Objective: To characterize perioperative dynamic changes in immune-cell phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass) cardiac surgery, and to explore their associations with postoperative outcomes. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 120 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under CPB at West China Hospital from May 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Perioperative immune-cell phenotypes and concentrations of 40 inflammation-related cytokines were measured. The primary outcomes were the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at 24 h after surgery and ΔSOFA (the peak SOFA score within 48 h after surgery minus the preoperative SOFA score). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute kidney injury (AKI), respiratory failure, severe liver injury, and infection. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 57±10 years. Of these, 52% (62/120) were male and 90% (108/120) underwent valve surgery. During the rewarming to the end of CPB, neutrophil counts rapidly increased (7.39×10 /L vs preoperative 3.07×10 /L, P<0.001), with significant upregulation of CD11b (7.30×10 /L vs preoperative 3.05×10 /L, P<0.001) and CD54 (7.15×10 /L vs preoperative 2.99×10 /L, P<0.001). Lymphocyte counts increased at the end of CPB (1.75×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001) but decreased significantly at 24 h after surgery (0.59×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001). Plasma analysis showed that multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines increased during CPB and remained elevated up to 24 h after surgery; five chemokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at the end of CPB. The SOFA score increased from 1 (1, 2) preoperatively to 7 (5, 10) at 24 h after surgery, with a ΔSOFA of 6 (4, 8). Within 30 days after surgery, 48 patients (40.0%) developed AKI, 17 (14.2%) developed infection, 4 (3.3%) developed severe liver injury, 3 (2.5%) developed respiratory failure, and 3 (2.5%) experienced MACE. During the 2-year follow-up, 8 patients (6.7%) experienced MACE and 5 (4.2%) died. Conclusion: Multi-organ dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery under CPB (median ΔSOFA, 6), accompanied by perioperative activation of multiple immune-cell subsets and upregulation of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemotactic mediators. This study provides data-driven evidence and research clues for further investigation of the associations between CPB-related immune perturbations and postoperative organ dysfunction and clinical outcomes.

Objective To analyze Chinese and English publications pertaining to Oncomelania hupensis control from 2005 to 2024, so as to decipher the research status and hotspots of O. hupensis control. Methods Chinese and English publications pertaining to O. hupensis control from 2005 to 2024 were retrieved in the Web of Science Core Collection Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The annual number of publications was analyzed from 2005 to 2024, and the author and institution cooperation networks were mapped using the software CiteSpace 6.3.1. Keywords were extracted from publications to map the co-occurrence, burst and timeline of keywords to identify the research hotspots of O. hupensis control. Results A total of 158 English publications and 771 Chinese publications were included for bibliometric analyses. The overall output of English publications was relatively small from 2005 to 2024, the annual average publication was 7.90 publications. Parasites & Vectors was the most productive journal by the number of publications (21 publications). The three most productive authors included Li Shizhu (24 publications), Zhou Xiaonong (13 publications), and Yang Kun (12 publications), and the three most productive institutions included Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (49 publications), the WHO (27 publications), and Fudan University (25 publications). The annual average number of Chinese publications was high from 2005 to 2015 (57.73 publications), and reduced to 15.11 publications during the period from 2016 to 2024, with Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control as the most productive journal (241 publications). The three most productive authors included Wang Wanxian (18 publications), Sun Qixiang (16 publications), and Dai Jianrong (16 publications), and the three most productive institutions included Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases (55 publications), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (47 publications), and Hubei Uni-versity (38 publications). Among the 158 English publications, molluscicidal effect, climate change, geographic information, biological control, machine learning were current research hotspots, and the Yangtze River and elimination were emerging research hotspots. Among the 771 Chinese publications, molluscicidal effect, niclosamide, comprehensive management, molluscicide, effectiveness evaluation, marshland, and endophyte were current research hotspots, and the future research hotspots shifted to molluscicidal effect and pyriclobenzuron. Conclusions Limited attention is paid to the research on O. hupensis control across the world. The Yangtze River, elimination, molluscicidal effect, and pyriclobenzuron may be future research hotspots. High attention is recommended to be paid to the research on O. hupensis control, and development of diverse approaches for O. hupensis control is of urgent needs. We should continue to attach importance to the control research of O. hupensis and strengthen the exploration of diverse snail extermination and control methods.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mutation status of the MET gene in tumor patients， with a focus on its expression in lung cancer tissues and its impact on patient prognosis， providing theoretical basis and potential targets for precise diagnosis and treatment of the tumors. MethodsA total of 1，627 tumor patient samples were collected from January 2021 to September 2025. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to conduct DNA-level gene detection on 137 tumor patients with MET mutations. The distribution of mutation sites in exons and introns， as well as the occurrence frequencies of MET gene amplification and gene fusion were analyzed， with particular attention paid to the mutation frequencies of each exon and the high-frequency variant types. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression levels of c-MET protein in tumor tissues of the 137 patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on tumor tissues of 9 patients with MET gene exon 14 skipping mutations to study the association between c-MET protein expression and this specific mutation type. RNA sequencing results， immunohistochemical staining data， and follow-up prognosis of lung cancer from the GEPIA2 database and TCGA database were comprehensively analyzed to explore the potential relationship between MET gene expression in tumor tissues and patient prognosis. ResultsAmong 1，627 tumor patients， 137 MET mutation patients were detected， including 93 males with an average age of （66.85±9.61） years and 44 females with an average age of （59.43±11.08） years. Lung cancer was the most common tumor type （117 cases）. MET gene expression was lower in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme， but higher in lung cancer and colorectal cancer as compared with the expression in normal tissues. Survival analysis showed that patients with high MET gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma had a shorter overall survival time than those with low expression. A total of 961 mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing， including 547 exon mutations and 374 intron mutations. MET gene amplification was found in 13 cases and gene fusion in 27 cases. The highest mutation frequency was in exon 2， followed by exon 5， exon 4， and exon 19. High-frequency variant types included c.2890C>A （p.L964M） on exon 4 and c.3028G>T （p.D1010Y） on exon 5. The c-MET protein expression was closely related to the type of gene mutation. Missense mutations often led to positive or strongly positive c-MET protein expression， while nonsense mutations often resulted in weak or absent c-MET protein expression. Among the 9 patients with MET gene exon 14 skipping mutations， the c-MET protein expression score was mostly 0 - 1， with only 1 case scoring 2. Among the 117 lung cancer patients， the incidence rate was higher in males than in females， and more common among stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients than among stage I-Ⅱ patients. Out of the 41 patients treated with surgery + targeted drugs （gutemitinib， savolitinib）， 8 cases of recurrence or metastasis were found during follow-up. ConclusionMET gene mutations exhibit specific mutation characteristics in different tumor types， and its expression levels show significant differences between various tumor tissues and normal tissues. It is closely related to the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that c-MET protein expression is closely related to the type of MET gene mutation， especially in patients with MET gene exon 14 skipping mutations， which presents a characteristic expression pattern. This provides an important basis for the preliminary screening using immunohistochemistry in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide insights into precision control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods The integrated measures for schistosomiasis control implemented by health, agriculture, water resources, and forestry departments of Wuhan City, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Wuhan City were collected from 2005 to 2023, and the prevalence of human schistosomiasis, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and bovines, areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats, areas of snail habitats in inner embankments, and actual areas of snail habitats were retrieved. In addition, the trends in prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status were evaluated in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 using Mann-Kendall test and a Joinpoint regression model. Results Mann-Kendall test revealed a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis (Z = -4.41, P < 0.01), prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans (Z = -4.89, P < 0.01) and bovines (Z = -4.50, P < 0.01), areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats (Z = -3.91, P < 0.01), areas of snail habitats in inner embankments (Z = -2.28, P = 0.02), and actual areas of snail habitats (Z = -5.95, P < 0.01) in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023. Joinpoint regression analysis showed an average annual reduction of 8.58% in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = -8.58%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-10.02%, -6.65%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2016 [annual percent change (APC) = -34.41%, 95% CI: (-40.36%, -20.01%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum human infections appeared an average annual reduction of 51.91% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -51.91%, 95% CI: (-58.12%, -44.25%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2014 and 2017, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.17%, 95% CI: (-99.17%, -90.87%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum infections in bovines appeared an average annual reduction of 53.12% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -53.12%, 95% CI: (-59.65%, -42.44%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.63%, 95% CI: (-99.44%, -90.93%), P < 0.01]. The areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 47.09% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -47.09%, 95% CI: (-52.92%, -38.26%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2011 through 2014 [APC = -97.27%, 95% CI: (-98.65%, -88.06%), P < 0.01]. The areas of snail habitats in inner embankments appeared an average annual reduction of 4.45% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -4.45%, 95% CI: (-5.18%, -3.82%), P < 0.01], with three joinpoints in 2011, 2015 and 2018, respectively, and statistical significance was seen in the tendency towards a decline during the period from 2005 through 2011 [APC = -16.38%, 95% CI: (-20.15%, -14.25%), P < 0.01]. In addition, the actual areas of snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 2.65% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -2.65%, 95% CI: (-2.89%, -2.40%), P < 0.01], with a joinpoint in 2013, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2023 [APC = -4.06%, 95% CI: (-4.66%, -3.58%), P < 0.01]. Conclusions The integrated schistosomiasis control programme achieved significant effectiveness in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, with a tendency towards a decline in morbidity due to schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infections should continue to be implemented to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in the city.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of dose-surface histogram(DSH)for radiation proctitis(RP)in prostate cancer(PCa)patients undergoing radiotherapy.Methods This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 380 PCa patients who underwent image-guided radiotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University from January 2018 to January 2023.Patients were randomly divided into observation group(n=200)and control group(n=180).The rectal dose distribution of patients in the two groups was evaluated by using DSH and dose-volume histogram(DVH),respectively.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of DSH for acute RP,with DVH serving as a reference.Results The difference was not statistically significant in clinical information such as age,KPS score,and body mass index(BMI)between the observation and control groups(P＞0.05),as well as in acute RP incidence(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in S40 and V40,S50 and V50,S60 and V60,S70 and V70,and S78 and V78 between the two groups(P＜0.05).S40,S50,V40,and V50 showed low efficacy(P＜0.001)in predicting acute RP at each level,with AUC≤0.700.S60 and V60 showed moderate efficacy(P＜0.001)in predicting acute RP at each level,with AUC 0.700-0.900.S70,S78,V70 and V78 showed high efficacy(P＜0.001)in predicting acute RP at each level,with AUC＞0.900.Conclusions The predictive value of DSH for rectal toxicity in patients with PCa is basically consistent with that of DVH.It is expected to become a novel and valuable tool for evaluating radiotherapy plans in the future.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.