-ic steatosis and improved ultrastructure.In addition,KD-D significantly decreased PA-induced cellular ROS level(P＜0.01)and reduced mitochondrial superox-ide content(P＜0.01).Conclusion KD-D inhibits PA-induced lipid deposition by regulating the cellular oxidative stress levels in AML-12 cells.