Objective: To translate the common metrics for donation attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention for the blood donation context (BD-ASPI) into Chinese, and to test its reliability and validity among college students. Methods: A research team was established. Following Beaton's cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the BD-ASPI was translated, culturally adapted, and pre-tested to develop the Chinese version. Using convenience sampling, 620 students from four universities in Wuhan were surveyed form August to November 2024 to test the scale's reliability and validity. Results: The Chinese version of the scale consisted of 21 items across four dimensions: attitude towards blood donation, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.89 to 1.00, and the average scale-level content validity index was 0.984. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the second-order factor model. The Criterion validity was 0.509 (P<0.001). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.965, with the coefficients for each dimension ranging from 0.891 to 0.974. The test-retest reliability was 0.894. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the BD-ASPI demonstrates good reliability and validity, and can serve as an effective tool for assessing the behavioral intention of voluntary blood donation among college students in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of calcium salt deposition and serological markers in patients with alveolar echinococcosis through a retrospective analysis， as well as independent risk factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition in lesions， and to provide a basis for assessing disease process. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging and clinical data of 107 patients with alveolar echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2025， and according to the volume of calcium salt deposition， they were divided into non-deposition group with 16 patients， mild deposition group with 52 patients， moderate deposition group with 16 patients， and severe deposition group with 23 patients. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The four groups were further combined into the low deposition group （no/mild deposition） and the high deposition group （moderate/severe deposition）. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition， and a predictive model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model， and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. ResultsThere were significant differences between the four groups in sex distribution， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the four groups in sex， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， alanine aminotransferase， albumin， creatinine， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.1）. The multi-collinearity diagnosis showed that the VIF values for all continuous variables ranged from 1.104 to 1.760， suggesting that collinearity did not affect modeling. An ordinal logistic regression model was established based on sex， involvement of other sites， calcium ion， lymphocyte percentage， and uric acid. The multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte percentage （odds ratio ［OR］=1.106， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041 — 1.174， P=0.001） and blood calcium level （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 —0.230， P=0.007） were independent influencing factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition. The regression equation was established as Logit（P）=8.231 + 0.100 × lymphocyte percentage -5.344 × calcium ion. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716， with a Youden index of 0.353， a sensitivity of 1.000， and a specificity of 0.353. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had poor calibration （χ²=20.688， P=0.008）. The Bootstrap method with 1000 repeated samples showed that the estimated values of lymphocyte percentage （OR=1.106， 95%CI： 1.049 — 1.186， P=0.002） and calcium ion （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 — 0.214， P=0.010） were consistent with the original model， and the confidence intervals did not include 1， which further supported the reliability of the model. ConclusionBoth lymphocyte percentage and blood calcium level are independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis， and the degree of calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis lesions increases with the reduction in blood calcium level and the increase in lymphocyte percentage.

Objective: To explore the relationship between snack consumption and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a basis for improving depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences. Methods: From October to December 2022,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County) in Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was applied to assess depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students, and snack consumption was collected by employing food frequency questionnaire. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between first year junior high school students snack consumption and depressive symptoms, and the analysis was stratified according to left behind experience. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms among firstyear junior high school students with and without left behind experience were 36.25% and 26.91%, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, the generalized linear model analysis showed that sweet snacks ( β=0.16, 95%CI =0.07-0.25), fast food ( β=0.14, 95%CI =0.04-0.23) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.01-0.17) of first year junior high school students with left behind experience (all P <0.05). Compared with those without such behavior, the risk of depressive symptoms was higher in consumption of fast food ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.18) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.06-0.15)among first year junior high school students without left behind experience (both P <0.05). Conclusion Snack consumption among first year junior high school students in Yunnan may increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms, while first year junior high school students with left behind experience may have a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms.

