ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of high position dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) under nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.Methods:A total of 101 patients with chronic dacryocystitis who were treated at People′s Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 14 males and 87 females, aged (56.82±13.00) years (Mean±SD). The patients were divided into control group (53 cases, 59 eyes) and stent group (48 cases, 60 eyes). The control group consisted of randomly selected patients with simple dacryocystitis, while, the stent group included patients with secondary dacryocystitis after failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation. All patients underwent endoscopic high DCR with exposed the Rosenmüller valve, combined with intraoperative lacrimal silicone tube implantation. After the operation, the surgical efficacy was evaluated by methods such as Munk score, endoscopic observation of intranasal ostia, lacrimal duct irrigation, and fluorescein test. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data statistics.Results:All 101 patients were followed up for at least one year after DCR surgery. In the control group, one patient (two eyes) was lost to follow-up; while, in the stent group, three patients (three eyes) were lost to follow-up, with one case diagnosed with lacrimal sac cancer. Excluding the lost-to-follow-up cases and the patient with lacrimal sac cancer, anatomical success was achieved in 54 eyes (96.4%, 54/56) in the stent group, and both anatomical and functional success in 53 eyes (94.6%, 53/56); in the control group, 55 eyes (96.5%, 55/57) achieved both anatomical and functional success. No statistically significant difference was found in postoperative effectiveness efficacy between the two groups ( χ2=0.000, P=0.984). Conclusion:For patients with secondary dacryocystitis after nasolacrimal duct stent implantation, high position DCR with exposure of Rosenmüller valve combined with lacrimal duct silicone intubation can achieve better long-term efficacy.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） can be classified as pulmonary collateral disease，and its pathogenesis is mainly characterized by the loss of Qi meridian nourishment，the loss of Yin meridian nourishment，and the formation of blood stasis in the blood vessels. Qi Yin deficiency is the pathological basis that runs through IPF，and obstruction of meridians and collaterals is a key element in the development of the disease. The dysfunction of "spleen being in charge of the defensive function" is closely related to the formation of the pathological pattern of "lung deficiency and collateral stasis" in IPF. The term "spleen being in charge of the defensive function" originated from the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon. If the spleen is healthy，the Qi will be filled with vitality. Positive energy is stored inside，evil cannot be dried up. Its concept is quite similar to the immune defense function in modern medicine. If the principle of "spleen being in charge of the defensive function" is lost，the key structure and function of the IPF alveolar epithelial barrier may be abnormal，and it can interact with various innate immune cells to promote inflammation and fibrosis processes. Therefore，this article explains the imbalance of immune homeostasis in IPF alveolar epithelium from two aspects：the barrier function of alveolar epithelial cells（AECs） and their interaction with innate immune cells. And based on the theory of "spleen being in charge of the defensive function"，using traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the spleen and nourishing Qi to treat IPF from the perspective of the spleen. This not only strengthens the scientific connotation of "spleen being in charge of the defensive function" in the pathogenesis of IPF，but also provides new research directions and ideas for its future clinical prevention and treatment.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of high position dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) under nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.Methods:A total of 101 patients with chronic dacryocystitis who were treated at People′s Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 14 males and 87 females, aged (56.82±13.00) years (Mean±SD). The patients were divided into control group (53 cases, 59 eyes) and stent group (48 cases, 60 eyes). The control group consisted of randomly selected patients with simple dacryocystitis, while, the stent group included patients with secondary dacryocystitis after failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation. All patients underwent endoscopic high DCR with exposed the Rosenmüller valve, combined with intraoperative lacrimal silicone tube implantation. After the operation, the surgical efficacy was evaluated by methods such as Munk score, endoscopic observation of intranasal ostia, lacrimal duct irrigation, and fluorescein test. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data statistics.Results:All 101 patients were followed up for at least one year after DCR surgery. In the control group, one patient (two eyes) was lost to follow-up; while, in the stent group, three patients (three eyes) were lost to follow-up, with one case diagnosed with lacrimal sac cancer. Excluding the lost-to-follow-up cases and the patient with lacrimal sac cancer, anatomical success was achieved in 54 eyes (96.4%, 54/56) in the stent group, and both anatomical and functional success in 53 eyes (94.6%, 53/56); in the control group, 55 eyes (96.5%, 55/57) achieved both anatomical and functional success. No statistically significant difference was found in postoperative effectiveness efficacy between the two groups ( χ2=0.000, P=0.984). Conclusion:For patients with secondary dacryocystitis after nasolacrimal duct stent implantation, high position DCR with exposure of Rosenmüller valve combined with lacrimal duct silicone intubation can achieve better long-term efficacy.

In the research of major depressive disorder (MDD), the protective effect of psychological resilience has received increasing attention. This protective effect persists throughout the onset, development, and prognosis of MDD. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the definition, mechanisms, and research tools of psychological resilience, as well as the research progress regarding its role in MDD. Meanwhile, it elaborates in detail on the deficiencies in current research and, based on this, offers perspectives on future research directions. This review aims to enhance the understanding of psychological resilience, deepen the scientific comprehension of the complex interaction between psychological resilience and MDD, and provide references for research in related fields.

In the research of major depressive disorder (MDD), the protective effect of psychological resilience has received increasing attention. This protective effect persists throughout the onset, development, and prognosis of MDD. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the definition, mechanisms, and research tools of psychological resilience, as well as the research progress regarding its role in MDD. Meanwhile, it elaborates in detail on the deficiencies in current research and, based on this, offers perspectives on future research directions. This review aims to enhance the understanding of psychological resilience, deepen the scientific comprehension of the complex interaction between psychological resilience and MDD, and provide references for research in related fields.

