Pan-vascular diseases are a group of diseases involving the systemic vascular system， with vascular lesions （especially atherosclerosis） as a common pathological feature. Pan-vascular diseases have attracted widespread attention due to the high healthcare burden that accompanies high morbidity. Inflammation is the core pathogenesis of pan-vascular diseases. Targeted anti-inflammatory strategies have achieved certain success in basic research. However， due to the increased risk of infection， their clinical application has been hindered. Simiao Yong'an Tang （SMYAT）， which has the effects of nourishing Yin， detoxifying， and activating blood， demonstrates unique therapeutic advantages. Clinical evidence indicates that SMYAT alone or in combination with conventional Western Medicine/other compound formulas/non-drug therapies can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of pan-vascular diseases. At the same time， it can reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors and the risk of infection， improve glucose and lipid metabolism and blood viscosity， and promote wound healing， thereby enhancing the quality of life. The research on the pharmacological material basis indicates that when SMYAT enters the bloodstream， it can be converted into various active components such as harpagide， harpagoside， and chlorogenic acid. Basic research suggests that SMYAT can exert anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets， such as interfering with immune cell adhesion and aggregation， macrophage polarization， foam cell autophagy， neovascularization in the outer membrane and plaque， lipid metabolism and cholesterol reverse transport. The current research lacks comprehensive discussion on vascular diseases. In-depth studies on the effects and mechanisms of SMYAT can provide new therapeutic approaches for pan-vascular diseases. Moreover， they help to gain an overall understanding of the disease progression， demonstrating the superiority of the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same method. This paper provides a systematic overview of the TCM and Western Medicine understanding of pan-vascular diseases， the theoretical framework and material basis of SMYAT， and the progress of clinical and basic research on SMYAT treatment of pan-vascular diseases. The ultimate goal is to provide theoretical evidence and guidance for the development and application of SMYAT in the field of pan-vascular diseases. In the future， further research should be conducted to standardize the compound formula and explore the mechanism of treatment with integrated TCM and Western Medicine.

Pan-vascular diseases are a group of diseases involving the systemic vascular system， with vascular lesions （especially atherosclerosis） as a common pathological feature. Pan-vascular diseases have attracted widespread attention due to the high healthcare burden that accompanies high morbidity. Inflammation is the core pathogenesis of pan-vascular diseases. Targeted anti-inflammatory strategies have achieved certain success in basic research. However， due to the increased risk of infection， their clinical application has been hindered. Simiao Yong'an Tang （SMYAT）， which has the effects of nourishing Yin， detoxifying， and activating blood， demonstrates unique therapeutic advantages. Clinical evidence indicates that SMYAT alone or in combination with conventional Western Medicine/other compound formulas/non-drug therapies can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of pan-vascular diseases. At the same time， it can reduce the serum levels of inflammatory factors and the risk of infection， improve glucose and lipid metabolism and blood viscosity， and promote wound healing， thereby enhancing the quality of life. The research on the pharmacological material basis indicates that when SMYAT enters the bloodstream， it can be converted into various active components such as harpagide， harpagoside， and chlorogenic acid. Basic research suggests that SMYAT can exert anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways and targets， such as interfering with immune cell adhesion and aggregation， macrophage polarization， foam cell autophagy， neovascularization in the outer membrane and plaque， lipid metabolism and cholesterol reverse transport. The current research lacks comprehensive discussion on vascular diseases. In-depth studies on the effects and mechanisms of SMYAT can provide new therapeutic approaches for pan-vascular diseases. Moreover， they help to gain an overall understanding of the disease progression， demonstrating the superiority of the TCM concept of treating different diseases with the same method. This paper provides a systematic overview of the TCM and Western Medicine understanding of pan-vascular diseases， the theoretical framework and material basis of SMYAT， and the progress of clinical and basic research on SMYAT treatment of pan-vascular diseases. The ultimate goal is to provide theoretical evidence and guidance for the development and application of SMYAT in the field of pan-vascular diseases. In the future， further research should be conducted to standardize the compound formula and explore the mechanism of treatment with integrated TCM and Western Medicine.

Objective To establish the pushing transmission model of tendon-sheath system (TSS) for endoscopic flexible instrument, and study the key influencing factors of transmission efficiency. Methods The force and displacement transmission models of TSS in pushing configuration were built and simulated. The tendon-sheath transmission testing platform was designed to validate the model. The influencing factors, such as transmission velocity, tendon-sheath diameter ratio, curvature radius, were explored using this setup. Results There were obvious nonlinear phenomenon in force and displacement transmission. The model simulation results accorded quite well with the experiment results. Transmission velocity, tendon-sheath diameter ratio, curvature radius all had great effects on pushing force transmission of endoscopic flexible instrument, while they had a smaller effect on displacement transmission. Conclusions The proposed model can be used for calculating pushing force transmission of tendon-sheath system for endoscopic flexible instrument, so as to provide the doctors with force feedback at the tip of the end effector, and ensure the safe operation and improve the surgical effects. For better design and control of endoscopic flexible instrument, the transmission velocity, tendon-sheath diameter ratio, curvature radius must be comprehensively considered.

Objective To emphasize the importance of embolization of nonbronchial systemic arteries in treatment of acute and life-threatening massive hemoptysis.Methods In a series of 146 patients with hemoptysis who underwent bronchial artery embolization,we found 12 cases whose blood supply were from 17 nonbronchial systemic arteries and hemoptysis was more than 300 ml blood within 24 hours.Embolic materials included absorbable gelatin sponge(GS),kelp micro gelatin(KMG),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) particles and metal coils. Results In the 12 cases with 17 nonbronchial systemic arteries (4 were intercostal,3 internal mammary,3 thyrocervical trunk,3 inferior phrenic,1 left gastric,2 originated from the inferior aortic arch,and 1 originated from anterior abdominal aortic wall).Five cases were embolized by GS alone,2 cases by KMG,3 cases by GS+PVA,and 2 cases by GS+PVA+metal coils.Eight cases were performed embolization once,3 cases were performed twice and 1 case was performed three times.No significant complications developed related to embolization,except that 1 patient had transient eyesight decrease after embolization of thyrocervical trunk and 2 patients had chest pain after embolization of intercostal artery which resovled without any treatment.Conclusions During bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis patients,all supplying artery should be searched and found.Even after successful embolization of bronchial arterys for hemoptysis patients,nonbronchial systemic arterial supply should still be taken into account.