ObjectiveTo multidimensionally analyze the clinical effects of Qianyang Yuyin granules on elderly hypertensive patients through an "energy-inflammation-aging" network. MethodsRelevant datasets were retrieved from the GEO database. Gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA） was performed on the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells from patients with essential hypertension in dataset GSE24752. The GSEA referenced "GO gene sets" and "KEGG gene sets" to identify significantly enriched gene sets. A clinical trial was conducted using a randomized controlled study design. A total of 40 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The control group received standard antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers （ARBs） or combined calcium channel blockers （CCBs）. In contrast，the treatment group received Qianyang Yuyin Granules in addition to the standard treatment for 12 weeks. Blood pressure levels and clinical efficacy were observed，and changes in energy metabolism indicators，DNA damage markers，and senescence-associated secretory phenotype （SASP） in blood were measured using ELISA before and after treatment. ResultsGSEA results indicated significant energy metabolism dysregulation in hypertensive patients. Clinical findings showed that both groups achieved blood pressure control without significant intergroup differences. In terms of clinical efficacy，the treatment group had a significantly higher effective rate compared to the control group （95% vs 65%，P0.05）. After treatment，the treatment group showed a significant increase in NAD⁺ levels （P0.01），with higher levels compared to the control group （P0.05）. The treatment group also exhibited a greater reduction in DNA damage marker 8-OHdG （P0.01） and cell adhesion factors ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 （P0.01） compared to the control group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the treatment group （P0.01），with greater reductions compared to the control group （P0.05，P0.01）. Anti-inflammatory cytokines IFN-α，IL-4，and IL-10 were significantly elevated in the treatment group （P0.01），with higher levels compared to the control group （P0.01）. No significant adverse reactions were reported in either group. ConclusionThe "energy- inflammation- aging" network plays an important role in the pathological mechanism of hypertension patients. Qianyang Yuyin granules may delay the aging process by increasing patients' energy metabolism levels，reducing DNA oxidative damage，and maintaining the balance of inflammatory factors.

Objective To explore the impact of interactions among serum CD19+,interleukin-4(IL-4),and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)DNA load on the occurrence of pediatric infectious mononu-cleosis(IM).Methods A total of 100 IM pediatric patients were enrolled as study group,and 200 healthy pediatric controls were recruited during the same period.Baseline characteristics,EBV-DNA load,CD19+levels,and IL-4 expression were compared between the two groups.A multivariate Lo-gistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of IM.The interactions between EBV-DNA load and CD19+,IL-4 were analyzed based on an additive model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic performance of EBV-DNA load,CD19+,IL-4 alone and their combination for IM.Results Significant differences were observed be-tween the two groups in terms of EBV-DNA load,CD19+levels,IL-4 expression,neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio(NLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),red cell distribution width(RDW),atypical lymphocyte ratio,and VCA-IgM positivity(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression anal-ysis revealed that EBV-DNA load,CD19+,IL-4,RDW,atypical lymphocyte ratio,and VCA-IgM positivity were independent influencing factors for IM occurrence(P＜0.05).Additive interaction analysis showed that when EBV-DNA load and IL-4 were simultaneously exposed,the relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)was 63.888,the attributable proportion due to interaction(API)was 77.312,and the synergy index(S)was 4.532;when EBV-DNA load and CD19+were simul-taneously exposed,RERI was 2.655,API was 16.773,and S was 1.210.ROC curve analysis indi-cated that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combined diagnosis of IM using EBV-DNA load,CD19+,and IL-4 was 0.945,which was superior to that of single indicator and dual combination.Conclusion Serum CD19+,IL-4,and EBV-DNA load exhibit additive interactions in the occur-rence of IM,and simultaneous exposure increases the risk of IM.Combined detection of these bio-markers enhances the diagnostic performance for IM,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the effects of acupuncture bloodletting combined with Tongfu Huatan Decoction on consciousness recovery time and electroencephalogram in patients with hemor-rhagic stroke.Methods A total of 100 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were randomly divided into control group and study group,with 50 patients in each group.The control group was treated with oral administration of Tongfu Huatan Decoction,while the study group received combined treatment of ac-upuncture bloodletting and Tongfu Huatan Decoction.Serological indicators[N-terminal pro-brain natri-uretic peptide(NT-proBNP),central nervous system-specific protein(S100β),aquaporin(AQP-1),and angiogenin 1(Ang-1)],consciousness disturbance scores[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),Full Out-line of Unresponsiveness(FOUR),and Coma Recovery Scale-revised(CRS-R)],electroencephalo-gram improvement,cerebral blood perfusion indicators[cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral blood volume(CBV)],consciousness recovery time,and the occurrence of adverse reactions and compli-cations were analyzed before and after treatment in both groups.Results Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in all indicators in two groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,the study group showed decreased levels of serum NT-proBNP,S100β,AQP-1,and Ang-1 in two groups,and showed significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).The scores of GCS,FOUR,and CRS-R,as well as the levels of CBF and CBV increased in two groups,with more sig-nificant increase in the study group(P＜0.05).The improvement of electroencephalogram in the study group was significantly better,and the consciousness recovery time was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in adverse re-actions and complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture bloodlet-ting combined with Tongfu Huatan Decoction can enhance cerebral function,reduce cerebral dam-age,and shorten consciousness recovery time in patients with hemorrhagic stroke.