Objective:Using bioinformatics methods to study the immune infiltration mechanism of lupus nephritis(LN)and to explore potential target Chinese medicines,which can provide new directions for clinical treatment of LN.Methods:Gene expres-sion profile microarray dataset of LN was downloaded from GEO database,differential expressed genes(DEGs)were screened using R software,and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on these DEGs.Protein interaction network analysis of DEGs was performed by applying STRING database,key genes were screened by using Cytoscape,core gene expression was validated by Nephro-seq database,and the infiltration and correlation of 22 kinds of immune cells in LN were calculated by CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm.Finally,herbal prediction of significantly enriched immune-related biological processes and key target genes were performed by Coremine Medical database.Results:A total of 367 LN-related DEGs were obtained,of which 253 were up-regulated and 114 were down-regulated.GO was mainly enriched in response to viruses,defense response to viruses,regulation of viral life cycle,regulation of viral processes,etc;KEGG was mainly enriched in S.aureus infection,COVID-19,influenza A,complement and coagulation cascade,pertussis,etc.Ten key genes were screened:IFIT3,OAS2,MX1,OAS1,RSAD2,XAF1,ISG15,IFIT1,ITGAM and PTPRC.Immune infiltration by CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm showed that monocytes and initial B cells were highly expressed in LN,while memory B cells,naive CD4+T cells,follicular helper T cells and resting natural killer cells were lowly expressed in LN.Immune cell correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between initial B cells and plasma cells,a positive correlation between resting natural killer cells and resting dendritic cells,a negative correlation between monocytes and regulatory T cells,and a negative correlation between resting CD4+memory T cells and monocytes.Coremine Medical predicted that Salvia miltiorrhiza,Panax notogin-seng,Scutellaria baicalensis,ginseng,honey,monkey mushroom and peony were found to be most closely related to immunity in LN.Conclusion:The development and progression of LN are results of the combined involvement of multiple genes and pathways.Mono-cytes,memory B cells,initial CD4+T cells and initial B cells are most closely associated with LN.The predicted Salvia miltiorrhiza,Panax notoginseng,Scutellaria baicalensis,ginseng,honey,monkey mushroom and peony may be used as target herbs for the poten-tial treatment of LN.

Objective To construct a nonparametric proportional hazards (PH) model for mixed informative interval-censored failure time data for predicting the risks in heart transplantation surgeries. Methods Based on the complexity of mixed informative interval-censored failure time data, we considered the interdependent relationship between failure time process and observation time process, constructed a nonparametric proportional hazards (PH) model to describe the nonlinear relationship between the risk factors and heart transplant surgery risks and proposed a two-step sieve estimation maximum likelihood algorithm. An estimation equation was established to estimate frailty variables using the observation process model. I-spline and B-spline were used to approximate the unknown baseline hazard function and nonparametric function, respectively, to obtain the working likelihood function in the sieve space. The partial derivative of the model parameters was used to obtain the scoring equation. The maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters was obtained by solving the scoring equation, and a function curve of the impact of risk factors on the risk of heart transplantation surgery was drawn. Results Simulation experiment suggested that the estimated values obtained by the proposed method were consistent and asymptotically effective under various settings with good fitting effects. Analysis of heart transplant surgery data showed that the donor's age had a positive linear relationship with the surgical risk. The impact of the recipient's age at disease onset increased at first and then stabilized, but increased against at an older age. The donor-recipient age difference had a positive linear relationship with the surgical risk of heart transplantation. Conclusion The nonparametric PH model established in this study can be used for predicting the risks in heart transplantation surgery and exploring the functional relationship between the surgery risks and the risk factors.

BACKGROUND:Conductive biomaterials are considered potential candidates for transmitting electrical signals for myocardial repair.Combining cell-based or cell-free strategies with conductive biomaterials to replenish cardiomyocytes and/or restore electrical signaling pathways is a promising approach for cardiac repair. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel on cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization.The micromorphology,biocompatibility and conductivity of the hydrogels were characterized.Thirty adult SD rats were selected to establish a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model by clamping the left anterior descending branch of the heart and then releasing it.After 21 days of modeling,the rats were divided into three groups by the random number table method:Normal saline was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the blank group.Chitosan hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area in the ordinary hydrogel group.The polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel was injected into the left ventricular infarction area and infarction margin area,with 10 rats in each group.The corresponding time points after modeling were set,and cardiac mechanical function(echocardiogram,pressure-volume analysis),cardiac electrophysiology(electrocardiogram,programmed electrical stimulation,optical mapping technology,microelectrode array technology,eight-lead electrocardiogram,and electrical resistivity of the scar area)and cardiac histology were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were a lot of pores on the surface of the conductive composite hydrogel,and the conductivity was(3.19±0.03)×10-3 mS/cm,which had good biocompatibility co-cultured with smooth muscle cells.(2)After 105 days of modeling,echocardiogram and pressure-volume analysis showed that compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group,the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the contractile function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.The results of electrocardiogram,programmed electrical stimulation,optical mapping technology,microelectrode array technology,eight-lead electrocardiogram,and electrical resistivity of the scar area examination at 105 days after modeling displayed that,compared with the blank group and the ordinary hydrogel group,the conductive composite hydrogel could significantly improve the electrical conduction function of the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia.Masson staining of heart tissue at 105 days after modeling exhibited that there were different degrees of fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area of the three groups.Compared with the normal saline group and the ordinary hydrogel group,the conductive hydrogel group had more normal myocardial tissue and less fibrosis in the myocardial infarction area.(3)The results verify that polypyrrole-chitosan conductive composite hydrogel may promote the repair of infarcted heart after ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the electrical conduction velocity of infarct scar area tissue,increasing scar thickness,enhancing synchronous cardiac contraction,and reducing damaged tissue.