Autophagy is a conservative lysosome-dependent material catabolic pathway, and exists in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy controls cell quality and survival by eliminating intracellular dysfunction substances, and plays an important role in various pathophysiology processes. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male disease. It is resulted from a variety of causes and pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, aging, spinal cord injury, or cavernous nerve injury caused by radical prostatectomy, and others. In the past decade, autophagy has begun to be investigated in ED. Subsequently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the regulation of autophagy contributes to the recovery of ED, and which is mainly involved in improving endothelial function, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, penile fibrosis, and corpus cavernosum nerve injury. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the possible role of autophagy in ED from a cellular perspective, and we look forward to providing a new idea for the pathogenesis investigation and clinical treatment of ED in the future.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic values of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity and colonoscopy biopsy for rectal and anal canal tumors.Methods:A total of 100 patients with rectal tumors,who admitted to Beijing Rectum Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023,were selected.All patients completed three-dimensional(3D)ultrasound examination of intra rectal cavity,and all of them adopted both colonoscopy biopsy and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity to obtain tissue samples.Postoperative pathological results were used as the"gold standard"to compare the diagnostic accuracy,pain index,amount of blood loss and examination time of two kinds of modes in sampling.The Kappa test was adopted to analyze the consistency between two kinds of examination methods and postoperatively pathological staging.Results:The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of pathological diagnosis with colonoscopy biopsy were respectively 90.74%,82.61%and 87.00%in diagnosing the benign and malignant rectal tumor.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity were respectively 98.25%,97.67%and 98.00%in diagnosing the benign and malignant rectal tumor.The diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity was higher than that of colonoscopy biopsy,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.672,P<0.05).Kappa test analysis indicated that there was moderate consistency between colonoscopy biopsy and pathological staging in diagnosing rectal cancer(Kappa=0.66),and there was high consistency between ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity and pathological staging in diagnosing that(Kappa=0.77).Conclusion:Both colonoscopy biopsy and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity have highly diagnostic accuracy rate for rectal tumors.However,ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity has obvious advantages for the biopsy of submucosal rectal tumors and anal canal tumors,and it has minimally invasive and cost-effective advantages,which has higher clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice.Methods T2DM mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive drug group,Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus total extract group,water-solube part group,and Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus ethyl acetate fraction group,with 10 mice in each group.After 4 weeks of treatment,anti-diabetic effects were evaluated by monitoring body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG),oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),and area under the blood glucose curve(AUC).Liver tissue status was assessed through liver index and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results Compared with the model group,the water-solube part and total extract group showed significant improvements in mental status,food intake,body mass,excretion,and the FBG elevation was effectively suppressed,OGTT,FINS,AUC,HOMA-IR and liver index were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),the histopathological analysis revealed improved liver tissue morphology.Regarding channel protein expression,compared with the model group,the water-solube part group exhibited significantly upregulated phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)in mouse liver tissue(P＜0.05),furthermore,the positive drug group,total extract group,and water-solube part group all demonstrated markedly increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)in hepatic tissues(P＜0.05).Conclusion The water-solube part of fructus of Hibiseu Manihot L fructus.effectively alleviates T2DM symptoms(polyphagia,polydipsia,polyuria,weight loss)and glucose metabolism disorders,with hepatoprotective effects potentially mediated through PI3K/AKT pathway activation and enhanced p-AMPK expression.

OBJECTIVE:Neuromuscular exercise is a new comprehensive rehabilitation therapy in recent years,but its effect on knee osteoarthritis is still controversial.The purpose of this paper is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of neuromuscular exercise on knee osteoarthritis pain and function. METHODS:The randomized controlled trials addressing neuromuscular exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain and function were retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,CNKI,Web of Science,China Biomedical Database(CBM),VIP,and WanFang Database.The retrieval time ranged from database inception to October 2023.The neuromuscular training group(experimental group)was given neuromuscular training or neuromuscular training as the main intervention;the control group was a blank group or given conventional rehabilitation.Outcome indicators included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)score,walking time,knee stability,and the maximum number of knee flexion in 30 seconds.The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS:A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included,and 628 samples were extracted.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in terms of WOMAC pain score[standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.38,95%confidence interval(CI):0.08-0.69,P=0.01],knee stability(SMD=0.57,95%CI:0.23-0.92,P=0.001),the maximum number of knee joint flexion in 30 seconds(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.05-0.65,P=0.02),and WOMAC physical function score(SMD=-0.79,95%CI:-1.30 to-0.28,P=0.002).In both groups,walking speed was increased and walking ability was improved in patients with knee osteoarthritis,but there was no significant difference(walking time:SMD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.48-0.03,P=0.09). CONCLUSION:Neuromuscular exercise can effectively improve knee joint pain,enhance the stability of the knee joint,and promote functional recovery in patients with knee osteoarthritis.However,more high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to further confirm the research.